scholarly journals Ant Algorithms for Routing in Wireless Multi-Hop Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Umlauft ◽  
Wilfried Elmenreich
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Ant Algorithms ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hoc Networks

Wireless Multi-Hop Networks (such as Mobile Ad hoc Networks, Wireless Sensor Networks, and Wireless Mesh Networks) promise improved flexibility, reliability, and performance compared to conventional Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) or sensor installations. They can be deployed quickly to provide network connectivity in areas without existing backbone/back-haul infrastructure, such as disaster areas, impassable terrain, or underserved communities. Due to their distributed nature, routing algorithms for these types of networks have to be self-organized. Ant routing is a bio-inspired self-organized method for routing, which is a promising approach for routing in such Wireless Multi-Hop Networks. This chapter provides an introduction to Wireless Multi-Hop Networks, their specific challenges, and an overview of the ant algorithms available for routing in such networks.

Trust-Based Security Mechanisms for Self-Organized Networks (SONs)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1782-1805
Author(s):  
S. Sivagurunathan ◽  
K. Prathapchandran
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Peer To Peer Networks ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Day By Day

Self-Organized Networks (SONs) are an advancement of today's communication that arises to overcome the problems in traditional communications in terms of their planning, configuration, optimization, healing and management since the rate of utilizing communication technology is gradually increasing day by day hence an optimum mechanism is needed to cope up with all the changes in the communication era, the result is self-organized networks. The success of SONs depends on how it is effectively utilized without any compromise in its security. However its unique characteristics offer both opportunities and challenges. The aim of this chapter is to begins with the essential concept of SONs such as Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET), Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN), Peer to Peer Networks (P2P), Cognitive Radio Networks, Bio-Inspired Networks and Internet of Things (IoT) and their limitations in different perspectives. As these networks have penetrated into the human life with an anytime anywhere capability, the security of the data being processed and communicated through these networks become vital. This chapter tries to bring out the issues and challenges in providing a trust based solution mechanisms for this type of networks.

Trust-Based Security Mechanisms for Self-Organized Networks (SONs)

2016 ◽  
pp. 92-114
Author(s):  
S. Sivagurunathan ◽  
K. Prathapchandran
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Peer To Peer Networks ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Day By Day

Self-Organized Networks (SONs) are an advancement of today's communication that arises to overcome the problems in traditional communications in terms of their planning, configuration, optimization, healing and management since the rate of utilizing communication technology is gradually increasing day by day hence an optimum mechanism is needed to cope up with all the changes in the communication era, the result is self-organized networks. The success of SONs depends on how it is effectively utilized without any compromise in its security. However its unique characteristics offer both opportunities and challenges. The aim of this chapter is to begins with the essential concept of SONs such as Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET), Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN), Peer to Peer Networks (P2P), Cognitive Radio Networks, Bio-Inspired Networks and Internet of Things (IoT) and their limitations in different perspectives. As these networks have penetrated into the human life with an anytime anywhere capability, the security of the data being processed and communicated through these networks become vital. This chapter tries to bring out the issues and challenges in providing a trust based solution mechanisms for this type of networks.

scholarly journals XCP-Winf and RCP-Winf: Improving Explicit Wireless Congestion Control

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Congestion Control ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Available Bandwidth ◽  
Wireless Links ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Network Interaction ◽  
Hoc Networks

Congestion control in wireless networks is strongly dependent on the dynamics and instability of wireless links. Therefore, it is very difficult to accurately evaluate the characteristics of the wireless links. It is known that TCP experiences serious performance degradation problems in wireless networks. Moreover, congestion control mechanisms that rely on network interaction and network parameters, such as XCP and RCP, do not evaluate accurately the capacity and available link bandwidth in wireless networks. In this paper we propose new explicit flow control protocols for wireless mesh networks, based on XCP and RCP. We name these protocols XCP-Winf and RCP-Winf. They rely on the MAC layer information gathered by a new method to accurately estimate the available bandwidth and the path capacity over a wireless network path. The estimation is performed in real time and without the need to intrusively inject packets in the network. These new congestion control mechanisms are evaluated in different scenarios in wireless mesh and ad hoc networks and compared against several new approaches for wireless congestion control. It is shown that both XCP-Winf and RCP-Winf outperform the evaluated approaches, showing its stable behavior and better channel utilization.

Optimization of WMN Performance for Different Propagation Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Reshi Isfaq Qadir ◽  
Anuradha Saini
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Wireless Mesh Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Point To Point

Wireless mesh networks are multihop systems in which contrivances avail each other in transmitting packets through the network, especially in arduous conditions. We can drop these ad hoc networks into place with minimal preparation, and they provide a reliable, flexible system that can be elongated to thousands of contrivances. The wireless mesh network topology developed is a point-to-point-to-point, or peer-to-peer, system called an ad hoc, multi-hop network. A node can send and receive messages, and in a mesh network, a node withal functions as a router and can relay messages to its neighbours. A mesh network offers multiple redundant communications paths throughout the network. If one link fails for any reason, the network automatically routes messages through alternate paths. In a mesh network, we can abbreviate the distance between nodes, which dramatically increases the link quality. If we reduce the distance by a factor of two, the resulting signal is at least four times more puissant at the receiver. This makes links more reliable without incrementing transmitter power in individual nodes. In a mesh network, we can elongate the reach, integrate redundancy, and amend the general reliability of the network simply by integrating more nodes. One of the most astronomically immense issues in routing is to providing copacetic performance while scaling the wireless mesh network. It is fascinating, however, to investigate what transpires when routing nodes are expanded in different propagation environment and how that affects routing metrics. In this thesis, we examine the utilization of different proactive, reactive and hybrid protocols in such a way so that we may be able to build a cost function which avails in culling the finest grouping of routing protocols for a particular urban wireless mesh network. The key parameters are network throughput and average end to culminate delay. The performance of Bellman ford, DYMO, STAR and ZRP protocols have been examined with different node densities.  A non-linear cost function equation has been proposed corresponding to each routing parameter taken. Bitrate is taken as constant (CBR).

Routing and Coding Enhancements to Improve QoS of Video Transmissions in Future Ad Hoc Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 244-261
Author(s):  
Juan C. Guerri ◽  
Pau Arce ◽  
Patricia Acelas ◽  
Wilder E. Castellanos ◽  
Francisco Fraile
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Wireless Mesh Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Hierarchical Routing ◽  
Link State ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Optimized Link State Routing

Video services are much demanded nowadays but bandwidth and delay requirements of this kind of services are very restrictive. Offering real-time video services in wireless ad-hoc networks is not an easy task because of the difficulty of guaranteeing certain quality in a shared medium. Practical solutions should try to improve communications at (and gathering information from) several layers of the protocol stack. Mobile Ad-hoc Networks are infrastructure-less wireless networks characterized by being very versatile, dynamic and self-organized but also by the difficulty to achieve a good Quality of Service in video transmissions due to packet losses and node mobility. On the other hand, the Wireless Mesh Network is presented as the next step in wireless networks. Wireless Mesh Networks have a hierarchical topology, clustered structure and static backbone, which all help to improve the network stability. In the way towards Wireless Mesh Networks, hierarchical routing protocols could transform an ad-hoc network in a more robust wireless network. Therefore, in this chapter, hierarchical routing protocols have been studied, particularly Hierarchical Optimized Link State Routing Protocol, and compared with a traditional flat routing protocol named Optimized Link State Routing. Furthermore, additional video coding techniques have been used in order to improve video quality in reception. At application layer, results show that Multi-description Coding achieves better quality on video transmissions when nodes have medium or high mobility, especially when using multipoint-to-point transmission or disjoint paths in a hierarchical structure. Video trace simulations have allowed us to perform subjective quality tests to assert the Quality of Experience improvements in video transmissions.

scholarly journals Mobile ad hoc network integrated wireless networks: a survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.9) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Dr S.SivaNageswara Rao ◽  
Orchu Aruna ◽  
Dr K.Lakshminadh
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Now a day, every one using mobile devices for communicating with others. The development of new technologies, like Internet of Things (IoT) needs coverage, connectivity, scalability and QoS. In ubiquity networks, the major issues are coverage, connectivity, scalability and QoS. To solve these limitations, integrating wireless networks with ad hoc networks. This paper provides detail survey on how ad hoc networks are integrated with Cellular Network, Wireless Mesh Networks and Wireless Sensor Networks. This integration may resolve the problems of coverage, connectivity, scalability and QoS.

Adaptive Sending Rate Over Wireless Mesh Networks Using SNR

2013 ◽  
pp. 199-217
Author(s):  
Scott Fowler ◽  
Marc Eberhard ◽  
Keith Blow ◽  
Ahmed Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Mesh Networks ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Channel Conditions ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Hoc Networks

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have emerged as a key technology for the next generation of wireless networking. Instead of being another type of ad-hoc networking, WMNs diversify the capabilities of ad-hoc networks. Several protocols that work over WMNs include IEEE 802.11a/b/g, 802.15, 802.16 and LTE-Advanced. To bring about a high throughput under varying conditions, these protocols have to adapt their transmission rate. This paper proposes a scheme to improve channel conditions by performing rate adaptation along with multiple packet transmission using packet loss and physical layer condition. Dynamic monitoring, multiple packet transmission and adaptation to changes in channel quality by adjusting the packet transmission rates according to certain optimization criteria provided greater throughput. The key feature of the proposed method is the combination of the following two factors: 1) detection of intrinsic channel conditions by measuring the fluctuation of noise to signal ratio via the standard deviation, and 2) the detection of packet loss induced through congestion. The authors show that the use of such techniques in a WMN can significantly improve performance in terms of the packet sending rate. The effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated in a simulated wireless network testbed via packet-level simulation.

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