scholarly journals Bladder Cancer Variant Histologies: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Ramos ◽  
Pedro Pereira ◽  
Paulo Dinis ◽  
Luís Pacheco-Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Prognostic Implications ◽  
Altered Cell ◽  
Muscle Invasive ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

Bladder cancer (BC) is an increasingly frequent cancer worldwide, being currently the sixth most frequent tumor and the thirteenth leading cause of cancer death. Among all BC cases, pathologists have identified several histomorphologies different from the conventional urothelial carcinoma. Although rare, these histologic variants have a distinct growth pattern, an altered cell differentiation and an unusual clinical behavior, especially concerning clinical presentation at diagnosis, response to the standard treatment and prognosis. Therefore, an updated review of this topic should be useful to aid clinicians in a better evidence-based decision-making. This chapter aims to summarize the current literature on the most common histologic variants regarding their epidemiology, clinical presentation at diagnosis, treatment options and prognosis. This includes both non-muscle invasive BC and muscle invasive BC as well as metastatic disease. A special focus will be placed on the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and early cystectomy and its prognostic implications.

Health research capacity in Nepal: Analysis of the trend and the role of local researchers

2021 ◽  
pp. 004947552098277
Author(s):  
Madhu Kharel ◽  
Alpha Pokharel ◽  
Krishna P Sapkota ◽  
Prasant V Shahi ◽  
Pratisha Shakya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Research ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

Evidence-based decision-making is less common in low- and middle-income countries where the research capacity remains low. Nepal, a lower-middle-income country in Asia, is not an exception. We conducted a rapid review to identify the trend of health research in Nepal and found more than seven-fold increase in the number of published health-related articles between 2000 and 2018. The proportion of articles with Nepalese researchers as the first authors has also risen over the years, though they are still only in two-thirds of the articles in 2018.

scholarly journals The Role of EGFR Family Inhibitors in Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Review of Clinical Data and Molecular Evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 193 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Mooso ◽  
Ruth L. Vinall ◽  
Maria Mudryj ◽  
Stanley A. Yap ◽  
Ralph W. deVere White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Muscle Invasive ◽  
Egfr Family

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Cystectomy Compared With Cystectomy Alone for Locally Advanced Bladder Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Vikram M. Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Common Adverse Effect ◽  
Advanced Bladder Cancer ◽  
Muscle Invasive

This study summarizes a landmark study on the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (M-VAC) in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. This randomized study of M-VAC plus cystectomy versus cystectomy alone suggested improved overall survival in patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy. Severe granulocytopenia was a common adverse effect in the chemotherapy group, but no deaths were attributed to chemotherapy.

The role of device assisted techniques in BCG non-responder non-muscle invasive bladder cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. e3247-e3248
Author(s):  
M. Ragonese ◽  
L. Di Gianfrancesco ◽  
G. Palermo ◽  
C. Gandi ◽  
E. Sacco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Muscle Invasive

scholarly journals The dynamics of the inflammatory response during BBN-induced bladder carcinogenesis in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Degoricija ◽  
Jelena Korac-Prlic ◽  
Katarina Vilovic ◽  
Tonci Ivanisevic ◽  
Benedikt Haupt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Tumor Escape ◽  
Induced Tumors ◽  
Frequent Mutations ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Abstract Background Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignant disease of the urinary tract. Recurrent high grade non muscle invasive BC carries a serious risk for progression and subsequent metastases. The most common preclinical mouse model for bladder cancer relies on administration of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) to mice. BBN-induced tumors in mice recapitulate the histology of human BC and were characterized with an overexpression of markers typical for basal-like cancer subtype in addition to a high mutational burden with frequent mutations in Trp53, similar to human muscle invasive BC. Methods Bladder cancer was induced in C57BL/6J male mice by administering the BBN in the drinking water. A thorough histopathological analysis of bladder specimen during and post BBN treatment was performed at 2, 4, 16, 20 and 25 weeks. RNA sequencing and qPCR was performed to assess the levels of expression of immunologically relevant genes at 2 weeks and 20 weeks during and post BBN treatment. Results We characterized the dynamics of the inflammatory response in the BBN-induced BC in mice. The treatment with BBN had gradually induced a robust inflammation in the first 2 weeks of administration, however, the inflammatory response was progressively silenced in the following weeks of the treatment, until the progression of the primary carcinoma. Tumors at 20 weeks were characterized with a marked upregulation of IL18 when compared to premalignant inflammatory response at 2 weeks. In accordance with this, we observed an increase in expression of IFNγ-responsive genes coupled to a pronounced lymphocytic infiltrate during the early stages of malignant transformation in bladder. Similar to human basal-like BC, BBN-induced murine tumors displayed an upregulated expression of immunoinhibitory molecules such as CTLA-4, PD-L1, and IDO1 which can lead to cytotoxic resistance and tumor escape. Conclusions Despite the recent advances in bladder cancer therapy which include the use of checkpoint inhibitors, the treatment options for patients with locally advanced and metastatic BC remain limited. BBN-induced BC in mice displays an immunological profile which shares similarities with human MIBC thus representing an optimal model for preclinical studies on immunomodulation in management of BC.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document