scholarly journals Overview of Arabidopsis as a Genetics Model System and Its Limitation, Leading to the Development of Emerging Plant Model Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhabendra Mohon Kar ◽  
Ayan Raichaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Model System ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Plant Model ◽  
New Model ◽  
Plant System ◽  
Model Plant ◽  
System A ◽  
Plant Process

Model plant systems make it easier to perform experiments with them. They help to understand and expand our knowledge about the genetic basis behind different plant process. Also, it is easier to design and perform genetic and genomic experiments using a model plant system. A. thaliana was initially chosen as the model plant system, and remains to this date, one of the most widely studied plant. With the advent of better molecular biology and sequencing tools and to understand the genetic basis for the unique processes in different plant species, there is emergence of several new model systems.

The use of a silica-based heat sink to “uncouple” the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mechanism

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lourantos ◽  
O. M. Ramirez ◽  
A. E. Giannakopulos ◽  
K. A. Beran ◽  
Peter J. Derrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Model System ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Laser Desorption Ionization ◽  
System A ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Maldi Mechanism ◽  
Silicon Based

The relationships between ion yield(s) as a function of desorption alone and (or) ionization was investigated using two model systems. In the first model system, a carbohydrate (2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin, TMBCD), which could be directly laser desorbed, was analyzed with and without a silicon-based heat sink compound (HSC). The HSC allowed heat to pass through but obstructed the flow of charge. In the second model system, a peptide (substance P), which ccould not be laser desorbed, was analyzed under similar conditions. The ion yield of TMBCD under either system of heat conductivity was similar, whereas the ion yield of the peptide with the heat sink was negligible. Compounds that are predominately cationized either in the gas phase or preformed in solution give an ion yield that is not dependent upon the surface conditions, whereas compounds that are not ordinarily cationized are affected by the emission of electrons from the metal surface.

Shaping Organs: Shared Structural Principles Across Kingdoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 385-410
Author(s):  
O. Hamant ◽  
T.E. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Model System ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Plant Model ◽  
Critical Part ◽  
Integrative View ◽  
Structural Principles ◽  
Cross Fertilization ◽  
Scientific Fields

Development encapsulates the morphogenesis of an organism from a single fertilized cell to a functional adult. A critical part of development is the specification of organ forms. Beyond the molecular control of morphogenesis, shape in essence entails structural constraints and thus mechanics. Revisiting recent results in biophysics and development, and comparing animal and plant model systems, we derive key overarching principles behind the formation of organs across kingdoms. In particular, we highlight how growing organs are active rather than passive systems and how such behavior plays a role in shaping the organ. We discuss the importance of considering different scales in understanding how organs form. Such an integrative view of organ development generates new questions while calling for more cross-fertilization between scientific fields and model system communities.

scholarly journals How nontraditional model systems can save us

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 3687-3689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy S. Gladfelter
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Model System ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
New Model ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Biology I

In this essay I would like to highlight how work in nontraditional model systems is an imperative for our society to prepare for problems we do not even know exist. I present examples of how discovery in nontraditional systems has been critical for fundamental advancement in cell biology. I also discuss how as a collective we might harvest both new questions and new solutions to old problems from the underexplored reservoir of diversity in the biosphere. With advancements in genomics, proteomics, and genome editing, it is now technically feasible for even a single research group to introduce a new model system. I aim here to inspire people to think beyond their familiar model systems and to press funding agencies to support the establishment of new model systems.

The Anomaly of Bacterial Genetics

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Darwinian Evolution ◽  
Bacterial Conjugation ◽  
Bacterial Genetics ◽  
New Model ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Foundational Research ◽  
Gregor Mendel ◽  
Classical Genetics

This chapter reviews the research that set the stage for Joshua Lederberg’s surprising discovery of bacterial conjugation. While the foundational research of Gregor Mendel and his principles of inheritance had been effectively combined with Darwinian evolution, producing the Modern Synthesis in the mid-forties, bacteria did not fit into this grand synthesis. Most biologists believed that bacteria were too primitive to have real genes. But Delbruck, Hershey and Luria organized the Phage School, leading a novel approach to discovering the molecular biology of the gene by studying bacteriophages. Microbiologists like Tracy Sonneborn and Carl Lindegren turned to alternative microorganisms—protists, fungi, and yeast—to develop new model systems that offered advantages over the classical genetics organisms of animals and plants. The research of Edward Tatum and Jacques Monod indicated that mutations seemed to explain variation in bacteria. For many years, however, bacteriologists had known that bacteria reproduced by fission. The lack of any genetic hybridization seemed to argue against using bacteria to study basic genetic processes.

Florida Activity Mobility Simulator

2005 ◽  
Vol 1921 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram M. Pendyala ◽  
Ryuichi Kitamura ◽  
Akira Kikuchi ◽  
Toshiyuki Yamamoto ◽  
Satoshi Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Model System ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Transportation Demand ◽  
New Era ◽  
System A ◽  
Preliminary Validation

The development of modeling systems for activity-based travel demand ushers in a new era in transportation demand forecasting and planning. A comprehensive multimodal activity-based system for forecasting travel demand was developed for implementation in Florida and resulted in the Florida Activity Mobility Simulator (FAMOS). Two main modules compose the FAMOS microsimulation model system for modeling activity–travel patterns of individuals: the Household Attributes Generation System and the Prism-Constrained Activity–Travel Simulator. FAMOS was developed and estimated with household activity and travel data collected in southeast Florida in 2000. Results of the model development effort are promising and demonstrate the applicability of activity-based model systems in travel demand forecasting. An overview of the model system, a description of its features and capabilities, and preliminary validation results are provided.

Simulation of physiologic conditions in diseased lung grafts for drug exposition using the Organ Care System – a new model

Pneumologie ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
W Sommer ◽  
MM Hoeper ◽  
C Kühn ◽  
I Tudorache ◽  
M Avsar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Model ◽  
System A ◽  
Diseased Lung ◽  
Care System

Some results of the implementation of the priority project «creating a new model of a medical organization that provides primary health care»: problems and prospects

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Alexey Smyshlyaev ◽  
Maria Sadovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Primary Health Care System ◽  
Medical Organization ◽  
New Model ◽  
System A ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Care Problems

Optimization of the activities of medical organizations providing primary health care requires the development of new organizational and functional models. The introduction of new approaches to organizing the activities of medical organizations is primarily a step towards patients. The new model is a patient-oriented medical organization, the management of which is based on the use of a process-oriented approach and «lean» technologies. Since 2019, within the framework of the federal project «Development of a primary health care system,» a project has been launched to introduce the «New Model of a Medical Organization Providing Primary Health Care». The implementation of the project is scheduled for 2019-2024 inclusive. The creation and replication of the «new model» is planned for the participation of all subjects of the Russian Federation. The introduction of lean technology methods in the work of medical organizations has reduced the waiting time for doctors, optimized the burden on doctors, reduced the time for obtaining research results, streamlining the process of moving a patient within a medical organization. The creation of an effective quality management system in medical organizations is achieved through the phased implementation of lean-technology.

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