scholarly journals Oberammergau Pilot Action Region Mountain Forest Initiative (BWO)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Eisele ◽  
Roland Schreiber ◽  
Anne Stöger
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
State Government ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Participatory Process ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Alpine Space

Natural hazards caused by climate change pose a permanent threat to the inhabitants of the Alpine Space. In addition to technical protection measures, forests are very often the key to permanent and cost-effective protection against these hazards. In the Mountain Forest initiative (BWO) of the Bavarian state government, launched more than 10 years ago, suitable measures for the preservation of protective forest are discussed and, if possible, decided by consensus in on-site round tables with all involved interest groups. Only a functioning interaction between the different actors in the Alpine Space will contribute towards the set objective of integrating forests and ecosystem services in risk governance and balancing the numerous interests, demands and costs. Using the example of the Oberammergau Pilot Action Region (PAR), the process and implementation of the BWO is presented against a background of more than 10 years of experience. At the beginning, the identification of stakeholders and the overall goal and expectations of the participatory process (technical issues, trust and community building) is clarified. After a detailed actor analysis, the moderated participatory process is described.

Sustainable and environmentally friendly zinc coatings for protecting steel bridges in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. van Leeuwen ◽  
P. M. Gangé ◽  
B. Duran ◽  
F. Prenger
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Zinc Coating ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Steel Bridges ◽  
Metallic Zinc ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Paint Systems ◽  
Zinc Coatings

<p>Metallic zinc coatings are well established as cost-effective corrosion protection for steel bridges. The zinc coating acts first as barrier protection, isolating the base steel from corrosive elements, and secondly by cathodic protection, acting as a sacrificial anode to protect the steel should the coating be compromised. Bridge operators can be confronted by disproportional high maintenance costs for bridges in use as removal of (in)organic paint systems with hazardous and toxic compounds require expensive waste disposal and environmental protection measures. Metallic zinc coatings are recognized as environmentally friendly, sustainable, and low maintenance, providing the lowest life cycle cost corrosion protection. Various case studies with bridges protected with metallic zinc coatings in and outside Europe are illustrated.</p>

Improving E-Government Project Management

2012 ◽  
pp. 1314-1332
Author(s):  
Stephen K. Aikins
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
State Government ◽  
Portfolio Management ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
Government Project

E-government is becoming an enabler for better government through cost-effective and efficient service delivery, and can become a useful tool for effective governance, public administration, and public sector transformation. However, e-government projects are noted for many failures due to several reasons. These include inadequate planning, poor project management, lack of top management support, lack of stakeholder involvement, scope creep, etc. Dwelling on the project management literature as well as reviews of award winning e-government project and portfolio management best practices in a state government and a local utility district, this chapter concludes that e-government initiatives should adopt a more concrete project management methodology, align e-government goals with organizational strategic goals, develop project management competences, as well as understand and apply critical success factors to ensure the successful planning and implementation of e-government projects.

Improving E-Government Project Management

2011 ◽  
pp. 42-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen K. Aikins
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
State Government ◽  
Portfolio Management ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
Government Project

E-government is becoming an enabler for better government through cost-effective and efficient service delivery, and can become a useful tool for effective governance, public administration, and public sector transformation. However, e-government projects are noted for many failures due to several reasons. These include inadequate planning, poor project management, lack of top management support, lack of stakeholder involvement, scope creep, etc. Dwelling on the project management literature as well as reviews of award winning e-government project and portfolio management best practices in a state government and a local utility district, this chapter concludes that e-government initiatives should adopt a more concrete project management methodology, align e-government goals with organizational strategic goals, develop project management competences, as well as understand and apply critical success factors to ensure the successful planning and implementation of e-government projects.

scholarly journals Optical Camera Communications: Principles, Modulations, Potential and Challenges

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
Willy Anugrah Cahyadi ◽  
Yeon Ho Chung ◽  
Zabih Ghassemlooy ◽  
Navid Bani Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Visible Light Communications ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Optical Wireless Communications ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Technical Issues

Optical wireless communications (OWC) are emerging as cost-effective and practical solutions to the congested radio frequency-based wireless technologies. As part of OWC, optical camera communications (OCC) have become very attractive, considering recent developments in cameras and the use of fitted cameras in smart devices. OCC together with visible light communications (VLC) is considered within the framework of the IEEE 802.15.7m standardization. OCCs based on both organic and inorganic light sources as well as cameras are being considered for low-rate transmissions and localization in indoor as well as outdoor short-range applications and within the framework of the IEEE 802.15.7m standardization together with VLC. This paper introduces the underlying principles of OCC and gives a comprehensive overview of this emerging technology with recent standardization activities in OCC. It also outlines the key technical issues such as mobility, coverage, interference, performance enhancement, etc. Future research directions and open issues are also presented.

scholarly journals Static Digital Telepathology: A Model for Diagnostic and Educational Support to Pathologists in the Developing World

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyah R. Sohani ◽  
Moez A. Sohani
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Educational Support ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Static Images

Background: The practice of pathology in the developing world presents challenges in terms of limited resources, shortages of trained personnel, and lack of continuing education programs. Telepathology holds promise as a means of diagnostic and educational support.Methods: We donated multiheaded teaching microscopes equipped with digital cameras to four hospitals in Eastern Africa and trained local pathologists on their use. Static images of challenging cases were posted on a web-based telepathology platform. A U.S.-based pathologist reviewed images in consultation with subspecialist colleagues.Results: Over a period of 40 months, 109 cases were submitted for second opinion consultation, including 29 dermatopathology cases (26.6%), 14 hematopathology cases (12.8%), and 13 cases each (11.9%) in cytopathology and bone and soft tissue pathology. Static images enabled a complete or partial diagnosis in 100/109 cases (91.7%). Factors precluding a definitive diagnosis included absence of confirmatory immunophenotyping, technical issues, or lack of clinical history. Case responses included a diagnosis and discussion, including differential diagnosis, references, and treatment recommendations.Conclusion: Static digital telepathology is a simple, cost-effective, reliable and efficient means to provide diagnostic and educational support to pathologists in the developing world. Additional training may help overcome technical factors precluding a definitive diagnosis in certain cases.

scholarly journals Persistent effects of sand extraction on habitats and associated benthic communities in the German Bight

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finn Mielck ◽  
Rune Michaelis ◽  
H. Christian Hass ◽  
Sarah Hertel ◽  
Caroline Ganal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Successional Stage ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Sand Extraction

Abstract. Sea-level rise demands for protection measures of endangered coastlines crucial for the local population. At the island of Sylt in the SE North Sea, shoreline erosion is compensated by replenishment with sand dredged from an offshore excavation site. We studied the long-term effects of sand extraction on bathymetry, geomorphology, habitats, and benthic fauna. Hydroacoustic surveys revealed that changes of bathymetry and habitat characteristics caused by sand extraction can be still detected after > 35 years while the investigation of grab samples revealed persistent changes in sediment composition and benthic faunal composition. The comparison of recently dredged areas ( 10 years ago) and undisturbed sites exposed significant differences in the number of individuals and species of macrozoobenthic organisms as well as in the mud content, indicating a persistent successional stage of the communities in the dredged areas. The slow backfill of the dredging pits results from low ambient sediment availability and relatively calm hydrodynamic conditions, despite high wave energy during storms. Based on current sedimentation rates, we conclude that a complete backfill of the deep excavation sites and re-establishment of the benthic communities is likely to take centuries in this area. Since re-establishment of the benthic communities depends on previous re-establishment of habitat characteristics, habitat mapping with remote sensing techniques is suggested as a cost-effective means to monitor the state of regeneration.

scholarly journals BIOFUELS AS PROMISING FUELS

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladan Mićić ◽  
Pero Dugić ◽  
Zoran Petrović ◽  
Milorad Tomić
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Technical Issues

The use of fossil fuels results in global warming and pollution. In comparison with fossil fuels biofuels represent an eco-friendly, biodegradable, sustainable, cost-competitive and promising alternative energy source. They contain high energy content and do not contribute to greenhouse effect. Therefore, using cheap or renewable resources as the feedstock for biofuels production has a great potential in terms of a major contribution to future energy supply. The production and use of biofuels is already well established and a further promotion of these fuels such as lipid biofuels (bioethanol, pure plant oils and biodiesel) and gas biofuels (biomethane, biohydrogen) mainly depends on non-technical issues, such as policies and cost–effectiveness. Biofuels will definitely stay for the foreseeable future and still can continue to provide the earth and the human population with a relatively clean source of energy with several benefits such as economic benefits of providing employment and health benefits of reduced carbon emissions, leading to cleaner air. With increasing sophistication of technology and intense research and development done, one can safely infer that biofuel will become more appealing and applicable for use on a globally commercial level. As such, biofuel is acknowledged as the Earth’s future energy source. Until a newer and cleaner energy source is discovered, scientists will definitely persist in researching and enhancing biofuels to make them more cost-effective, while still being environmentally friendly.

scholarly journals Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja: Berbaju Pancasila, Bernapas Kolonial

ADALAH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashuril Anwar ◽  
Rini Fathonah
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
State Government ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Western Values

Abstract: The influence of Western values and ideology has infiltrated Indonesia's national legal instruments through deregulations which appear to always be in favor of the investor interest groups. This can of course be seen from the various laws made to protect the interests of capital owners, one of which is Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation (Job Creation Law). Based on the reasons for considering it, the Job Creation Law was formed to realize the goal of forming the Indonesian state government and to create a prosperous, just, and prosperous society based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. However, if we look closely, the considerations for the formation of the Job Creation Law tend to be economical, not welfare. Keywords: Pancasila, Colonial, Job Creation Act Abstrak: Pengaruh nila-nilai dan ideologi Barat telah meringsek masuk dalam instrumen-instrumen hukum nasional Indonesia melalui deregulasi-deregulasi yang tampak selalu berpihak kepada kelompok kepentingan pemodal. Hal Ini tentunya dapat dilihat dari berbagai  undang-undang yang dibuat untuk melindungi kepentingan pemilik modal, salah satunya Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja (UU Cipta Kerja). Berdasarkan alasan menimbangnya, UU Cipta kerja dibentuk untuk mewujudkan tujuan pembentukan pemerintah negara Indonesia dan mewujudkan masyarakat yang sejahtera, adil, dan makmur berdasarkan Pancasila dan UUD 1945. Namun apabila dicermati lebih lanjut, pertimbangan pembentukan UU Cipta Kerja ini cenderung ekonomisentris, bukan kesejahteraan. Kata Kunci: Pancasila, Kolonial, Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja

Judicial Elections

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gibson ◽  
Michael J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
State Government ◽  
The United States ◽  
Television Advertising ◽  
Institutional Legitimacy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Judicial Elections ◽  
High Profile

Most judges in the United States retain their judgeships through periodic popular elections. In recent years, these judicial elections have become more salient, with high-profile television advertising becoming commonplace. This chapter discusses the effects of judicial elections, particularly in an age of salient campaigning, on the choices judges make. It reviews existing findings about the influences other institutions of state government, interest groups, and the public have on judges, before discussing the effects of high-profile judicial elections on the information available to voters and the institutional legitimacy of the judiciary. Throughout, the chapter discusses the normative controversies inherent in the use of judicial elections as well as potentially fruitful avenues for future inquiry.

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