scholarly journals Serological Monitoring for Leptospira Spp. and Monitoring of Productive and Reproductive Indices on Dairy Farm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Temer Jamas ◽  
Rodrigo Rhoden Barcellos ◽  
Carlos Roberto Padovani ◽  
Cassiano Victória ◽  
Helio Langoni
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Herd Milk ◽  
Production Animals

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. It has a worldwide distribution with greater occurrence in tropical and subtropical countries. It is endemic in Brazil. It affects domestic, wild and production animals. The goal of this study was to assess dairy herd productive and reproductive indexes on a monthly basis by serologically monitoring the infection dynamics on two experimental groups: one with animals with negative results at study onset (G-1) and another with animals tested positive for at least one leptospira serovar (G-2). The serum microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was employed. Animals with titer equal to or greater than 100 IU were considered reactive. Animals were evaluated for productive and reproductive indexes based on data provided by the dairy’s IT system. Blood was collected from all animals in both groups once a month for nine months. Analysis showed interference between animals seroreactive to leptospirosis and both milk production and number of pregnancies for G-2 at collection moments 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9 whereas for G-1 the same indexes showed decrease only in the 5th and 9th study months. The most prevalent serovars were Hardjoprajitino 59.5%, Pyrogenes 21.04%, Pomona 11.07%, Wollfi 11.07%, Hardjo 8.78%, Guaricura 6.55%, Copenhageni 5.09%, Icterohaemorrhagiae 1.11%, and Ctg 0.83%. Serovar Hardjoprajitino showed a relationship with herd milk production decrease.

scholarly journals Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and its effects on milk production in Red Chittagong cattle

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Rahman ◽  
MA Samad
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Immunochromatographic Assay ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Positive Results

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is one of the most prevalent economically important zoonotic diseases and tuberculin test has been widely used to detect its prevalence worldwide. This study used a commercial immunochromatographic assay (ICGA) to detect the prevalence of bTB and to evaluate the differences in milk production between lactating cows with positive and negative results in Bangladesh. Thirty Red Chittagong (indigenous) cattle (RCC) were randomly selected from a herd of 87 RCC maintained at the Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm (BAUDF), Mymensingh during the period from March to July 2008, of which 30% cattle showed positive reaction to bTB. Of the 30 tested cattle, 35.29% (6/17) lactating cows, 20.0% (1/5) non-lactating pregnant cows, 33.33% (1/3) weaned calves and 20.0% (1/5) unweaned calves showed positive reaction to bTB. The detection of bTB in two calves and their respective mother cows indicates the possible transmission of TB organism through their colostrums / milk. Of the 17 lactating cows, 6 cows had positive and 11 had negative results to bTB. Cows with positive results produced less milk ( mean 1.29 litre / day / cow ) in comparison to cows with negative test ( mean 1.57 litre / day/ cow ) results which appeared as 17.83% reduction of milk production. Further study on the mastitis with or without bTB and its effect on milk production require data of more herds for conclusion of these results. Key words: Red Chittagong cattle, bovine tuberculosis, immunochromatographic assay, milk production doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2332 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (2): 175-178

Mycobacterium tuberculosisexposure of livestock in a German dairy farm: implications forintra vitamdiagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in an officially tuberculosis-free country

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 724-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. EISENBERG ◽  
A. NESSELER ◽  
C. SAUERWALD ◽  
U. KLING ◽  
K. RIßE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Caseous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
North Western

SUMMARYGermany has been an officially bovine tuberculosis (bTB)-free (OTF) country since 1996. Gradually rising numbers of bTB herd incidents due toMycobacterium bovisandM. capraein North-Western and Southern Germany during the last few years prompted the competent authorities to conduct a nationwide bTB survey in 2013/2014. This led to the detection of a dairy herd in which as many as 55 cattle reacted positively to consecutiveintra vitamtesting. Test-positive animals lacked visible lesions indicative of bTB at necropsy. Extensive mycobacterial culturing as well as molecular testing of samples from 11 tissues for members of theM. tuberculosiscomplex (MTC) yielded negative results throughout. However, caseous lymphadenitis of Ln. mandibularis accessorius was observed during meat inspection of a fattening pig from the same farm at regular slaughter at that time. Respective tissue samples tested MTC positive by polymerase chain reaction, andM. tuberculosisT1 family were identified by spoligotyping. Four human reactors within the farmer's family were also found to be immunoreactive. As exposure of livestock toM. tuberculosisis not generally considered, its impact may result in regulatory and practical difficulties when using protocols designed to detect classical bTB, particularly in OTF countries.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the development of milk production in Lithuania after milk quota abolition

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 890-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deiva Mikelionytė ◽  
Ingrida Lukošiutė ◽  
Laura Petrauskaitė-Senkevič
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Following the decision to abolish the EU milk quotas in 2015, it is relevant to predict how it will influence the milk production, what changes need to be prepared for. For this purpose, there are plenty of scientific studies done, which evaluated the impact of milk quota abolition on EU. Scientists admit that for more accurate predictions, it is necessary to evaluate the changes in each country separately. Such studies haven’t been carried out in case of Lithuania. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors that will have the greatest impact on the development of the milk production in Lithuania after the removal of milk quotas, considering Lithuanian milk production specifics. In order to achieve the target of study, the analysis of other authors’ studies about the impact of milk quota abolition in EU milk sector were analysed. The study was based on logical, systematic analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, correlation analysis. In this paper the factors that have the greatest influence on the future development of Lithuanian milk production after milk quota abolition are identified. They are demand and supply, amount of milk production quotas limiting, size of dairy herd, cow productivity, self-sufficiency in feed, profitability, size of dairy farm, state support, self-sufficiency in capabilities of processing and foreign trade, changes in neighbouring countries dairy sectors.

scholarly journals Effects of Calving Body Condition Score on Blood Acid–Base Balance of Primiparous Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows in a Commercial Dairy Farm: A Case Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2075
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Muiño ◽  
Joaquín Hernández ◽  
José L. Benedito ◽  
Cristina Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Condition Score

The study was carried out on 27 healthy primiparous Holstein heifers (620 ± 50 kg) kept in a commercial dairy herd. The animals were divided into two groups taking into account the body condition score (BCS) index: BCS < 3.5, n = 12; BCS > 3.5 n = 15. The study period started one month before calving (BC), and ran until one month after calving (AC). Venous blood samples were collected 1 month and 1 week BC, and 1 week and 1 month AC. This study had two objectives: (i) to assess whether a higher or lower BCS affected total milk production and its quality; (ii) to assess changes in the internal fluid (venous pH; partial pressure of CO2, ppCO2; bicarbonate; total CO2, TCO2; base excess, BE; electrolytes Na+, K+, Cl−; and anion gap, AG) that occur during this phase depending on the BCS. We can conclude that the BCS at calving does not affect the productive status during lactation, both in terms of the quantity and quality of milk produced. The excess of crude protein (CP) added through the ration in the lactation phase can trigger a tendency to an alkalotic state, in this case compensated by respiratory buffering mechanisms, as reflected by the TCO2. The changes in electrolytes are a reflection of the movement of free water for milk production, where a balance between measurable anions and cations is observed.

scholarly journals Effects of subclinical bovine leukemia virus infection on some production parameters in a dairy farm in southern Turkey

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kale ◽  
O. Bulut ◽  
O. Yapkic ◽  
M.S. Gulay ◽  
F. Pehlivanoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Southern Turkey ◽  
Daily Milk Production

Some production parameters of seropositive cows (age, first calving age, 305 day mature equivalent last milk yield production, lifetime mature equivalent milk yield production, lifetime total milk production, lifetime total milking period, lifetime monthly milk production, lifetime daily milk production, lifetime total days of milking, number of inseminations per pregnancy (for last pregnancy), number of calves and calving interval (for last pregnancy)) were analysed in the current study. The study population was clinically healthy Holstein cows from a commercial dairy herd in southern Turkey. Of 109 animals, 65 cows were seropositive by ELISA and the prevalence of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection was 59.6 %. The prevalence of seropositive cows in 2nd (62.8 %), 3rd (64.7 %), 4th (61.5 %), and 5th (66.6 %) lactations was slightly higher than that of cows in 1st (52.6 %) lactations. No statistical differences were observed between BLV seronegative and seropositive cows for production and reproduction parameters analysed in this study (P > 0.05).

Evaluation of milk urea concentrations and their relationship with milk production, rumen degradable proteins imbalance, and cow’s fertility in a dairy farm in Haouz, central Morocco

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Munyaneza ◽  
Y. EI Hachimi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Feeding Diets

The effect of some factors on relationships between milk urea concentrations, milk production, negative OEB diet and fertility of 74 cows were analyzed. Diets were calculated using the French PDI system and SPSS 20 package was used for statistical analysis. Milk urea concentrations ranged from 31.7± 1.6 mg/dl in low-producing cows (17.3 ± 2.3 kg milk) to 32.3 ±2.0 mg/dl in high-producing cows (25.1 ± 4.4 kg milk). The increase of milk urea concentrations was found to increase interval between calving and conception (p less than 0.00), number of inseminations per conception (p less than 0.01) and interval between two successive calvings (p less than 0.00). Increasing of urea in milk in relation with feeding diets characterized by negative OEB might decrease milk production and fertility in dairy herd. Therefore, dairy breeders may find it advantageous to monitor milk urea, which could help to improve nutritional status and cow’s fertility.

scholarly journals The Effect of Herd Milk Production on Scoring Dairy Herd Improvement Performance Measures

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Pecsok ◽  
B.J. Conlin ◽  
G.R. Steuernagel ◽  
M.L. McGilliard
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Herd Milk

Sources and uses of information on a West Coast dairy farm

2002 ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
C. Van der Geest
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Nitrogen Response ◽  
Directional Information

I am a 30-year-old sharemilker on my parent's 600 cow developing farm near Blackball on the western side of the Grey Valley. Earlier this year I competed in the National Young Farmer of the Year competition and finished a close third. So what is information? There are two types of information that I use. There is data gathered from my farm to help fine tune the running of the day to day operations on the farm And directional information This is the information that arrives in papers and directs the long-term direction and plans of the farm and farming businesses. Due to the variability in weather on the Coast there is a greater need to monitor and adjust the farming system compared to an area like Canterbury. This was shown last year (2001/02) when the farm was undergoing a rapid period of development and I was under time restraints from increasing the herd size, building a new shed as well as developing the farm. The results of the time pressure was that day to day information gathering was lower resulting in per cow production falling by 11% or around $182 per cow. So what information was lacking that caused this large drop in profit. • Pasture growth rates • Cow condition • Nitrogen requirements • Paddock performance • Milk production • Pre-mating heat detection As scientists and advisers I hear you say that it is the farmer's responsibility to gather and analyse this information. You have the bigger topics to research and discover, gene marking, improving pasture species, sexing of sperm and ideas that I have not even contemplated yet. This is indeed very valuable research. Where would farming be without the invention of electric fences, artificial breeding and nitrogen research? But my problem is to take a farm with below average production to the top 10% in production with the existing technology and farming principles. I have all the technical information I need at the end of a phone. I can and do ring my consultant, fertiliser rep, vet, neighbour and due to the size and openness of New Zealand science, at present if they do not know I can ring an expert in agronomy, nutrition, soils and receive the answer that I require. I hope that this openness remains as in a time of privatisation and cost cutting it is a true advantage. I feel that for myself the next leap in information is not in the growing of grass or production of milk but in the tools to collect, store and utilise that information. This being tied to a financial benefit to the farming business is the real reason that I farm. Think of the benefits of being able to read pasture cover on a motorbike instantly downloaded, overlaying cow intake with milk production, changes in cow weight, daily soil temperature and predicted nitrogen response. Telling me low producing cows and poor producing paddocks, any potential feed deficits or surpluses. This would be a powerful information tool to use. The majority of this information is already available but until the restraints of time and cost are removed from data gathering and storage, this will not happen.

Effects of feeding peas to high-producing dairy cows

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Corbett ◽  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
E. K. Okine
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Nutrient Analyses ◽  
Protein Milk

The effect of substituting peas for soybean and canola meals as a protein source in a high-producing dairy herd was studied in 66 Holstein cows, divided into two groups based on stage of lactation, parity, level of milk production and days in milk. Two 18.5% crude protein grain concentrate diets were formulated based on the nutrient analyses of the forages available. The control grain mix contained standard protein sources, principally soybean and canola meal (SBM\CM) while the test grain mix was formulated to contain approximately 25% field peas as the major source of protein. Both grain rations were formulated to the same nutrient specifications and balanced for undegradable protein. The duration of the trial was 6 mo during which grain feeding levels were adjusted monthly based on milk yield. For cows in early lactation, 4% fat-corrected milk yield was higher (P < 0.05) for cows fed pea based concentrates (31.3 kg d−1) than for cows fed SBM\CM supplement (29.7 kg d−1). Fat-corrected milk yield was not affected by source of protein in mid- and late-lactation cows. Fat-corrected milk production was not different (P > 0.05) for cows fed SBM\CM compared with cows fed the pea supplement when cows across all stages of lactation were included in the analyses. Milk fat percent was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for early- and mid-lactation cows fed the pea supplement. The results suggest that peas can be substituted for SBM\CM as a protein source for high-producing dairy cows. Key words: Dairy cow, pea, soybean and canola meal supplement, undegradable protein, milk production

The importance of breeding along the lines cattle of dairy breeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
N. A. Popov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Foreign Gene ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Line Breeding ◽  
Herd Milk ◽  
Isolation Systems

The aspects of reasonableness in developing the line breeding strategy at the current status stage of dairy breeds and its significance as a factor for genetic variability have been reported. The value for milk production of the first-calf heifers within the line-bred pedigree Red-and-White cattle is estimated. Particular characteristics of the progeny produced from mating in the inbred and crossbred lines are recorded. The lower trait variability of traits was found with selecting within the crossbred lines than that in the inbred lines. Thus, the variables for the milk yield, the mass fraction of fat (MFF) in milk, and the mass fraction of protein (MFP) were less by 4–13% of the mean square deviation, 11,3–20,6%, and 14,3%, respectively. Livestock breed differentiation between the breeding lines was previously executed with the artificial elements of isolation systems. At present, the breeds widely distributed in the Russian Federation are usually “improved” with the use of Holsteins. Therefore, their genealogy and breeding structures depend on the foreign gene pool. Selection strategies for the improvement of milkability traits were implemented along with selection of bull sires capable of improving the conformation. In addition, certain herd bulls were used repeatadly. The variables for genetic values for milkability traits, which changed over time, were monitored. The herd milk production within the lines over a generation increased by 624–786 kg milk (P<0,001), while the MFF deacresed by 0,18–0,25% (P<0,001). Depending on the types of breeding, the differences in the milk yields and the MFF of the first-calf heifers between the lines comprised 178–444 kg (P<0,001) and +0.01%, respectively. However, a statistically significant difference between the lines was recorded only for the MFP, which comprised 0,03% (P<0,001).

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