scholarly journals Effect of Environmental Aging on Tensile Properties of Post-Consumer Recycled (PCR) Polycarbonates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashed Islam ◽  
Syed Zameer ◽  
Jacki Laiz ◽  
David Chen ◽  
Anthony Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Ductile Failure ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Reliability Modelling ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Aging Conditions ◽  
Environmental Aging ◽  
Fracture Morphologies ◽  
Over Time

In this chapter, tensile properties of different grades of post-consumer recycled (PCR) polycarbonate (PC) plastics have been compared with conventional or virgin PC before and after different aging conditions. 50 and 75% recycled PCs showed comparable yield strength (∼57 MPa), maximum tensile strength (∼70 MPa) and maximum strain (∼190–200%) before aging, when compared to virgin PC of same melt flow rate (MFR of ∼10 g/10 min). From the fractography analysis (optical and scanning electron microscopy) of the both virgin and 50% recycled PC, it is evident that the fracture morphologies are very similar and they are indicative of ductile failure. It is observed that with the presence of temperature and humidity (60°C 90% RH) aging, tensile strength starts to drop over time but most importantly both 50% and 75% PCR grades showed similar aging behavior compared to virgin PC (10–13% strength degradation after 500 hours of aging). Reliability modelling showed comparable B10, Weibull Alpha and Weibull Beta values between Virgin PC and PCR grades after different aging conditions. Fractography analysis of fresh and aged 75% PCR also showed ductile features.

Effect of Aging on Tensile Properties and Microstructures of Eutectic Sn-Pb Solder With Small Amounts of Au and Pd for Aerospace Application

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryou Kikuchi ◽  
Ikuo Shohji ◽  
Yuta Saitoh ◽  
Norio Nemoto ◽  
Tsuyoshi Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Microstructural Observation ◽  
Aerospace Application ◽  
Electrode Degradation ◽  
Similar Tendency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Aging Conditions

In the joint with eutectic Sn-Pb solder and a lead-free Ni/Pd/Au electrode, degradation of mechanical properties of the solder due to dissolution of Au and Pd into the solder would be anxious. In this study, the effect of aging was investigated on tensile properties and microstructures of the eutectic Sn-Pb solder with small amounts of Au and Pd added. In as-cast solders with both Au and Pd added, the tensile strength increases with increasing contents of Au and Pd. A similar tendency was observed after aging at 100°C for 1000 h. The effect of aging on elongation was relatively small and elongation degraded when brittle (Pd,Au)Sn4 phases formed in the solder. In solders with Au ranging from 1 to 5 mass%, regardless of aging conditions investigated, the tensile strength is stable at approximately 50 MPa and 45 MPa before and after aging, respectively. The effect of aging on improvement of elongation was negligible and elongation degraded when rod shaped AuSn4 formed in the solder. On the basis of the result of microstructural observation, it was clarified that the strengthening by dispersion of (Pd,Au)Sn4 phases is superior to softening by microstructure coarsening upon aging when the contents of Au and Pd are 2 mass% and 1 mass% or above, respectively.

The Effect of Triacetin on the Plasticization Efficiency and Tensile Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride/di-2-Ethyl Hexyl Phthalate/Triacetin Compounds

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjulizan Rusli ◽  
Nur Farhana Asul Kahar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Migration Ability ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Before And After

The use of triacetin as an alternative plasticizer to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was studied in term of plasticizer efficiency and tensile properties before and after ageing. The efficiency of plasticizers was evaluated based on the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the hardness value of the compounds. The Tg and hardness of all PVC/DEHP/Triacetin compounds are lower than PVC/50DEHP and PVC/50Triacetin compounds indicating synergistic plasticisation effect between both DEHP and Triacetin within the PVC compounds. The low molecular weight and chemical structure of triacetin are believed to contribute to the highest tensile strength, elongation at break and modulus of the PVC/triacetin compared with PVC/DEHP and PVC/DEHP/triacetin compounds. However, the migration ability of the triacetin plasticizer is believed to result in the biggest changes of the tensile properties of PVC compounds plasticized with triacetin before and after ageing.

Weekly Exercise Consistently Reinstates Positive Mood

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Steinberg ◽  
Briony R. Nicholls ◽  
Elizabeth A. Sykes ◽  
N. LeBoutillier ◽  
Nerina Ramlakhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Class ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
Over Time

Mood improvement immediately after a single bout of exercise is well documented, but less is known about successive and longer term effects. In a “real-life” field investigation, four kinds of exercise class (Beginners, Advanced, Body Funk and Callanetics) met once a week for up to 7 weeks. Before and after each class the members assessed how they felt by completing a questionnaire listing equal numbers of “positive” and “negative” mood words. Subjects who had attended at least five times were included in the analysis, which led to groups consisting of 18, 20, 16, and 16 subjects, respectively. All four kinds of exercise significantly increased positive and decreased negative feelings, and this result was surprisingly consistent in successive weeks. However, exercise seemed to have a much greater effect on positive than on negative moods. The favorable moods induced by each class seemed to have worn off by the following week, to be reinstated by the class itself. In the Callanetics class, positive mood also improved significantly over time. The Callanetics class involved “slower,” more demanding exercises, not always done to music. The Callanetics and Advanced classes also showed significantly greater preexercise negative moods in the first three sessions. However, these differences disappeared following exercise. Possibly, these two groups had become more “tolerant” to the mood-enhancing effects of physical exercise; this may be in part have been due to “exercise addiction.”

WIELAND-FX9

Alloy Digest ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
Bronze Alloy ◽  
Good Strength

Abstract Wieland-FX9 is a high-manganese bronze alloy that has good strength and is available in numerous cold work tempers related to its minimum tensile strength. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-801. Producer or source: Wieland Metals Inc..

DOGAL 600 and 800 DP

Alloy Digest ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength

Abstract Dogal 600 and 800 DP are high-strength steels with a microstructure that contains ferrite, which is soft and formable, and martensite, which is hard and contributes to the strength of the steel. The designation relates to the lowest tensile strength. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-160. Producer or source: SSAB Swedish Steel Inc. and SSAB Swedish Steel.

LUCEFIN GROUP C30 (1.0528), C30E (1.1178), C30R (1.1179)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Tensile Strength ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Lower Carbon

Abstract Lucefin Group C30, C30E, and C30R are medium-carbon, non-alloy steels that are used in the normalized, cold worked, or quenched and tempered condition. C30E and C30R may also be flame or induction hardened. C30, C30E, and C30R are widely used for small, moderately stressed parts, where higher strength levels are needed than can be achieved in the lower carbon grades, and also where toughness is more important than high tensile strength. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-206. Producer or source: Lucefin S.p.A.

TOUGHMET 2CX

Alloy Digest ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Severe Loading

Abstract ToughMet 2 CX is a Cu-9Ni-6Sn alloy that combines low coefficient of friction with wear resistance. ToughMet alloys are a line of spinodal hardened Cu-Ni antigalling alloys for bearings capable of performing with a variety of shafting materials and lubricants. The alloys combine a high lubricity with wear resistance in these severe loading conditions. ToughMet 2CX in the cast and spinodally hardened (CX) condition exhibits tensile strength in excess of 724 MPa (105 ksi) and hardness exceeding HRC 27 with excellent machinability. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming. Filing Code: Cu-819. Producer or source: Materion Brush Performance Alloys.

BRUSH ALLOY 190

Alloy Digest ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Copper Strip ◽  
Beryllium Copper ◽  
Heat Treated

Abstract Brush Alloy 190 is a mill-heat treated beryllium copper strip with a tensile strength up to 190,000 psi. It eliminates the need of customer heat-treating by providing high properties combined with exceptional formability. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Cu-194. Producer or source: Brush Beryllium Company.

INLAND DURASPRING

Alloy Digest ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Stress ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Light Truck ◽  
Suspension Systems ◽  
Spring Steels

Abstract Inland DuraSpring is a high-strength microalloyed spring steel for use in high stress coil springs for automobile and light truck suspension systems. This bar product offers significant improvements in tensile strength, fatigue properties, and fracture toughness compared to conventional spring steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, and tensile properties as well asfracture toughness and fatigue. Filing Code: SA-496. Producer or source: Ispat Inland Inc.

VASCO 9-4-20

Alloy Digest ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Tensile Strength ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract Vasco 9-4-20 (0.20 wt% C) is a premium quality aircraft steel that combines high tensile strength with good fracture toughness. It is a heat-treatable alloy capable of developing an ultimate tensile strength greater than 190 ksi. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-489. Producer or source: Vasco, An Allegheny Teledyne Company.

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