scholarly journals Psychoanalysis and Non-Adherence to Medical Advice: An Ethical Dilemma in Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Azzone

Mitigation measures required by Covid-19 pandemic have posed severe restrictions on individual freedom and have been met with persistent opposition in minority circles. As non-adherence to preventive measures is believed to increase health risks for the society at large, dissent from official policies has been a source of concern. Within this framework several eminent psychoanalysts have suggested psychoanalysis should be enrolled as a component of health related public opinion campaigns. The chapter will discuss the historical relation between mental health institutions and social control strategies and will formulate a psychoanalytic model of the social dialectic associated with the Coronavirus pandemic. The model will allow the author to offer grounded ethical perspectives on the issue.

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-670
Author(s):  
Anette Lykke Hindhede

There has been a tremendous rise in media coverage and medical research on the rapid increase of so-called non-communicable diseases. Such diseases have apparently reached epidemic proportions worldwide. In this article, I argue for the fruitfulness of investigating the communicable aspect of non-communicable diseases from a distinct sociological view of non-communicable diseases as infectious. I conduct a historical anamnesis of sociological theories that inform contemporary sociological thinking about contagion and/or collective action and the social clustering of (health) behaviour, with a particular focus on the notions of imitation, suggestion, and habitus formation. I argue that the notion of contagion is not only about biology but also about being actualised by lifestyle diseases. Based on the seminal work of Philip Strong on epidemic psychology, I discuss how – in dealing with the present threat to public order – a societal reaction in terms of a profound sense of public alarm and the generation of an outbreak of control strategies has emerged as another powerful epidemic or moral panic challenged by how to isolate the source of ‘infection’. The article concludes by asserting that there still very much remains a divide between the paradigms of the individual and the social in the production of scientific knowledge about these diseases and causality. Considering health-related risk behaviour as a socially organised rather than an individual phenomenon provides more useful data for public health interventions aimed at changing health lifestyles.


Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1481
Author(s):  
Grant Murewanhema ◽  
Solomon Mukwenha ◽  
Tafadzwa Dzinamarira ◽  
Zindoga Mukandavire ◽  
Diego Cuadros ◽  
...  

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the learning of millions of children across the world. Since March 2020 when the first cases of COVID-19 were reported in Zimbabwe, the country, like many others, has gone through periods of closing and re-opening of schools as part of the national COVID-19 control and mitigation measures. Schools promote the social, mental, physical, and moral development of children. With this viewpoint, the authors argue that schools should not be closed to provide a measured and efficient response to the threats posed by the COVID-19 epidemic. Rather, infection prevention and control strategies, including vaccination of learners and teachers, and surveillance in schools should be heightened. The use of multiple prevention strategies discussed in this viewpoint has shown that when outbreaks in school settings are adequately managed, the transmission usually is low. The information presented here suggests that schools should remain open due to the preponderance of evidence indicating the overriding positive impacts of this policy on the health, development, and wellbeing of children.


Author(s):  
Debra Rodgers

This paper seeks to highlight some of the key issues of the social stigma associated with mental health-related issues, to present examples of some existing anti-stigma concepts found within mental health literature and, in turn, to begin to suggest ways in which the personal and social experience of participation within community music activities may provide a means of challenging and resisting such stigma. The research involved a literature review of existing theoretical concepts surrounding mental health stigma interventions and sought to link such concepts with examples from community music and music sociology, examining concepts such as identity construction, removal and refurbishment activities and tachytopian experiences. The work of the Me2/Orchestra (Vermont, USA) is presented as a case study, with use of some supporting preliminary interview data. While hypothetical in nature at present, the article discusses the potential of community music for addressing and erasing mental health stigma.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Cecilia Lopez Daza ◽  
Universidad de Tlaxcala - Mèxico

This article explores the presence of organized crime in the region of the México Central, it’s domain and power in the control strategies that exercise in the different criminal acts at a regional level. At the same time, the criminal activities in which they involve the young people and the psychosocial implications that suffer the victims of the physical violence, symbolic that affect the mental health at the individual and collective level by destroying the ties of identity, solidarity and community of the population in general.The process of construction of this research was under the qualitative methodology approach, with a structural theoretical perspective that analyzes the psychosocial reality where violence is a factor that alters mental health victims who do it and suffer, the results indicate that the young people who were delivered to the trafficking posters are vulnerable and careful, developing criminal activities such as the theft kidnapping and drug dealers actions that exposure them to higher dangers as well as consumers of narcotics and to reproduce greater violence among the population, altering the social stability and mental health of the population throughout the region.Key words: Drug trafficking, violence, victims and mental healthResumenEste artículo explora la presencia del crimen organizado en la región del Altiplano Central Mexicano, su dominio y poder en las estrategias de control que ejercen en los diversos actos delictivos a nivel regional. Al mismo tiempo, se analizan las actividades delincuenciales en las que involucran a los jóvenes y las repercusiones psicosociales que sufren las víctimas de la violencia física, simbólica que afecta la salud mental a nivel individual y colectivo, destruyendo los lazos de identidad, solidaridad y sentido comunitario en la población en general.El proceso de construcción de esta investigación fue bajo el enfoque de la metodología cualitativa, con una perspectiva teórica estructural que analiza la realidad psicosocial en donde la violencia es un factor que  altera la salud mental, tanto  de víctimas, como victimarios. Los resultados indican que los jóvenes que se integran a los Cárteles del narcotráfico son vulnerables y carentes, desarrollando actividades delincuenciales como el robo, secuestro y narcomenudeo acciones que los expone a mayores peligros, como consumidores de estupefacientes  y a reproducir mayor violencia entre la población, alterando la estabilidad social y la salud mental de la población en toda la región.Palabras clave: Narcotráfico, violencia, víctimas y salud mental. AbstratoEste artigo explora a presença do crime organizado na região do México Central, é domínio e poder nas estratégias de controle que se exercitam nos diferentes atos criminosos em nível regional. Ao mesmo tempo, criminosas as atividades em que elas envolvem os jovens e os implicaciones psicossociais que sofrem as vítimas da violência física, simbólica que afetam a saúde mental no nível pessoal e colectivo, destruindo os laços de identidade, solidariedade e comunidade da população em geral.O processo de construção de pesquisa ESTA estava sob a abordagem metodológica qualitativa, com uma perspectiva estrutural teórico que analisa a realidade psicossocial Onde a violência é um fator que altera vítimas de saúde mental que o fazem e sofrem, os resultados indicam que os jovens que foram libertos com o tráfico cartazes são vulneráveis e cuidadosa, desenvolvendo atividades criminosas: como as ações de sequestro roubo e drogas comerciantes que a exposição deles a perigos maiores, bem como consumidores de narcóticos e reproduzir maior violência entre a população, alterando a estabilidade social e saúde mental de a população em toda a região.Palavras-chave: Tráfico de drogas, violência, vítimas e saúde mental. 


Author(s):  
Pravina Mohan ◽  
M. Anusree ◽  
B. Nikitha

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 infection in humans first reported in Wuhan (China) which has spread around the world and having a significant impact on global health and mental health. It has caused widespread psychosocial and behavioural changes as a result of mass hysteria, economic burden, and financial losses, in addition to its high infectivity and the increased mortality rates. Method: Published articles regarding to mental health related to the COVID-19 outbreak and other previous global infections have been considered and reviewed. Comments: The pervasive fear of COVID-19, named as "coronaphobia," has resulted with a slew of psychiatric manifestations in people from all walks of life.  It has affected people from all the point of life, resulting in a variety of psychiatric issues such as anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), fear and uncertainty, panic attacks, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, xenophobia, and racism. Collective concerns have an impact on daily behaviours, the economy, prevention strategies, and decision-making by policymakers, health organisations, and medical centres, which can weaken COVID-19 control strategies and lead to increased morbidity and mental health needs on a global level.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. e005108
Author(s):  
Sarah S Willen ◽  
Nasima Selim ◽  
Emily Mendenhall ◽  
Miriam Magaña Lopez ◽  
Shahanoor Akter Chowdhury ◽  
...  

Health and the capacity to flourish are deeply intertwined. For members of vulnerable migrant groups, systemic inequalities and structural forms of marginalisation and exclusion create health risks, impede access to needed care and interfere with the ability to achieve one’s full potential. Migrants often have limited access to healthcare, and they frequently are portrayed as less deserving than others of the resources needed to lead a healthy and flourishing life. Under these circumstances, clinicians, healthcare institutions and global health organisations have a moral and ethical obligation to consider the role they can—and do—play in either advancing or impeding migrants’ health and their capacity to flourish. Drawing on case studies from three world regions, we propose concrete steps clinicians and health institutions can take in order to better serve migrant patients. These include recommendations that can help improve understanding of the complex circumstances of migrants’ lives, strengthen collaboration between care providers and non-medical partners and transform the social, economic and structural circumstances that impede flourishing and harm health. Developing new strategies to promote the flourishing of precarious migrants can strengthen our collective ability to re-envision and redesign health systems and structures to value the health, dignity and bodily integrity of all patients—especially the most vulnerable—and to promote flourishing for all.


Author(s):  
Heiko Schmengler ◽  
Margot Peeters ◽  
Gonneke W. J. M. Stevens ◽  
Anton E. Kunst ◽  
Catharina A. Hartman ◽  
...  

AbstractSocial causation and health-related selection may contribute to educational differences in adolescents’ attention problems and externalizing behaviour. The social causation hypothesis posits that the social environment influences adolescents’ mental health. Conversely, the health-related selection hypothesis proposes that poor mental health predicts lower educational attainment. From past studies it is unclear which of these mechanisms predominates, as attention problems and externalizing behaviour have the potential to interfere with educational attainment, but may also be affected by differences in the educational context. Furthermore, educational gradients in mental health may reflect the impact of ‘third variables’ already present in childhood, such as parental socioeconomic status (SES), and IQ. We investigated both hypotheses in relation to educational differences in externalizing behaviour and attention problems throughout adolescence and young adulthood. We used data from a Dutch cohort (TRAILS Study; n = 2229), including five measurements of educational level, externalizing behaviour, and attention problems from around age 14–26 years. First, we evaluated the directionality in longitudinal associations between education, externalizing behaviour, and attention problems with and without adjusting for individual differences using fixed effects. Second, we assessed the role of IQ and parental SES in relation to attention problems, externalizing behaviour, and educational level. Attention problems predicted decreases in education throughout all of adolescence and young adulthood. Differences in parental SES contributed to increases in externalizing behaviour amongst the lower educational tracks in mid-adolescence. Childhood IQ and parental SES strongly predicted education around age 14. Parental SES, but not IQ, also predicted early adolescent attention problems and externalizing behaviour. Our results provide support for the health-related selection hypothesis in relation to attention problems and educational attainment. Further, our results highlight the role of social causation from parental SES in determining adolescent educational level, attention problems, and externalizing behaviour.


Author(s):  
Charles Ellis ◽  
Molly Jacobs

Health disparities have once again moved to the forefront of America's consciousness with the recent significant observation of dramatically higher death rates among African Americans with COVID-19 when compared to White Americans. Health disparities have a long history in the United States, yet little consideration has been given to their impact on the clinical outcomes in the rehabilitative health professions such as speech-language pathology/audiology (SLP/A). Consequently, it is unclear how the absence of a careful examination of health disparities in fields like SLP/A impacts the clinical outcomes desired or achieved. The purpose of this tutorial is to examine the issue of health disparities in relationship to SLP/A. This tutorial includes operational definitions related to health disparities and a review of the social determinants of health that are the underlying cause of such disparities. The tutorial concludes with a discussion of potential directions for the study of health disparities in SLP/A to identify strategies to close the disparity gap in health-related outcomes that currently exists.


2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma Ortiz ◽  
Juan Pablo Osorio
Keyword(s):  

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