scholarly journals Biotechnological Potentials of Microbe Assisted Eco-Recovery of Crude Oil Impacted Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chioma Bertha Ehis-Eriakha ◽  
Stephen Eromosele Akemu ◽  
Simon Obgaji Otumala ◽  
Chinyere Augusta Ajuzieogu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Enzymatic Systems ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Challenging Situation ◽  
Contamination Concentration

Globally, the environment is facing a very challenging situation with constant influx of crude oil and its derivatives due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. The release of this essential energy source has caused tremendous consequences on land, water, groundwater, air and biodiversity. Crude oil is a very complex and variable mixture of thousands of individual compounds that can be degraded with microbes with corresponding enzymatic systems harboring the genes. With advances in biotechnology, bioremediation has become one of the most rapidly developing fields of environmental restoration, utilizing microorganisms to reduce the concentration and toxicity of various chemical pollutants, such as petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalate esters, nitroaromatic compounds and industrial solvents. Different remediation methods have been introduced and applied with varied degrees of success in terms of reduction in contamination concentration without considering ecotoxicity and restoration of biodiversity. Researchers have now developed methods that consider ecotoxicology, environmental sustainability and ecorestoration in remediation of crude oil impacted sites and they are categorized as biotechnological tools such as bioremediation. The approach involves a natural process of microorganisms with inherent genetic capabilities completely mineralizing/degrading contaminants into innocuous substances. Progressive advances in bioremediation such as the use of genetically engineered microbes have become an improved system for empowering microbes to degrade very complex recalcitrant substances through the modification of rate-limiting steps in the metabolic pathway of hydrocarbon degrading microbes to yield increase in mineralization rates or the development of completely new metabolic pathways incorporated into the bacterial strains for the degradation of highly persistent compounds. Other areas discussed in this chapter include the biosurfactant-enhanced bioremediation, microbial and plant bioremediation (phytoremediation), their mechanism of action and the environmental factors influencing the processes.

scholarly journals Optimization of bioremediation-cocktail for application in the eco-recovery of crude oil polluted soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Agbaji ◽  
Eucharia O. Nwaichi ◽  
Gideon O. Abu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
P Value ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Poultry Droppings

Background: Environmental sustainability is the driver for finding the optimal bioremediation cocktail with the combination of highly potent hydrocarbonoclastic strains and the nutrient additives that significantly enhance mineralization of crude oil in polluted soil in order to mitigate its deleterious effects on the environment. In this study, four hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial strains were pre-selected from mined rhizobacterial isolates in aged crude oil-contaminated soil.  Method: Agrowaste residues of poultry-droppings, corn chaff, and plantain peel were selected among others for their ability to support high biomass of selected bacterial strains. Baseline proximate analysis was performed on the agrowaste residues. Simplified, one variable at a time (OVAT) was employed in the validation of the variables for optimization using the Multivariate analysis tool of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). To test the significant formulation variables, the Box-Behnken approach using 15 runs design was adopted. Results:  The rate of contaminant removal was observed to fit into a quadratic function. For optimal rate or contaminant removal, the fitted model predicted the optimal formulation cocktail condition to be within 0.54 mg/kg (Corn steep liquor), phosphate 137.49 mg/kg (poultry droppings) and 6.4% inocula for initial TPH of 9744 mg kg-1 and THC of 9641 mg kg-1 contaminant level. The model for the application of the bioremediation product and the variables evaluated had a significant p-value < 0.005 for the attainment of 85 to 96 % of TPH and THC removal after 56 days of treatment. Conclusions:  This study has shown the need to harness the abundant agrowaste nutrients in supporting high throughput rhizobacteria in the formulation of a bioremediation agent suitable for use in the reclamation of oil spill sites in the Niger Delta oil-producing region.

scholarly journals Effective Removal of Alkanes and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Bacteria from Soil Chronically Exposed to Crude Petroleum Oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Afkar ◽  
Aly M. Hafez ◽  
Rashid I.H. Ibrahim ◽  
Munirah Aldayel
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract In this study, two bacterial strains isolated from an oil-contaminated soil, designated as AramcoS2 and AramcoS4 were able to degrade crude oil, long-chain n-alkanes of C10 to C20; (n-decane, n-undecane, n-dodecane, n-tridecane, n-tetradecane, n-pentadecane, n-hexadecane, n-heptadecane, n-octadecane n-nonadecane, and n-eicosane) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including biphenyl, naphthalene, and anthracene. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was conducted to analyze and identify the crude oil residues after biodegradation. AramcoS2 and AramcoS4 were able to reduce the concentration of long-chain n-alkanes of C10-C20 efficiently on average by 77% of the original concentration. Both isolates could also degrade PAHs on average by 67% of the original concentration within 7 and 14 days of incubation at 30ºC, pH=6.8±0.2. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of AramcoS2 and S4 classified these isolates as Actinobacteria; well-known alkanes and PAHs degraders. The nucleotide sequences of AramcoS2 and AramcoS4 were submitted to the GenBank database under the accession numbers MN142506 and MN142551, respectively. Both isolates can be used to restore the environments contaminated with crude oil components. They should be of great practical significance both in bioremediation of soil contaminated with crude oil and bio-treatment of oil spills on surface water.

scholarly journals Sustainable development and enhancement of cracking processes using metallic composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abimbola G. Olaremu ◽  
Williams R. Adedoyin ◽  
Odunayo T. Ore ◽  
Adedapo O. Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Catalytic Support ◽  
Structural Improvement ◽  
Metallic Composites

AbstractMetallic composites represent a vital class of materials that has gained increased attention in crude oil processing as well as the production of biofuel from other sources in recent times. Several catalytic materials have been reported in the literature for catalytic cracking, particularly, of crude oil. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of existing and emerging methods/technologies such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), metal–matrix composites (MMCs), and catalytic support materials, to bridge information gaps toward sustainable advancement in catalysis for petrochemical processes. There is an increase in industrial and environmental concern emanating from the sulphur levels of oils, hence the need to develop more efficient catalysts in the hydrotreatment (HDS and HDN) processes, and combating the challenge of catalyst poisoning and deactivation; in a bid to improving the overall quality of oils and sustainable use of catalyst. Structural improvement, high thermal stability, enhanced cracking potential, and environmental sustainability represent the various benefits accrued to the use of metallic composites as opposed to conventional catalysts employed in catalytic cracking processes.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of clayey soil contaminated with crude oil: comparison of dynamic and static biopiles in lab-scale

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Antonio Lopes ◽  
Graciane Silva ◽  
Marcia Marques ◽  
Sérgio Machado Correa
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Forced Aeration ◽  
Total Fungi ◽  
Technological Options

Bioremediation of aged and newly clayey soil contaminated with crude oil was investigated in lab-scale using two different strategies (biostimulation-BIOS and bioaugmentation-BIOA), also simulating two different technological options: dynamic biopile (M) and static biopile with forced aeration (B). The inoculum used for bioaugmentation was obtained from the aged contaminated soil. The treatments were performed in triplicates and included one control (original contaminated soil-CONT). The treatments were monitored with soil sampling obtained after 0, 24, 59 and 121 days when the populations of total heterotrophic microorganism (THM), total fungi (TF), and oil-degrading microorganism (ODM) as well as the extracted total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) prioritized by U.S. EPA were analyzed by gas chromatography. It was observed a trend for reduction of the microbial population density from 0 to 121 days. As expected, the population densities of THM and ODM were much higher in bio-augmented soils in both technologies (BIOA-m and BIOA-b) at day 0. However, after 121 days, the superiority in THM density was observed only in the bioreactor simulating static biopile with forced aeration (BIOA-b). Regarding treatment efficiency, the static biopile with forced aeration performed better in the removal of TPH when associated with bioaugmentation (BIOA-b), being equivalent to the microcosms (simulating dynamic biopile) for the other treatments (CONT and BIOS). For PAH, the superiority of the bioreactor was less conspicuous but observed in both bioremediation strategies (biostimulation BIOS-b and bioaugmentation BIOA-b). The results suggested that regarding TPH, the strategy of bioaugmentation was superior to biostimulation and that the bioreactor (simulating static biopile with forced aeration) reached better contaminant reductions than the microcosm (simulating dynamic biopile). Clayey soil contaminated with crude oil poses big challenges for the bioremediation, due to the texture of the soil favouring adsorption of organic contaminants and due to the complex crude oil composition. The bioprocesses are slow, cleavage of larger molecules are likely to generate smaller hydrocarbons and therefore the elimination of the toxicity is very slow, which may require longer periods and auxiliary tools, such as surfactants.

scholarly journals Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol isolated from crude oil contaminated soil in Mexico that can degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and its whole genome sequence analyzed

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temidayo O Elufisan ◽  
Isabel C Rodríguez-Luna ◽  
Omotayo O Oyedara ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez-Varela ◽  
Armando Hernandez Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Background: Stenotrophomonas are ubiquitous gram-negative bacteria which survive in a wide range of environments. They can use many substances for their growth and are known to be intrinsically resistant to many antimicrobial agents. They have been tested for biotechnological applications, bioremediation and antimicrobial agents because of their recalcitrant nature to many toxic compounds. Method. Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol was isolated from a crude oil contaminated soil. The capability of this isolate to tolerate and degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (anthracene, anthraquinone, biphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, phenanthridine and xylene) was evaluated on Bush Nell Hass medium containing PAHs as the unique carbon sources. The metabolites formed after 30-day degradation of naphthalene by Pemsol were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopic (FTIR), Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results. Complete degradation of naphthalene at a concentration of 1 mg/mL was obtained and a newly formed catechol peak obtained from the UPLC-MS and GC-MS confirmed the degradation. The strain Pemsol lacked the ability to produce biosurfactant so that it cannot bio-emulsify PAHs. The whole genome analysis of Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol revealed a wealth of genes for hydrocarbon utilization and interaction with the environment and the presence of 147 genes associated with the degradation of PAHs, some of which are strain-specific on the genomic islands. Few genes are associated with bio-emulsification indicated that Pemsol without biosurfactant production has a genetic basis. This is the first report of the complete genome analysis sequence of a PAH-degrading Stenotrophomonas. Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol possesses features that makes it a good bacterium for genetic engineering and will therefore be a good tool for the remediation of crude oil or PAH-contaminated soil.

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