scholarly journals Acute Postoperative Infectious Endophthalmitis: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio E. Hernandez-Da Mota ◽  
Jose Luis Guerrero-Naranjo ◽  
Jose Dalma-Weiszhausz ◽  
Raul Velez-Montoya ◽  
Jesus H. Gonzalez-Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Ophthalmic Surgery ◽  
Causative Microorganism ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Postoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Infectious Endophthalmitis ◽  
First Line Treatment

Acute postoperative infectious endophthalmitis remains one of the most dreaded complications of ophthalmic surgery. One of the keys to success in treating this complication is to make an early clinical diagnosis and, if possible, an etiologic diagnosis that can guide treatment with antibiotic therapy. Different antibiotic therapy modalities have emerged over the years that have made it possible to treat even resistant strains of various microorganisms that cause endophthalmitis. Another relevant advance made in the etiological diagnosis of endophthalmitis is the advent of molecular biology techniques, such as the real-time polymerase chain reaction, which can detect minimal amounts of the genetic material of the causative microorganism present in the vitreous in a short period of time, thus improving treatment outcomes with better-guided therapy with intravitreal antibiotics. Aside from advances in postoperative diagnosis methods, the surgical treatment of endophthalmitis has had significant improvements in vitrectomy techniques, and in many cases, it has been proposed as the first-line treatment concomitantly with intravitreal antibiotic therapy. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that prophylaxis with intracameral antibiotic therapy further decreases postoperative endophthalmitis incidence.

scholarly journals South Korea’s COVID-19 Infection Status: From the Perspective of Re-positive Test Results After Viral Clearance Evidenced by Negative Test Results

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Jung Kang
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Viral Clearance ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Test Process

ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) started to occur in South Korea by means of inflow of the virus from abroad, when a case from Wuhan, China, was first confirmed on January 19, 2020. Although South Korea has drastically reduced the number of new confirmed cases and is stabilizing the situation with its exemplary disease prevention policies, there remains a problem. These are cases that had shown negative results to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (gene amplification) tests as the COVID-19 virus had become undetectable but turned re-positive after a short period. The Central Clinical Committee determined that these re-positive cases after COVID-19 viral clearance are due to the limits of the test method; it is considered that the genetic material of the “dead virus” remaining in a recovered patient’s body is amplified during the test process. Comprehending the above evidence, re-positive cases of COVID-19 are not infectious; the virus is not even reactivated. However, further research is required as we lack research results on this subject. Until we can be sure, social distancing and other such policies should be maintained.

scholarly journals PCR-detectable Candida DNA exists a short period in the blood of systemic candidiasis murine model

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 677-682
Author(s):  
Zheng-Xin He ◽  
Hui-Hai Zhao ◽  
Fu-Kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Systemic Candidiasis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Medicine Today

AbstractInvasive candidiasis is a major challenge to clinical medicine today. However, traditional fungal diagnostic techniques and empirical treatments have shown great limitations. Although efforts are necessarily needed in methodology standardization and multicenter validation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a very promising assay in detecting fungal pathogens. Using a “heat-shock” DNA preparation method, a rapid and simple PCR protocol for quantification of the Candida albicans (C. albicans) ribosomal DNA was established. The PCR assay could detect Candida DNA as low as 10 CFU/mL in samples prepared by the heat-shock protocol, without any cross-reaction with DNA prepared from other Candida spp. and bacterial pathogens. For simulated blood samples, the PCR test sensitivity of whole blood samples was better than that of plasma and blood cells. In the systemic candidiasis murine model, detectable DNA was only observed within 24 h after C. albicans SC5314 injection, which is much shorter than that observed in the kidney.

RAPIDLY GROWING DYSEMBRYOPLASTIC NEUROEPITHELIAL TUMOR

Neurosurgery ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. E1337-E1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oltea Sampetrean ◽  
Taketoshi Maehara ◽  
Nobutaka Arai ◽  
Tetsuo Nemoto
Keyword(s):  
Complex Form ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Labeling Index ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor ◽  
Complex Partial Seizures ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
The Past ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Postoperative Diagnosis

Abstract OBJECTIVE During the past 15 years, the concept of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors has continued to evolve. We present an interesting case of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor that showed rapid growth during a short period of time. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 9-year-old boy had been experiencing intractable complex partial seizures since the age of 7 years. Magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrated a well-demarcated 3.5-cm lesion with a 1.5-cm ring-enhanced core in the left temporal lobe. One month later, the lesion had rapidly grown to occupy three times more space than on the first evaluation, with the ring-enhanced core reaching approximately five times its initial volume. INTERVENTION A combined tumor removal and epileptogenic focus resection surgery was performed immediately. In the pathological examination, the presence of the specific glioneuronal element with a Ki-67 labeling index of lower than 1%, as well as the glial component with a Ki-67 labeling index of 8%, led to a postoperative diagnosis of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, complex form. No adjuvant therapy was performed. Five years after surgery, there is no evidence of any recurrence and the boy continues to be seizure free without antiepileptic drugs. CONCLUSION The lesion did not behave as a stable benign entity as it is generally accepted, and is, therefore, presented as an argument in favor of an early and complete resection.

MO1003ONSET OF BRAIN TOXOPLASMA GONDII ABSCESSES IN RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENT IN THERAPY WITH BELATACEPT

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Orefice ◽  
Raffaella Vigilante ◽  
Chiara Mennillo ◽  
Sofia Giuliana ◽  
Carolina Ruosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Transplant Recipient ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Brain Abscesses

Abstract Background Belatacept is a new non-nephrotoxic anti-rejection drug that blocks the CD80 / CD86-CD28 complex, that normally activates T lymphocytes. Although the BENEFIT study proposes its use at the forefront of immunosuppressive therapy to prevent renal transplant rejection, the risk of opportunistic infections should not be underestimated, as demonstrated by the following clinical case. Case report We report the case of a 71-year-old male kidney transplant recipient that at 7-month follow-up showed a relevant rise of serum creatinine up to 3.8 mg/dl related to graft rejection. The patient started a cycle of treatment with Belatacept in accomplishment to international studies, with improvement in renal function (serum creatinine: 2.8 mg/dl). After 8 months of therapy, due to the appearance of left brachio-crural hypoasthenia, a brain CT and a brain MRI (both without contrast media because of the severe graft dysfunction) were consecutively performed. Imaging revealed multiple nodular formations in the right hemisphere, compatible with brain abscesses or neuro-lymphoma. Belatacept was promptly suspended, a rachicentesis for liquor analysis performed, and a broad spectrum empiric antibiotic therapy was started on Infectious Disease Specialist advice. After Toxoplasma Gondii positivity was found by PCR on cerebrospinal fluid, neuro-lymphoma was excluded and the patient was switched to a targeted antibiotic therapy with Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole (dose adjusted to renal function) for 6 weeks and subsequently, a maintenance course with Sulfadiazine and Pyrimethamine. During treatment, brain lesions showed progressive reduction, with marked clinical improvement and stabilization of renal function (eGFR 25 ml / min). Conclusions As far as is known in the literature, this is the first case of Toxoplasma Gondii brain infection that can be correlated with the use of Belactacept. The appearance of a severe opportunistic infection, in a short period of time after the introduction of Belatacept, could indicate the direct role of Belatacept in the development of these brain abscesses and indicates the importance of carefully evaluating the use of the drug in elderly patients with reduced renal function, in which adequate prophylactic therapy would be particularly indicated.

scholarly journals Identification of Leishmania spp. in horses and a dog from rural areas of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2687-2694
Author(s):  
Gabriela Döwich Pradella ◽  
◽  
Taiane Acunha Escobar ◽  
Claudia Acosta Duarte ◽  
Irina Lübeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Transmission Area ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan of the genus Leishmania. The disease is transmitted by the bite of a sand fly vector. Although the main reservoirs are dogs, other hosts can be infected and may play this role. Rio Grande do Sul western region, located on the triple border of Brazil-Uruguay-Argentina, represents a VL transmission area. The goal of the present study was to identify Leishmania spp. infection in animals from rural areas of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul. Nine farms in the Uruguaiana municipality, Rio Grande do Sul state, were included. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 113 animals (canine [n=22], equine [n=91]) for detection of Leishmania spp. DNA was isolated and polymerase chain reaction was performed. Eight (7%) animals with Leishmania spp. infection were detected on two farms in the same geographical area, seven of which were horses and one was canine, all of which were asymptomatic. To investigate the species of Leishmania, one of the positive equine samples was subjected to direct sequencing, which confirmed the presence of L. infantum genetic material. Results of this study confirm the presence of L. infantum-infected animals in rural areas of Uruguaiana, and provide evidence supporting further investigation of risk factors for dissemination in such areas.

scholarly journals DETEKSI CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE TOKSIGENIK MENGGUNAKAN UJI CEPAT TOKSIN DAN REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (Toxigenic Clostridium Difficile Detection Using Toxin Rapid Test and Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction)

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Ika Yasma Yanti ◽  
Dalima Ari Wahono Astrawinata
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea

Toxigenic Clostridium difficile infection, causing a Pseudo Membrane Colitis (PMC) and Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea(CDAD) has increased sharply. The largest risk factor is the use of antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to know how to determinethe prevalence and characteristics of subjects with Toxigenic Clostridium difficile and to assess the ability of the toxin rapid test comparedto real-time PCR. Ninety adult subjects with antibiotic therapy more than two (2) weeks were enrolled in this study. The results of toxinrapid test and real-time PCR were presented in a 2x2 table, statistical test used was Chi square. The prevalence of Toxigenic Clostridiumdifficile based on the toxin rapid test and by real-time PCR was 27.3% and 37.5%, respectively. There were significant differences betweenstool consistency and number of antibiotics used with the detection of Toxigenic Clostridium difficile. There was a relationship betweenthe duration of antibiotic therapy with the detection of Toxigenic Clostridium difficile using real-time PCR (p=0.010, RR=2.116). Thesensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, PLR and NLR rapid test against real-time PCR were 69.7%; 98.2%; 95.8%; 84.4%; 39.2 and 0.31,respectively. This study concluded that the prevalence of Clostridium difficile in RSCM was higher compared to that in Malaysia, Thailandand India; the subjects with antibiotic therapy for more than four (4) weeks had a double risk to have Toxigenic Clostridium difficilethan subjects with antibiotic therapy for less than that time (4 weeks). Thus, in this study, toxin rapid test could be used as a tool todetect Toxigenic Clostridium difficile.

scholarly journals Topical issues of inhaled antibacterial therapy of respiratory diseases in children

2018 ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Kolosova ◽  
A. B. Kolosova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Restriction Policy ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Outpatient Practice ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics

Despite the fact that acute respiratory infections have viral etiology, the frequency of antibiotic prescriptions accounts for more than 70% in outpatient practice. However, the preventive administration of systemic antibiotics does not reduce the duration of the disease and the incidence of bacterial complications. In addition, the irrational use of antibiotic therapy can lead to the development of antibiotic resistance of infectious disease pathogens. The global problem of antibiotic resistance is seen as a serious threat to public health, and therefore the systemic antibiotic restriction policy is crucial, which helps to reduce the formation of antibiotic-resistant strains of infectious agents. The possibility of using local antibacterial drugs enables optimization of antibiotic therapy and reduces the risk of the development of antibiotic resistance. The article discusses the issues of use of thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate in various diseases in children.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS Genes in Enterobacteriaceae Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Cases, in Swine Units and a Hospital from Western Romania

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru O. Doma ◽  
Roxana Popescu ◽  
Mihai Mitulețu ◽  
Delia Muntean ◽  
János Dégi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dna Purity ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Excessive use of antimicrobials and inadequate infection control practices has turned antimicrobial resistance (AMR) into a global, public health peril. We studied the expression of qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS plasmid in ciprofloxacin (CIP)-resistant strains of Escherichia coli in swine and humans from Romania, using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) for human subjects (H) on 147 samples and 53 swine (S) was ascertained as well as the isolation of bacterial DNA (E. coli) as follows: bacteriolysis, DNA-binding, rinsing, elution, amplification, and nucleic acids’ migration and U.V. visualization stages. From 24 samples of E. coli resistant to CIP collected from H subjects and 15 from S, for PCR analysis, 15 H and 12 S were used, with DNA purity of 1.8. The statistically analyzed results using the Crosstabs function (IBM SPSS Statistics-Ver. 2.1.), revealed the qnrS (417 bp) gene in 13 human subjects (52.0%), as well as in all swine samples studied. The qnrB (526 bp) gene was exposed in 9 of the human patients (36.0%) and in all swine isolates, and the qnrA (516 bp) gene was observed only in 3 of the isolates obtained from human subjects (12.0%) and was not discovered in pigs (p > 0.05). The presence of plasmids qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS in the human samples and of qnrB and qnrS in swine, facilitates the survival of pathogens despite the CIP action. The long-term use of CIP could cause a boost in the prevalence of qnr resistance genes, and resistance in the pigs destined for slaughter, a perturbing fact for public health and the human consumer.

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