scholarly journals Improving the Cognitive Development of Children in Rural Areas as Development Tool

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Alhassan Hamidu ◽  
Charlisa Afua Brown ◽  
Mary Adjepong
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
The Many

Good health is a crucial requirement for every child for proper growth and development. To increase their future prospects the exact nutritional intervention is needed to boost the thinking and self-confidence of children. Adequate levels of omega-3 essential fatty acids are vital for children during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and few years post-weaning. This is not just for their perfect growth but including their cognitive development. Poverty levels continue to be high in rural areas and there are nutritional interventions that can be used to reverse the trends. However, omega-3 fatty acids, known to have a greater impact on brain development are not cheap and available in forms that are accessible by the rural poor. With the many complications attached to a rural lifestyle, little is known about culturally accepted local sources of omega-3 fatty acids. Therefore, alternative sources of nutritional intervention including the provision of eggs enriched with appropriate fatty acids, which are readily available, accessible, cheaper, and culturally accepted should be explored for children.

scholarly journals Old and new adventures with fatty acids and their oxylipins: The road towards personalised clinical nutrition

OCL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Robert Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
World Health ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

After paying homage to the work of E. Chevreul, Prof. Robert Gibson went on in a lighthearted way to find similarities in the way they both approached their respective fields of research, as well as their way of life. Prof. Robert Gibson, who was awarded the 2021 Chevreul Medal, reported that “his huge delight was to witness the massive growth of lipid research and to have played a role in elucidating the role of dietary fats in the health of mothers and their babies”. Prof. Gibson highlighted some of the major results he collected from Australian clinical studies conducted on the role of omega-3 fatty acids on the health outcomes of mothers and their infants. He first discussed the role of fish oil on visual acuity of babies and demonstrated that infant formulas supplying more than 1% of linolenic acid (ALA) seemed adequate to ensure optimal visual and cognitive development of term infants. However, in preterm infants, whether there is a specific need for DHA above the benefit provided by ALA, still needs to be clarified. He reported a small beneficial impact on the cognitive development of preterm infants receiving DHA enriched breast milk of their mothers (1% of total fatty acids). He then discussed data from his large randomised clinical trials conducted on pregnant women receiving a DHA dietary treatment (800 mg/d DHA) or placebo, that suggested that DHA may decrease the risk of preterm birth (DOMInO trial, 2400 women). This effect was confirmed in the ORIP trial (5400 women) which found that preterm birth could be prevented by a DHA supplement treatment mainly in women with a singleton pregnancy who had a low omega-3 status in the first trimester. In the last part of his review, Robert Gibson described the use of a new low cost, rapid and efficient method to monitor changes in blood levels of omega-3 fatty acids with clinical outcomes: the Dried Blood Spots (DBS) technology. The validation of this technique has been demonstrated in large trials like N3RO and ORIP involving large cohorts of women, which could not have been obtained easily by classical analysis of lipids. He went on to point out that free fatty acids (generally not explored despite their importance in many metabolic disorders) and oxylipins, are both stable and easily identified when they are preserved in a dry state on a paper matrix (DBS), thus opening new fields of research. To conclude, the major impact of Prof. Robert Gibson’s work was identifying and overcoming one of the causes of early preterm birth (omega-3 deficiency), developing a tool to rapidly assess omega-3 status (the DBS technique) that together is close to being implemented into the world health system.

scholarly journals Redefining Unusable Weeds to Beneficial Plants: Purslane as a Powerful Source of Omega-3 for the Future

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania Agil ◽  
Chloé Gilbert ◽  
Hamed Tavakoli ◽  
Farah Hosseinian
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Estrogenic Properties ◽  
Alternative Sources

<p>With global consumer demand shifting towards the consumption of healthier foods, it is crucial to discover new sources of edible plants with high nutritional value and low cost. Unique weeds such as purslane have the potential to be used as an untapped source of unconventional food with diverse nutrients and beneficial bioactive properties. Inflammation can cause oxidative stress related diseases including cardiovascular disorders, aging and cancer. One key nutrient of purslane is omega-3 with potential of inhibitory properties against inflammatory and estrogenic mediators. Purslane is known to be a rich source of a-linolenic acid, 18:3 ω-3, an essential fatty acid, carotenes, antioxidants and minerals. However, the precise mechanism of action of its individual components in disease prevention is unknown. This review provides a summary on the role of purslane bioactives, particularly omega-3 fatty acids as one of purslane’s main constituents with potential of anti-inflammatory and anti-estrogenic properties. The discovery of new sources of plants rich in omega-3 fatty acids may be a useful strategy in utilizing natural alternative sources of foods that can enhance human health and wellbeing.</p>

Human evolution and diet: a modern conundrum of health versus meat consumption, or is it?

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Wild Game ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
The Many ◽  
Vocal Minority ◽  
Anthropological Literature ◽  
Long Chain

Despite negative press reports on the effect of meat and other animal-source foods (ASFs) on human health and a vocal minority who contend that humans evolved as vegetarians, scientific evidence contradicts these views. For several million years before the development of agriculture, our ancestors were heavily reliant on ASFs as a source of energy and critical substrates such as protein and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Numerous lines of evidence in the anthropological literature have confirmed this scenario. Studies on ASF composition and clinical trials on ASF consumption have provided clear evidence of a requirement for meat in the diet to provide nutrients essential to health, such as Vitamin B12, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and bioavailable forms of iron and zinc. Other studies have demonstrated that lean ASFs have a role in cholesterol-lowering diets and are important for mental function. Finally, it is possible and desirable to produce meat of a lean nature that mimics the many healthy attributes of wild-game meats and, by emphasising pasture feeding over grain feeding, this can be achieved to a large extent in Australia.

scholarly journals Phosphorus reduction by sifting fish waste meal

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1841-1844
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Lima de Lima ◽  
Dariane Beatriz Schoffen Enke ◽  
Neiva Braun ◽  
Débora Machado Fracalossi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Commercial Fish

Fish meal is widely included in animal feed because it contains ideal essential amino acids profile, it is rich in energy, essential fatty acids, vitamins and minerals and with >80% apparent protein digestibility in peneid shrimp. In human nutrition, studies are investigating the inclusion of fish meal in snacks, cakes, breads and cookies, as an enrichment in calcium, phosphorus, iron, protein and, especially, omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids reduces heart diseases and have antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties (eicosapentaenoic acid), and are essential to the formation of brain tissue and retina in infants and are important during pregnancy and lactation (docosahexaenoic acid). Fish meal produced from fish waste is rich in minerals (phosphorus), which may cause eutrophication and impair water quality in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to reduce phosphorus content from commercial fish meal produced from waste by sifting (0.60 - 1.00 - 1.18 - 1.40 - 2.36 and 3.35mm mesh sizes). Fish meal samples were collected monthly for 24 months. Proximate composition of subsamples per mesh size was compared to the unsieved sample. Results indicate that sifting through a 0.60mm sieve total phosphorus and ash contents were reduced up to 32% and 36%, respectively, further to increase protein content up to 20%. Average composition of the subsamples was 47.04% ash, 5.56% of total phosphorus and 39.45% protein, suggesting that the residue of the fractionation may be marketed as a mineral and protein supplement.

scholarly journals Quality Indicators of Snail Meat Grown in Different Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Drago Sando ◽  
Radoslav Grujić ◽  
Bašić Meho ◽  
Kiril Lisickov ◽  
Dragan Vujadinović
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The World

Snail meat is used daily in the human diet. Snails are used in human nutrition daily in some regions of the world. According to measurable attributes of proteins and lipids quality, snails fall into the middle category of this source of nutrients. The paper describes nutritive attributes of snail’s quality from the aspect of macro and micro nutrients. In the composition of essential amino acid leucine and lysine are dominant, and tryptophan is missing. Essential fatty acids are relatively high in snails, especially linolenic and arahidonic acid, but some polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, such as EPA. Out of mineral material copper, iron and magnesium take an important place. With regard to methods of diet and residence snail meat can be loaded to certain heavy metals, residues of radioactive substances and pesticides. These are reasons to control the snails before processing in order to increase safety of the obtained product.

Nutritional Intervention With Omega-3 Fatty Acids in a Case of Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Lungs

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Pardini ◽  
David Wilson ◽  
Steven Schiff ◽  
Stephen A. Bajo ◽  
Randall Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma ◽  
Fibrous Histiocytoma ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

Beneficial Effects of Omega-3 Supplement to the Enteral Feeding in Children With Mild to Moderate Sepsis

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdul Moety Al-Biltagi ◽  
Ahmed Abd ElBasset Abo-Elezz ◽  
Maher Ahmed Abd-Elhafez ◽  
Maaly Mohamed Mabrouk ◽  
Ghada Abudelmomen Suliman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants

Objective: The objective was to investigate the benefits of supplementing enteral feeding with omega-3 fatty acids in children with mild to moderate sepsis and its effects on acute-phase reactants and interleukin 6 (IL-6) level. Methods: The study was a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study from January 2012 to June 2014, which included 2 groups of children with mild to moderate sepsis tolerating enteral feeding. Group A included 60 children supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids, whereas group B included 60 children who received enteral feeding without omega-3 supplementation. Both groups had complete blood pictures, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum albumin, and IL-6 before and after 7 days from supplementation. Results: There was a significant improvement in hemoglobin percentage ( P < .0001), total white blood cell (WBC) count ( P < .0001), and platelet count ( P < .0001) and significant decrease in CRP ( P < .0001), ESR ( P < .0001), IL-6 ( P < .0001), and albumin level ( P < .001) in the supplemented group than the nonsupplemented group. The supplemented group also had a significantly shorter duration of stay in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU; P < .01) and decreased death rate than the nonsupplemented group. Conclusion: Children with mild to moderate sepsis showed significant improvement in inflammatory markers and had shorter PICU admission when enteral feeding was supplemented with omega-3 essential fatty acids.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Fatty Acids versus Heavy Metals: A Quantitative Estimation of the Benefit-Risk Ratio for the Consumption of Commonly-Consumed Fish and Products in Metro Manila

KIMIKA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave P. Briones ◽  
Nancy Lazaro-Llanos
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Skipjack Tuna ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Metro Manila

Fish and other marine products consumption is the main route of heavy metal exposure to human which poses health risks if taken in high dosage. On the other hand, the nutritional benefits of fish are mainly due to the content of high-quality protein and high content of the two kinds of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA): eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The study aims to assess and compare the benefit-risk ratio for the consumption of commonly-consumed fish and products in Metro Manila. Fish and product samples were analyzed for moisture, crude fat, heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb) and fatty acid profile (saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated) including omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA. These findings generally indicate that the consumption of fish and products studied posed no risk to human health. Essential fatty acids EPA and DHA were highest for dried anchovy, Stolephorus indicus (1.5 and 7.3mg/g sample); mussel, Mytilus smaragdinus (1.5 and 1.0mg/g sample); round scad, Decapterus macrosoma (0.9 and 3.4mg/g sample); and skipjack tuna, Auxis thazard (1.1 and 3.9mg/g sample). The hazard quotients of essential fatty acids versus heavy metals were also less than 1 except for Cd in squid (1.8), In the case of dried sardine (19.9), squid (1.8), shrimp (3.4), and skipjack tuna (1.7), these foods should be monitored regularly. In conclusion, the target hazard quotients for most of the fish and products showed values less than 1, which suggest that health risks were insignificant.

scholarly journals Enriched Marine Oil Supplements Increase Peripheral Blood Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators Concentrations and Reprogram Host Immune Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia R. Souza ◽  
Raquel M. Marques ◽  
Esteban A. Gomez ◽  
Romain A. Colas ◽  
Roberta De Matteis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

Rationale: Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM—lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins) are produced via the enzymatic conversion of essential fatty acids, including the omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid and n-3 docosapentaenoic acid. These mediators exert potent leukocyte directed actions and control vascular inflammation. Supplementation of animals and humans with essential fatty acids, in particular omega-3 fatty acids, exerts protective actions reducing vascular and systemic inflammation. Of note, the mechanism(s) activated by these supplements in exerting their protective actions remain poorly understood. Objective: Given that essential fatty acids are precursors in the biosynthesises of SPM, the aim of the present study was to establish the relationship between supplementation and peripheral SPM concentrations. We also investigated the relationship between changes in plasma SPM concentrations and peripheral blood platelet and leukocyte responses. Methods and Results: Healthy volunteers were enrolled in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study, and peripheral blood was collected at baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours post administration of placebo or one of 3 doses of an enriched marine oil supplement. Assessment of plasma SPM concentrations using lipid mediator profiling demonstrated a time- and dose-dependent increase in peripheral blood SPM concentration. Supplementation also led to a regulation of peripheral blood cell responses. Here we found a dose-dependent increase in neutrophil and monocyte phagocytosis of bacteria and a decrease in the diurnal activation of leukocytes and platelets, as measured by a reduction in adhesion molecule expression. In addition, transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood cells demonstrated a marked change in transcript levels of immune and metabolic genes 24 hours post supplementation when compared with placebo. Conclusions: Together, these findings demonstrate that supplementation with an enriched marine oil leads to an increase in peripheral blood SPM concentrations and reprograms peripheral blood cells, indicating a role for SPM in mediating the immune-directed actions of this supplement. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT03347006.

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