scholarly journals Dermatoscopy of Facial Non-Pigmented Actinic Keratosis and Intraepidermal Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alise Balcere
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Actinic Keratosis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Surrounding Skin ◽  
Pigmented Actinic Keratosis

Dermatoscopy improves the diagnostic accuracy of non-pigmented facial lesions, including actinic keratosis (AK) and intraepidermal carcinoma (IEC) and helps to differentiate them from common invasive malignancies such as basal cell carcinoma and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The most common dermatoscopic features characterizing AK are background erythema/erythematous pseudonetwork, white follicular openings/targetoid hair follicles, surface scales, rosettes, fine, linear, wavy vessels, microerosions and sun-damaged surrounding skin. In comparison, the most common dermatoscopic features of IEC are background erythema, red starburst pattern, surface scale, dotted/glomerular vessels, hairpin vessels, microerosions/ulcerations and targetoid hair follicles. The practice of recognizing these features in dermatoscopic images is a useful tool in the armamentarium of a clinician examining skin lesions.

scholarly journals What should a cosmetologist know about dermatological lesions on the face?

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Klaudia Rubas ◽  
Joanna Maj
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Actinic Keratosis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Seborrheic Keratoses

In everyday practice, cosmetologists often observe abnormalities on the facial skin of his or her clients. Facial lesions have a diverse clinical picture, although most are benign. However, some lesions may be malignant and demand fast diagnosis and treatment. Among benign lesions are xanthomas, epidermal cysts, milia and seborrheic keratoses. Xanthomas are usually localized on the eyelids and often coexist with dyslipidemia. They appear clinically as yellowish papules that vary in size. Epidermal cysts are the most common type of skin cyst. They typically occur on the head and neck, and usually affect young adults in their 20s. Milia are common skin lesions that are typically numerous in presence and appear as small-sized sebaceous papules. Seborrheic keratoses are another important type of lesion that are localized on the face and may be disturbing for clients. These are benign tumors that usually appear in individuals over 50 years of age and have an incidence that rises with age. Typically, they are brown in color but they can also be other colors including black, yellow, grey or bluish. Other skin changes include basal cell carcinoma, actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma and lentiginous malignant melanoma. Basal cell carcinoma is a slow-growing, locally malignant epithelial cancer of the skin. This cancer presents mainly in areas exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Actinic keratosis is a pre-cancerous lesion that is associated with UV radiation. It predisposes to squamous cell carcinoma and other skin cancers rarely. In contrast to basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma may cause metastases with high mortality. Melanoma on the head and face usually takes the form of a lentiginous malignant melanoma. This manifests clinically as a brown spot that slowly grows centrifugally. Melanomas vary in size and color. Dermoscopy is an important tool that may help during diagnosis of facial lesions. Given the severe consequences of some skin lesions, it is very important for cosmetologists to have knowledge of the conditions described above. This is because he or she is often the first person who can persuade the client to undergo further diagnosis.

scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography of Peri-Ocular Skin Cancers: An Optical Biopsy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sabrina Bergeron ◽  
Bryan Arthurs ◽  
Debra-Meghan Sanft ◽  
Christina Mastromonaco ◽  
Miguel N. Burnier Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Sebaceous Carcinoma ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Oct Imaging

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging has been used as a diagnostic tool for retinal disease for several years, and OCT apparatuses are becoming increasingly powerful. However, OCT has yet to reach its full potential in ophthalmology clinics. Alike retinal layers, it has been shown that OCT is able to generate cross-sectional images of the skin and allows visualization of skin lesions in a histopathology-like manner. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> We aim to validate OCT as an imaging modality for peri-ocular skin cancer. Through a series of cases, we highlight findings for 3 common eyelid malignancies: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and sebaceous carcinoma. We propose an OCT image-based signature for basal cell carcinoma. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a prospective study. Fifty-eight lesions suspicious of malignancy from 57 patients were subjected to OCT imaging prior to the surgical excision of the lesion. OCT images were analysed and scored according to previously identified OCT features. Eight representative examples are presented, highlighting the OCT patterns for each malignancy side by side to its corresponding histopathological sections. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Out of the 58 lesions analysed, 53 were malignant. A loss of the dermal-epidermal junction is observed in all malignant lesions. A strong link is observed between the presence of subepithelial hyporeflective nests on OCT and the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (present in 83% of cases). Conversely, lesions of epithelial origin such as squamous cell carcinoma are most often represented on OCT by acanthosis. Two supplementary cases, one basal cell carcinoma and one sebaceous carcinoma, are provided to illustrate how OCT imaging is a valuable tool in cases where clinical observations may be unusual. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We provide evidence supporting the use of OCT for the evaluation of peri-ocular cancers. OCT enables visualization of the skin layers in vivo, before biopsy. Our results show that certain OCT features can contribute to include or exclude a diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma. By integrating this non-invasive imaging methodology into the routine assessment of peri-ocular skin lesions, especially in health care centres where access to specialists is limited, OCT imaging can increase clinical precision, reduce delays in patient referral and enhance patient care.

Erosive pustulöse Dermatose der Kopfhaut: häufig übersehen und selten diagnostiziert

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-22
Author(s):  
Markus Braun-Falco
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Actinic Keratosis ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Uncommon Disease ◽  
First Time

Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp (EPDS) is an uncommon disease and primarily affects older men who have photodamaged bald scalp, as was confirmed by our case series. EPDS is probably an overlooked disease, whose diagnosis is often missed because of a higher incidence of other cutaneous diseases affecting the same area and usually secondary to chronic actinic damage, such as actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. For the first time, we report a case series of misdiagnosed EPDS with the aim of understanding why a diagnosis of EPDS was initially missed and try to give some tips to avoid future diagnostic delay.

scholarly journals Mice with a Targeted Mutation of Patched2 Are Viable but Develop Alopecia and Epidermal Hyperplasia

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 6609-6622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Nieuwenhuis ◽  
Jun Motoyama ◽  
Paul C. Barnfield ◽  
Yoshiaki Yoshikawa ◽  
Xiaoyun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Epidermal Hyperplasia ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities

ABSTRACT Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays pivotal roles in tissue patterning and development in Drosophila melanogaster and vertebrates. The Patched1 (Ptc1) gene, encoding the Hh receptor, is mutated in nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, a human genetic disorder associated with developmental abnormalities and increased incidences of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and medulloblastoma (MB). Ptc1 mutations also occur in sporadic forms of BCC and MB. Mutational studies with mice have verified that Ptc1 is a tumor suppressor. We previously identified a second mammalian Patched gene, Ptc2, and demonstrated its distinct expression pattern during embryogenesis, suggesting a unique role in development. Most notably, Ptc2 is expressed in an overlapping pattern with Shh in the epidermal compartment of developing hair follicles and is highly expressed in the developing limb bud, cerebellum, and testis. Here, we describe the generation and phenotypic analysis of Ptc2 tm1/tm1 mice. Our molecular analysis suggests that Ptc2 tm1 likely represents a hypomorphic allele. Despite the dynamic expression of Ptc2 during embryogenesis, Ptc2 tm1/tm1 mice are viable, fertile, and apparently normal. Interestingly, adult Ptc2 tm1/tm1 male animals develop skin lesions consisting of alopecia, ulceration, and epidermal hyperplasia. While functional compensation by Ptc1 might account for the lack of a strong mutant phenotype in Ptc2-deficient mice, our results suggest that normal Ptc2 function is required for adult skin homeostasis.

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