scholarly journals Water Source of Six Woody Plants in Different Habitats on Desertified Land of Ordos Plateau, Semi-Arid China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajuan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Loess Slope ◽  
Ordos Plateau ◽  
Shallow Soil ◽  
Different Seasons

Water and soil erosion and sandy desertification are two mainly land desertification types on eastern and southern Ordos Plateau, north China. Hippophae rhamnoides, Armeniaca sibirica and Pinus tabuliformis are three woody plants for soil and water conservation on loess slope. Sabina vulgaris, Artemisia ordosica and Salix psammophila are three shrubs for sand control on sand dune. Water source of six woody plants were investigated by stable isotope technology. The results showed that the δ18O of shallow soil water was similar to that of rainwater in July and September in two habitats. Both of six woody plants in two habitats mainly used shallow soil water in May. However, three shrubs on sand dune mainly used both of shallow and deep soil water in July and September. Three woody plants on loess slope mainly used rainwater or deep soil water in July and September. Therefore, six woody plants utilized different depths of soil water or rain water based on their availability in different seasons, which is an adaptive strategy to the semiarid climate on Ordos Plateau.

Water use strategy of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus community in a drought year on the Mongolian Plateau

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-800
Author(s):  
Ya-Juan Zhu ◽  
Guo-Jie Wang ◽  
Zhi-Ming Xin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Mongolian Plateau ◽  
Ammopiptanthus Mongolicus ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Water Use Strategy

Abstract Aims In desert ecosystems, water is a restricting factor for plant growth and vegetation dynamics. The relatively stable water source from deep soil profile or groundwater is important for plant survival during drought. Understanding water use strategy of endangered species, in desert ecosystem is essential for their conservation and restoration such as Ammopiptanthus mongolicus on the Mongolian Plateau. Methods The stable isotope method of δD and δ 18O was used to examine the main water sources of A. mongolicus and two companion shrubs, e.g. Artemisia ordosica and Artemisia xerophytica. The contribution of different water sources to each species was calculated by IsoSource model. Leaf δ 13C was used to compare long-term water use efficiency of three shrubs. Soil moisture and root distribution of three shrubs was measured to explain plant water use strategy. Important Findings The results showed that A. mongolicus relied on groundwater and 150–200 cm deep soil water, with the former contributing to almost half of its total water source. Artemisia ordosica mainly used 150–200 cm deep soil water, but also used shallow soil water within 100 cm in summer and autumn. Artemisia xerophytica mainly used 150–200 cm deep soil water and groundwater, with the latter contributing to about 30%–60% of its total water source. The three shrubs had dimorphic or deep root systems, which are in accord with their water sources. The WUE in the evergreen shrub A. mongolicus was higher than in two deciduous Artemisia shrubs, which may be an adaptive advantage in desert ecosystem. Therefore, groundwater is an important water source for the endangered shrub A. mongolicus in a drought year on Mongolian Plateau. Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and two Artemisia shrubs competed for deep soil water and groundwater.

scholarly journals Water Stable Isotopes in an Alpine Setting of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Qiu ◽  
Mingjun Zhang ◽  
Shengjie Wang ◽  
Athanassios A. Argiriou ◽  
Rong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Mountainous Regions

Hydrological processes produce effects on water resources in inland mountainous regions. To perform a comprehensive investigation of the important segments of the water cycle, using the Qilian Mountains as a case study, precipitation, soil, plant, river, and groundwater were collected during the plant growing season of 2016. All samples were collected on a monthly basis, except precipitation, which was collected on a per event basis. The results showed that: the “temperature effect” was apparent, which suggested a drier climate background; there were differences in the slope and intercept of the local meteoric water line, using different regression methods; and the δ18O of soil water varied greatly in the topsoil, tended to be similar in the deep soil, and became increasingly depleted as the soil depth increased. The responses of the soil water isotopes to precipitation pulses had different boundaries. The major water source for Caragana Fabr. in no-precipitation month was located in the 0–30 cm soil layer, but was different in months when precipitation occurred. Overall, the findings from the stable isotopes provide insights into hydrological processes and offer a platform to understand mountainous water cycle in arid areas.

Allocation of Water Resources and Environment Management of the Bachuan River in Chongqing Based on Ecological Water Requirement

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Tian Yuan Xiang ◽  
Long Sun
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Production Water ◽  
Water Demand And Supply ◽  
Ecological Water Requirement ◽  
Different Seasons

The Bachuan River is the main water source for urban life and industrial and agricultural production of one county in Chongqing, China, but water shortage is serious due to the water pollution and low development rate at present. In this paper, water resources quantity and quality of the Bachuan River basin were analyzed, and the water demand and supply were calculated. The results indicate that for the polluted river, in addition to the living and production water requirements, the guarantee of ecological water is important for the environment improvement. Reasonable joint regulation of upstream reservoirs is needed to maintain the water supply of living, production and ecological maintenance, and the water resources allocation should be adjusted according to the water inflow in different seasons. At the same time, water environment treatment and water conservation are also necessary to help to improve the water quality, and water transfer projects can be considered if the flow is too small in dry season.

scholarly journals Interspecific Variation in the Timing and Magnitude of Hydraulic Redistribution in a Forest With Distinct Water Sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Belovitch ◽  
Steven Brantley ◽  
Doug. P. Aubrey
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Hydraulic Redistribution ◽  
Shallow Soil ◽  
Quercus Species ◽  
Canopy Species

Abstract Aims Trees regulate water availability among their rooting strata through a nocturnal, passive transference of water known as hydraulic redistribution (HR). This study investigates differences in HR and groundwater use among common canopy species in longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris Mill., Pinaceae) woodlands and explores environmental factors influencing HR. Methods HR was estimated by sap flux of lateral roots and main stems of three mature canopy species ( P. palustris , Quercus laevis Walter., Fagaceae and Quercus margarettae Ashe., Fagaceae). We used δ 18 O and δD of xylem water, soil water, and groundwater to determine water source. Finally, we related HR to environmental factors (Temperature, VWC, VPD) to better understand controls of HR dynamics. Results Pinus palustris had higher water use than either Quercus species, and also redistributed significantly more water as a nocturnal subsidy. HR fluxes were inversely related with mean daily temperature and independent of shallow soil moisture. Stable isotope mixing models, based on δ 18 O and δD, indicated that all species have access to groundwater, but utilized shallow soil water in differing amounts when available. Conclusions In systems with strong water potential gradients among soil strata, any species with access to a groundwater source is likely capable of HR; however, the magnitude of HR varies significantly by species, even among closely related taxa.

Severe depletion of available deep soil water induced by revegetation on the arid and semiarid Loess Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 491 ◽  
pp. 119156
Author(s):  
Binbin Li ◽  
Wantao Zhang ◽  
Shujie Li ◽  
Ju Wang ◽  
Guobin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

scholarly journals Contrasting Water Use Strategies of Tamarix ramosissima in Different Habitats in the Northwest of Loess Plateau, China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2791
Author(s):  
Pengyan Su ◽  
Mingjun Zhang ◽  
Deye Qu ◽  
Jiaxin Wang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Tamarix Ramosissima ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Meteoric Water Line ◽  
Utilization Ratio

As a species for ecological restoration in northern China, Tamarix ramosissima plays an important role in river protection, flood control, regional climate regulation, and landscape construction with vegetation. Two sampling sites were selected in the hillside and floodplain habitats along the Lanzhou City, and the xylems of T. ramosissima and potential water sources were collected, respectively. The Bayesian mixture model (MixSIAR) and soil water excess (SW-excess) were applied to analyze the relationship on different water pools and the utilization ratios of T. ramosissima to potential water sources in two habitats. The results showed that the slope and intercept of local meteoric water line (LMWL) in two habitats were smaller compared with the global meteoric water line (GMWL), which indicated the existence of drier climate and strong evaporation in the study area, especially in the hillside habitat. Except for the three months in hillside, the SW-excess of T. ramosissima were negative, which indicated that xylems of T. ramosissima are more depleted in δ2H than the soil water line. In growing seasons, the main water source in hillside habitat was deep soil water (80~150 cm) and the utilization ratio was 63 ± 17% for T. ramosissima, while the main water source in floodplain habitat was shallow soil water (0~30 cm), with a utilization ratio of 42.6 ± 19.2%, and the water sources were different in diverse months. T. ramosissima has a certain adaptation mechanism and water-use strategies in two habitats, and also an altered water uptake pattern in acquiring the more stable water. This study will provide a theoretical basis for plant water management in ecological environment protection in the Loess Plateau.

scholarly journals Intensified Interspecific Competition for Water after Afforestation with Robinia pseudoacacia into a Native Shrubland in the Taihang Mountains, Northern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Wanrui Zhu ◽  
Wenhua Li ◽  
Peili Shi ◽  
Jiansheng Cao ◽  
Ning Zong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Water Competition ◽  
Seasonal Water Use

Understanding how soil water source is used spatiotemporally by tree species and if native species can successfully coexist with introduced species is crucial for selecting species for afforestation. In the rocky mountainous areas of the Taihang Mountains, alien Robinia pseudoacacia L. has been widely afforested into the native shrublands dominated by Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa and Vitex negundo L. var. heterophylla to improve forest coverage and soil nutrients. However, little is known about the water relation among species, especially seasonal water use sources in different microsites. We selected the soil and plant xylem samples of two opposite microtopographic sites (ridge and valley) monthly in the growth season to analyze isotope composition. The proportions of water sources were quantified by the MixSIAR model and compared pairwise between species, microsites and seasons. We found that deep subsoil water at a depth of 40–50 cm contributed up to 50% of the total water uptake for R. pseudoacacia and Z. jujuba in the growing season, indicating that they stably used deeper soil water and had intense water competition. However, V. negundo had a more flexible water use strategy, which derived more than 50% of the total water uptake from the soil layer of 0–10 cm in the rainy season, but majorly captured soil water at a depth of 30–50 cm in the dry season. Therefore, high niche overlaps were shown in V. negundo with the other two species in the dry season, but niche segregation was seen in the rainy season. The microtopographic sites did not shift the seasonal dynamic of the water source use patterns of the three studied species, but the water use niche overlap was higher in the valley than in the ridge. Taken together, the introduced species R. pseudoacacia intensified water competition with the native semi-arbor species Z. jujuba, but it could commonly coexist with the native shrub species V. negundo. Therefore, our study on seasonal water use sources in different microsites provides insight into species interaction and site selection for R. pseudoacacia afforestation in the native shrub community in rocky mountainous areas. It is better to plant R. pseudoacacia in the shrubland in the valley so as to avoid intense water competition and control soil erosion.

Analysis of Legal System and Public Policy on Rural Water Source in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 4126-4129
Author(s):  
Zhen Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Source of water is the beginning of rural drinking water projects, safe water source is the key to rural drinking water safety. Status of rural drinking water source in china and laws and regulations on rural water conservation were analyzed. The population of centralized water supply accounts for 51% of the total population in rural areas in 2008, centralized water supply 49%. Groundwater source accounts for 57% of the population of centralized water supply projects in rural areas in 2008, surface water sources 43%. China has a relatively sound legal system of drinking water source, including basic law, general law, administrative regulations, local regulations.The paper draws a conclusion that sources of drinking water in rural areas is mainly groundwater, water conservation is short of specific laws and regulations and not suitable for rural area,it is necessary to improve laws and regulations on rural water conservation, government must assume responsibility for rural water conservation, especially financial investment and public policy support.

Transpiration Response to Vapor Pressure Deficit in Field Grown Peanut

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Balota ◽  
Steve McGrath ◽  
Thomas G. Isleib ◽  
Shyam Tallury
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Water deficit, i.e., rainfall amounts and distribution, is the most common abiotic stress that limits peanut production worldwide. Even though extensive research efforts have been made to improve drought tolerance in peanut, performance of genotypes largely depends upon the environment in which they grow. Based on greenhouse experiments, it has been hypothesized that stomata closure under high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is a mechanism of soil water conservation and it has been shown that genotypic variation for the response of transpiration rate to VPD in peanut exists. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between stomatal conductance (gs) and VPD for field grown peanut in Virginia-Carolina (VC) rainfed environments. In 2009, thirty virginia-type peanut cultivars and advanced breeding lines were evaluated for gs at several times before and after rain events, including a moisture stress episode. In 2010, eighteen genotypes were evaluated for gs under soil water deficit. In 2009, VPD ranged from 1.3 to 4.2 kPa and in 2010 from 1.78 to 3.57 kPa. Under water deficit, genotype and year showed a significant effect on gs (P  =  0.0001), but the genotype × year interaction did not. During the water deficit episodes while recorded gs values were relatively high, gs was negatively related to VPD (R2  =  0.57, n  =  180 in 2009; R2  =  0.47, n  =  108 in 2010), suggesting that stomata closure is indeed a water conservation mechanism for field grown peanut. However, a wide range of slopes among genotype were observed in both years. Genotypes with significant negative relationships of gs and VPD under water deficit in both years were Florida Fancy, Gregory, N04074FCT, NC-V11, and VA-98R. While Florida Fancy, Gregory, and NC-V11 are known to be high yielding cultivars, VA-98R and line N04074FCT are not. The benefit of stomatal closure during drought episodes in the VC environments is further discussed in this paper.

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