scholarly journals Convergence of Wireless and Optical Network in Future Communication Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajarshi Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Network Evolution ◽  
Access Networks ◽  
Wireless Access Networks ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
New Generation

The requirement of data increases many-fold in recent years to support the newest technologies in B5G and 6G. Wireless is the last mile solution as access with an optical network as the backbone in future communication systems. Over the years in every new generation, the distance between the base station and the user is decreasing and the optical node is coming closer to the user. There are several technologies like AR/VR, AI, holographic communication, holographic telepresence, etc. are the main candidates in B5G and 6G, which are required high-speed connection with low latency. To support these services, it is almost mandatory that transmit data across the network should be smooth and seamless to provide successful communication. Providing a successful and appropriate wireless link among the users simultaneously to achieve the requirements is becoming more complex, hence challenging. The optical backbone of all wireless access networks requires supporting these user’s requirements, needs to evolve continuously with wireless network evolution. This chapter will study the evolution of both networks to understand their cooperation, alignment, and support.

scholarly journals Trajectory Planning in UAV Emergency Networks with Potential Underlaying D2D Communication Based on K-means

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Zhang ◽  
Shuo Shi ◽  
Tianming Feng ◽  
Xuemai Gu
Keyword(s):  
Trajectory Planning ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Communication Signal ◽  
User Coverage ◽  
Trajectory Length

Abstract Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in communication systems due to excellent maneuverability and mobility. The ultra-high speed, ultra-low latency, and ultra-high reliability of 5th generation wireless systems (5G) have further promoted vigorous development of UAVs. Compared with traditional means of communication, UAV can provide services for ground terminal without time and space constraints, so it is often used as air base station (BS). Especially in emergency communications and rescue, it provides temporary communication signal coverage service for disaster areas. In the face of large-scale and scattered user coverage tasks, UAV's trajectory is an important factor affecting its energy consumption and communication performance. In this paper, we consider a UAV emergency communication network where UAV aims to achieve complete coverage of potential underlying D2D users (DUs). The trajectory planning problem is transformed into the deployment and connection problem of stop points (SPs). Aiming at trajectory length and sum throughput, two trajectory planning algorithms based on K-means are proposed. Due to the non-convexity of sum throughput optimization, we present a sub-optimal solution by using the successive convex approximation (SCA) method. In order to balance the relationship between trajectory length and sum throughput, we propose a joint evaluation index which is used as an objective function to further optimize trajectory. Simulation results show the validity of the proposed algorithms which have advantages over the well-known benchmark scheme in terms of trajectory length and sum throughput.

Communication Infrastructures in Access Networks

2013 ◽  
pp. 136-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ali Haider ◽  
M. Yasin Akhtar Raja ◽  
Khurram Kazi
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Access Networks ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Wireless Access Networks ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Core Networks ◽  
Edge Network ◽  
Data Rates

Access networks are usually termed “last-mile/first-mile” networks since they connect the end user with the metro-edge network (or the exchange). This connectivity is often at data rates that are significantly slower than the data rates available at metro and core networks. Metro networks span large cities and core networks connect cities or bigger regions together by forming a backbone network on which traffic from an entire city is transported. With the industry achieving up to 400 Gbps of data rates at core networks (and increasing those rates [Reading, 2013]), it is critical to have high-speed access networks that can cope with the tremendous bandwidth opportunity and not act as a bottleneck. The opportunity lies in enabling services that can be of benefit to the consumers as well as large organizations. For instance, moving institutional/personal data to the cloud will require a high-speed access network that can overcome delays incurred during upload and download of information. Cloud-based services, such as computing and storage services are further enhanced with the availability of such high-speed access networks. Access networks have evolved over time and the industry is constantly looking for ways to improve their capacity. Therefore, an understanding of the fundamental technologies involved in wired and wireless access networks will help the reader appreciate the full potential of the cloud and cloud access. Against the same backdrop, this chapter aims at providing an understanding of the evolution of access technologies that enable the tremendous mobility potential of cloud-based services in the contemporary cloud paradigm.

Electrical Spreading Code-Based OFDM Optical Access Networks for Budget Enhancement and Reduced System Bandwidth Requirement

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravindra Kumar ◽  
Anand Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Networks ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Spreading Code ◽  
Optical Access Networks ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
Code Division Multiple

AbstractPassive optical networks based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM-PON) give better performance in high-speed optical access networks. For further improvement in performance, a new architecture of OFDM-PON based on spreading code in electrical domain is proposed and analytically analyzed in this paper. This approach is referred as hybrid multi-carrier code division multiple access-passive optical network (MC-CDMA-PON). Analytical results show that at bit error rate (BER) of 10

scholarly journals Implementation and Evaluation of Nodal Distribution and Movement in a 5G Mobile Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Dmitry Baranov ◽  
Alexandr Terekhin ◽  
Dmitry Bragin ◽  
Anton Konev
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Data Networks ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Transmission Networks ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Determining Factor

The determining factor in the accelerated pace of informatization is the increase in the speed and reliability of data transmission networks. In this regard, new and existing standards are developed and modernized. A lot of organizations are constantly working on the development and implementation of new generation communication networks. This article provides an overview of available software solutions that allow us to investigate and evaluate the behavior of data networks. In particular, tools suitable for mobile communication systems were determined, having sufficient built-in functionality and allowing us to add our own implementations. NS3 has been chosen as a suitable network simulator. Apart from the review, a solution for this tool was developed. It allows estimating the reliability of data transmission from the start movement of a network node at all times during its removal from a base station.

A Framework for High-Speed Passenger Train Wireless Network Radio Evaluations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subharthi Banerjee ◽  
Michael Hempel ◽  
Naji Albakay ◽  
Pejman Ghasemzadeh ◽  
Hamid Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Network ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Simulation Framework ◽  
Passenger Train ◽  
Past Experiences

By 2030, the United States Federal Transit Administration (FTA) plans to have High Speed Train (HST) systems deployed that span over 12,000 miles across the US. Given the rapidly accelerating growth in consumers demand for fast on-board Internet services, there is a need for a robust and dedicated railroad wireless network architecture for their onboard and Train-to-Ground (T2G) communication systems. And while there are several potential candidates for radio access technologies (RAT), a full understanding of the benefits and drawbacks of each is still missing. We therefore have developed and studied a simulation framework that offers railroads the ability to perform an in-depth evaluation of capabilities for different RATs in terms of interoperability, throughput, handover and bit error rate for various user-driven scenarios. The framework is capable of studying and analyzing conditions such as network performance at different train velocities, base station spacing requirements, as well as analyzing US-specific geographical or track-related architectural scenarios. Our Past experiences in researching railroad wireless solutions have shown that wireless network performance varies widely in environments like tunnels, viaducts, bridges, stations, etc. The simulator offers the network designers significant flexibility in terms of defining parameters to create simulation scenarios and obtaining a detailed understanding of network performance. The work has created a novel, flexible and adaptable simulation framework for high-speed passenger train wireless network evaluation. The simulation tool supports 220MHz-100GHz systems for simulating LTE and 5G-New Radio (5G-NR), and it can support other technologies such as 220MHz PTC, in a time-variant channel. In this paper we present the architecture and the capabilities of the simulator with a sample scenario evaluation. The developed framework aims to support HST wireless communication designers to conduct more detailed analyses and to make more informed decisions in optimizing system deployments.

Adaptive Scheduling for TCP-Fairness in Wireless Broadband Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 161-186
Author(s):  
Balakrishnan K ◽  
Ritesh Kumar Kalle ◽  
Debabrata Das
Keyword(s):  
Access Networks ◽  
Adaptive Scheduling ◽  
Wireless Access ◽  
Wireless Access Networks ◽  
Broadband Wireless ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Tcp Fairness ◽  
Wireless Broadband ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Tcp Throughput

The exponential growth in multimedia traffic (Cisco Visual Networking Index, 2010), predominantly on UDP transport, poses a threat to the TCP’s best effort throughput. This problem is more acute in last mile broadband wireless access networks (Bakshi, Krishna, Vaidya, & Pradhan, 1997). Most scheduling algorithms discuss improving the combined TCP and UDP throughput or improving the TCP throughput without studying the effects of inelastic traffic such as UDP. This chapter furthers the necessity for TCP throughput protection and proposes a novel dynamically adapting Weighted Fair Queue (WFQ) based scheduling mechanism that provides a higher degree of TCP protection. This is accomplished by differentiating between TCP and UDP flows, buffer provisioning for each flow, and prioritizing TCP ACK packets. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism yields a relative improvement of up to 29% of TCP goodput and 7.5% of aggregate MAC throughput over the mechanism without the proposed improvements.

scholarly journals DIANA: A Machine Learning Mechanism for Adjusting the TDD Uplink-Downlink Configuration in XG-PON-LTE Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Sarigiannidis ◽  
Antonios Sarigiannidis ◽  
Ioannis Moscholios ◽  
Piotr Zwierzykowski
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Networks ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Hybrid Network ◽  
Wireless Access Networks ◽  
Optical Wireless ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Learning Mechanism

Modern broadband hybrid optical-wireless access networks have gained the attention of academia and industry due to their strategic advantages (cost-efficiency, huge bandwidth, flexibility, and mobility). At the same time, the proliferation of Software Defined Networking (SDN) enables the efficient reconfiguration of the underlying network components dynamically using SDN controllers. Hence, effective traffic-aware schemes are feasible in dynamically determining suitable configuration parameters for advancing the network performance. To this end, a novel machine learning mechanism is proposed for an SDN-enabled hybrid optical-wireless network. The proposed architecture consists of a 10-gigabit-capable passive optical network (XG-PON) in the network backhaul and multiple Long Term Evolution (LTE) radio access networks in the fronthaul. The proposed mechanism receives traffic-aware knowledge from the SDN controllers and applies an adjustment on the uplink-downlink configuration in the LTE radio communication. This traffic-aware mechanism is capable of determining the most suitable configuration based on the traffic dynamics in the whole hybrid network. The introduced scheme is evaluated in a realistic environment using real traffic traces such as Voice over IP (VoIP), real-time video, and streaming video. According to the obtained numerical results, the proposed mechanism offers significant improvements in the network performance in terms of latency and jitter.

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