scholarly journals Vitamin E in Human Health and Oxidative Stress Related Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Ehizuelen Ebhohimen ◽  
Taiwo Stephen Okanlawon ◽  
Augustine Ododo Osagie ◽  
Owen Norma Izevbigie
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Oxidative Process ◽  
Radical Species ◽  
Radical Chain ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Hydrophobic Nature ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanisms ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress characterized by an imbalance in the production and degradation of radical species has been implicated in the onset and progression of several diseases. The efficacy of antioxidants acting via the inhibition of radical chain reactions, scavenging of free radicals, direct donation of electrons to radical species and chelation of metal ions have been reported to attenuate the oxidative process. Vitamin E is an effective antioxidant and its hydrophobic nature and membrane permeability offer some benefits to application and bioavailability. This chapter highlights the following; structural differences in the vitamin family, biosynthesis in plants and the native biological role, antioxidant mechanisms of vitamin E, an overview of the prophylactic action of vitamin E as well as the effect on the oxidative process in some diseases.

scholarly journals Protein hydroperoxides can give rise to reactive free radicals

1995 ◽  
Vol 305 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Davies ◽  
S Fu ◽  
R T Dean
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Radical Anion ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Radical Species ◽  
Radical Chain ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Oxygen Yield ◽  
Rearrangement Processes

Proteins damaged by free-radical-generating systems in the presence of oxygen yield relatively long-lived protein hydroperoxides. These hydroperoxides have been shown by e.p.r. spectroscopy to be readily degraded to reactive free radicals on reaction with iron(II) complexes. Comparison of the observed spectra with those obtained with free amino acid hydroperoxides had allowed identification of some of the protein-derived radical species (including a number of carbon-centred radicals, alkoxyl radicals and a species believed to be the CO2 radical anion) and the elucidation of novel fragmentation and rearrangement processes involving amino acid side chains. In particular, degradation of hydroperoxide functions on the side chain of glutamic acid is shown to result in decarboxylation at the side-chain carboxy group via the formation of the CO2 radical anion; the generation of an identical radical from hydroperoxide groups on proteins suggests that a similar process occurs with these molecules. In a number of cases these fragmentation and rearrangement reactions give rise to further reactive free radicals (R., O2-./HO2., CO2-.) which may act as chain-carrying species in protein oxidations. These studies suggest that protein hydroperoxides are capable of initiating further radical chain reactions both intra- and inter-molecularly, and provide information on some of the fundamental mechanisms of protein alteration and side-chain fragmentation.

Evaluation of Salivary Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress Markers in Male Smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 496-501
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel ◽  
Parisa Falsafi ◽  
Hamidreza Abolsamadi ◽  
Mohammad T. Goodarzi ◽  
Jalal Poorolajal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: Cigarette smoke free radicals can cause cellular damage and different diseases. All the body fluids have antioxidants which protect against free radicals. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary total antioxidant capacity and peroxidase, uric acid and malondialdehyde levels in smokers and a nonsmoking control group. Methods: Unstimulated saliva was collected from 510 males. A total of 259 subjects were current smokers and 251 were non-smokers. The levels of salivary total antioxidant capacity, uric acid, peroxidase and malondialdehyde were measured using standard procedures. Data were analyzed with t test and ANOVA. Results: The smokers were younger and dental hygiene index was higher than healthy nonsmoking controls. The mean total antioxidant capacity in smokers and nonsmokers was 0.13±0.07 and 0.21±011, respectively (P=0.001). Smokers had significantly lower peroxidase and uric acid levels than healthy controls. In addition, the mean malondialdehyde levels in the smokers and nonsmokers were 4.55 ±2.61 and 2.79 ±2.21, respectively (P=0.001). Conclusion: Cigarette smoke produces free radical and oxidative stress, causing many side effects. Salivary antioxidant levels decreased and malondialdehyde levels increased in smokers, indicating the high oxidative stress among smokers compared to nonsmokers. Cigarette smoke had deleterious effects on main salivary antioxidants levels.

Relationship between atherogenic index and oxidative stress among patients presented with coronary artery disease in a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2807-2813
Author(s):  
Resmi C R ◽  
Kedari G S R ◽  
Deepa P K
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Lipid Parameters ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

CAD is recognized as a multifactorial disease that is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of lipid parameters, oxidative stress and antioxidant markers in subjects with CAD compared to their age & sex matched controls and to analyze the relationship between atherogenic Index and oxidative stress among them 62 clinically proved CAD patients and 62 healthy age and sex matched subjects without CAD were selected for this study. 5 ml of fasting venous blood was collected from all the subjects and investigations such as FPG, lipid profile, oxidative markers Malondialdehyde (MDA), F2 isoprostanes (F2iso) and antioxidants glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), vitamin-C, vitamin-E were performed. This study showed that levels of lipid parameters total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and AI were significantly higher whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were significantly low in CAD patients compared to normal controls. Oxidative stress markers MDA and F2 Isoprostanes level were significantly high, whereas enzymatic antioxidants GST and SOD and non-enzymatic antioxidants Vitamin-C and Vitamin-E levels were significantly low in CAD patients. Oxidative stress markers were found to significantly influence the AI. Results of this study showed that oxidative stress markers F2iso and MDA and antioxidants GST, VIT-C and VIT-E are found to influence the atherogenic index significantly.

scholarly journals Free Radicals, Metal Ions and Oxidative Stress: Chemical Mechanisms of Damage and Protection in Living Systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rotilio ◽  
L. Rossi ◽  
A. de Martino ◽  
Ana Maria da Costa Ferreira ◽  
M.R. Ciriolo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Chemical Mechanisms ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Role of vitamin E and oxidative stress in exercise

Nutrition ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 809-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Sacheck ◽  
Jeffrey B. Blumberg
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals In vitro toxic evaluation of two gliptins and their main impurities of synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila F. A. Giordani ◽  
Sarah Campanharo ◽  
Nathalie R. Wingert ◽  
Lívia M. Bueno ◽  
Joanna W. Manoel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
No Production ◽  
Mtt Reduction ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background The presence of impurities in some drugs may compromise the safety and efficacy of the patient’s treatment. Therefore, establishing of the biological safety of the impurities is essential. Diabetic patients are predisposed to tissue damage due to an increased oxidative stress process; and drug impurities may contribute to these toxic effects. In this context, the aim of this work was to study the toxicity, in 3 T3 cells, of the antidiabetic agents sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and their two main impurities of synthesis (S1 and S2; V1 and V2, respectively). Methods MTT reduction and neutral red uptake assays were performed in cytotoxicity tests. In addition, DNA damage (measured by comet assay), intracellular free radicals (by DCF), NO production, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψM) were evaluated. Results Cytotoxicity was observed for impurity V2. Free radicals generation was found at 1000 μM of sitagliptin and 10 μM of both vildagliptin impurities (V1 and V2). A decrease in NO production was observed for all vildagliptin concentrations. No alterations were observed in ΔψM or DNA damage at the tested concentrations. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the presence of impurities might increase the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress of the pharmaceutical formulations at the concentrations studied.

scholarly journals Association of metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress with ischemic heart disease in middle-aged persons

Medicina ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liucija Černiauskienė ◽  
Dalia Lukšienė ◽  
Abdonas Tamošiūnas ◽  
Regina Rėklaitienė ◽  
Lilija Margevičienė
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress with ischemic heart disease in middle-aged persons (men and women aged 45–64 years). Material and methods. In this study, we have used data of 533 persons (247 men and 286 women) aged 45– 64 years from Kaunas population cohort investigated according to WHO MONICA study protocol during 2001–2002 in whom concentrations of malondialdehyde, a marker of lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant vitamin E in blood serum were determined. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the criteria of Adult Treatment Panel III. Oxidative stress was determined in the presence of increased level of malondialdehyde (≥5 mmol/L) and decreased level of lipid-standardized vitamin E (<20 mmol/L). The levels of malondialdehyde and vitamin E were measured by fluorimetric methods. Results. Ischemic heart disease was diagnosed in 19.8% of men and 21.3% of women. The frequency of ischemic heart disease among persons (men and women) with metabolic syndrome was significantly higher than among persons without metabolic syndrome (27.4% vs. 17.8%, respectively; odds ratio, 1.63; P=0.032). The frequency of ischemic heart disease among persons with oxidative stress was significantly higher than among persons without oxidative stress (29.1% vs. 17.6%, respectively; odds ratio, 1.88; P=0.029). The highest prevalence of ischemic heart disease (30.0%) was among persons with metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress, and the lowest prevalence of this disease (13.8%) was among persons without metabolic syndrome and without oxidative stress (odds ratio, 2.54; P=0.017). These data were adjusted by sex and age. Conclusion. Metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress are significantly associated with ischemic heart disease among 45–64-year-old persons.

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