scholarly journals Review of Compartment Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Elawady ◽  
Saqeb Beig Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Arterial Flow ◽  
Closed Space ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Painful Condition ◽  
Surgical Practice ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Increased Pressure

Compartment syndrome is a painful condition, caused by increased pressure in a closed muscular compartment. A compartment is a group of muscles enclosed in fascia and septa of connective tissue, which separates different muscle groups. The chambers created receive their blood supply through the arteries. As the pressure builds in the closed space, the blood supply to muscles enclosed decreases. Normal compartment pressure allows blood to flow in and then venous outflow to exit the compartment. However, with increased pressure in the compartment, the arterial flow is impaired. Subsequently, venous outflow stops, adding to the volume of the closed chamber, and hence, pressure builds to the point when the arterial flow stops as well. This chapter provides a general overview of the compartment syndrome in orthopaedic surgical practice. It includes definitions, causes, microscopic anatomy and pathophysiology, as well as the management of this condition.

scholarly journals The features of blood supply to the rat medulla during pathological periodic apneustic respiration provoked by sodium hydroxybutyrate

2018 ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Л.Н. Тихомирова ◽  
Д.Д. Мациевский ◽  
С.В. Ревенко ◽  
И.А. Тараканов
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Sodium Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
Periodic Oscillations ◽  
Chest Cavity ◽  
Respiration Rhythm ◽  
The Brain

В острых опытах на наркотизированных самцах беспородных белых крыс изучали кровоснабжение ствола головного мозга в зоне дыхательного центра при моделировании периодического апнейстического дыхания с помощью оксибутирата натрия. При формировании периодического патологического дыхания в микрососудах ствола мозга возникают характерные периодические колебания кровотока и оксигенации нервной ткани, которые соответствуют дыхательным движениям. Кроме того, в этих условиях увеличивается кровенаполнение и величина венозного оттока крови от мозга. Полученные данные позволяют предположить, что характерные колебания кровоснабжения мозга в ритме дыхательных движений появляются не только в стволе мозга, но и в других отделах. Они, вероятно, связаны с пульсациями венозного оттока вследствие присасывающего влияния грудной полости во время инспирации. The model of periodic apneustic respiration provoked by sodium hydroxybutyrate was used in acute experiments on anaesthetized mongrel male albino rats to examine the blood supply to the region of respiratory center in the brain stem. The development of periodic pathological respiration was associated with specific periodic oscillations of 1) blood flow in the brain stem microvasculature and 2) oxygenation of the nervous tissue following the respiration rhythm. Under these conditions, both blood supply to and venous outflow from the brain were augmented. The study suggested that the characteristic oscillations of blood supply to the brain at the respiration rhythm emerge not only in the brain stem but also in other cerebral regions. Probably, they are caused by oscillations of venous outflow induced by the suction effect of the chest cavity during inspiration.

Isolated Medial Compartment Syndrome of the Foot: A Case Report

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Myerson ◽  
Barry I. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Medial Compartment ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Increased Pressure

Compartment syndrome, which results from increased pressure within a closed osseofascial compartment, compromises the viability of tissues and requires prompt fasciotomy for successful outcome. The vast majority of published series on compartment syndrome emphasizes the substantial amount of soft tissue and/or bony trauma that accompanies the condition. This report describes an isolated medial compartment syndrome without evidence of specific injury.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ISCHIOTIBIAL AND PARAVERTEBRAL MUSCLES AND LOW BACK PAIN

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-243
Author(s):  
HARON SILVA DORTA
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Painful Condition ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Paravertebral Muscles ◽  
The World ◽  
Muscle Groups

ABSTRACT Low back pain or lumbago is a painful condition that affects an increasing number of people around the world and has numerous causal factors. Among these factors, the most distinctive are muscle imbalances, weakness of paravertebral muscles and shortening of ischiotibial muscles. The role of these muscle groups is still controversial and not fully explained in the literature. Thus, a survey was conducted in the SciELO, LILACS, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases in the last decade (2003-2013), using as keywords: hamstrings, low back pain, lumbago, and paravertebral. The works found confirm that, according to the methodology, weakness in paravertebral muscles is of great importance to the development of low back pain as well as the shortening of the ischiotibial muscles, which are directly related to this factor.

DETERMINATION OF CLINICAL INDICATORS OF INTERSTITIAL PRESSURE IN DEEP AND BORDERLINE BURNS DEPENDING ON THE TIME OF THERMAL INJURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
O. V. Kravtsov ◽  
T. A. Kurbanov ◽  
Yu. I. Kozin ◽  
A. A. Tsogoev ◽  
A.O. Gopko
Keyword(s):  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Thermal Injury ◽  
Infusion Therapy ◽  
Superficial Fascia ◽  
Interstitial Pressure ◽  
Drug Infusion ◽  
Tissue Pressure ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Ischemic Tissue ◽  
Muscle Groups

Summary. Objective. Improvement of the diagnosis of compartment syndrome depending on the time of thermal injury and the establishment of indications for draining operations. Materials and methods. Interstitial pressure was studied in 66 victims who were admitted to the burn center in the first 24 hours after the injury. The patients were divided into groups depending on the relative extent of the lesion and the length of hospitalization. The results of the study and their discussion. Upon admission of the patient to the department, a thorough sanitation of the burn surfaces was performed with antiseptic solutions (chlorhexidine, dekasan). In the burn area, the interstitial pressure was measured in all muscle groups deeper than the superficial fascia with a Kompartment druck Monitor System (MIPM Mammen dorfer Institut für Physik und Medizin Gmbh) apparatus for measuring interstitial pressure. Depending on the level of interstitial pressure, patients underwent conservative drug and infusion therapy aimed at reducing edema and hypoxia of damaged tissues. In the case of critical indicators of interstitial pressure, an urgent surgical intervention was performed for the purpose of decompression. When assessing the dependence of the pressure level in the tissues on the timing of burns, there is a clear dependence in all observation groups: late hospitalizations are accompanied by a large increase in pressure, the level of circular location of burns on the extremities is of great importance for high blood pressure. Conclusion. It has been determined that objectification of the diagnosis of the compartment syndrome in order to prevent ischemic tissue damage plays an important role in deep and borderline burns. Clinical indicators of tissue pressure in deep and borderline burns have been established, depending on the time of thermal injury, which allows the diagnosis of compartment syndrome and the establishment of indications for drug, infusion therapy and urgent drainage operations.

Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

2019 ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Diagnostic Assessment ◽  
Organ Perfusion ◽  
Abdominal Compartment ◽  
Illness Progression ◽  
Increased Pressure

In abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), a fixed compartment (the abdomen with defined myofascial elements) is subjected to increased pressure. The result is decreased organ perfusion and subsequent dysfunction inside the abdominal cavity and the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Given the affect of treatment for organ dysfunction, an accurate characterization of primary illness progression and ACS is crucial for diagnostic assessment.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Chart Review to Examine Intra-Compartment Pressures and Post-Operative Outcomes of Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0014
Author(s):  
Jacob Brower ◽  
David M. Shuster ◽  
Nicholas A. Cheney ◽  
Brian C. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Exertional Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Compartment Pressures ◽  
Pain Improvement

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is defined as reversible, insufficient blood supply to a fascial compartment’s contents. Patients with this condition have abnormally elevated pressures within specific fascial compartments, causing decreased blood flow to that area. This temporary loss of blood supply produces a feeling of tightness in the affected muscles, pain, and possibly local paresthesia. Surgical treatment involves a fasciotomy, which releases the implicated compartment’s fascia. This procedure creates additional space for muscle expansion and more adequate blood supply to the appropriate tissues.The purpose of this study is to review the surgical outcomes of patients diagnosed with lower extremity CECS whom received a fasciotomy, assessing correlations between resting intramuscular compartment pressures and surgical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective chart analysis was performed of the senior author’s patients between January 1st, 2013 and June 30th, 2019. Patients included in this study presented with symptoms consistent with lower extremity CECS and had the diagnosis confirmed, either unilaterally or bilaterally, via the resting intramuscular pressure cutoff (>=15 mmHg) outlined by the Pedowitz criteria. These patients subsequently received fasciotomies for the syndrome. Results: Out of the 37 patients included in this study, 30 (81.1%) reported improvement in their post-operative pain scores. There was a trend (P > 0.1523) between resting intra-compartment pressures and post-operative pain improvement. Conclusion: Our study suggests a positive trend between higher resting intra-compartment pressures and post-operative pain improvement. Due to the limited number of study participants, no correlations could be determined. However, this data is significant because it demonstrates the importance of the Pedowitz diagnostic criteria, as it is the first study showing a relationship between the resting pressure criteria and surgical outcomes. Further research is necessary to determine if there is a correlation between higher intramuscular pressures and positive surgical outcomes.

Thigh Compartment Syndrome After Thrombolytic Therapy of an Occluded Lower Extremity Bypass Graft

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 752-755
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Singh ◽  
Qing Zhao Ruan ◽  
Jonathan Schor ◽  
Garry Lachhar ◽  
Sumit Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Thrombolytic Therapy ◽  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Increased Pressure

Compartment syndrome is caused by increased pressure within fascial compartment. We present a unique case of a thigh compartment syndrome that occurred after overnight catheter delivered Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) thrombolysis of an acutely thrombosis femoral-to above knee popliteal artery Propaten® PTFE (WL Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ) bypass graft. The condition was treated by emergency fasciotomy and the patient recovered uneventfully.

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