scholarly journals The Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anet Papazovska Cherepnalkovski ◽  
Vesna Pavlov ◽  
Ivanka Furlan ◽  
Marija Bucat
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Anemia Of Prematurity

Extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW) are defined by birth weight of less than 1000 g and are frequently born at 27 weeks’ gestation (GW) or younger. The neonatologists’ efforts focused on improvement of intact survival rate, especially for those born at the frontiers of viability at 22/23 GW. Survival rates of >80% for the advanced gestations and > 50% for 23–24 GW have been reported. Higher gestational age and birth weight, female gender, better maternal education, and white race have been recognized as significant predictors of decreased morbidity in ELBW infants. Although the mortality rate has significantly contracted for this group with improved technology and better understanding of pathophysiology, the proportion of surviving infants without sequelae, has not improved as noticeably. We review the short and long-term morbidities in ELBW infants and compare own and literature data. We analyze some of the specific immediate problems for this group such as: respiratory problems, infection, thermoregulation, impaired glucose homeostasis and disturbed cardiovascular and excretory functions as well as late morbidities such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, late-onset infections, central nervous system occurrences, retinopathy and anemia of prematurity. We also deal with preventive and therapeutic strategies for improved outcome in this sensitive group of patients.

The concomitant use of vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Y. Al-Jebawi ◽  
K. Karalic ◽  
P. Shekhawat ◽  
M.J. Mhanna
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Late Onset Sepsis ◽  
Increased Risk

BACKGROUND: Late-onset sepsis is common in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants, and it leads to the use of antibiotics to cover resistant organisms, which can be nephrotoxic. Here we have investigated the role of vancomycin plus piperacillin-tazobactam on the rate of acute kidney injury (AKI). METHODS: In a retrospective case-control study, medical records of all ELBW infants who were admitted to our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) with late onset sepsis who were prescribed vancomycin plus piperacillin-tazobactam were reviewed for demographics, clinical characteristics, use of potential nephrotoxic medications and outcomes. RESULTS: During the study period, 264 patients were admitted, of whom 28.4%(75/264) received vancomycin plus piperacillin-tazobactam and were matched with 64 controls. There were no differences in gestational age or birth weight between cases and controls [688±160 vs. 689±162 grams (p = 0.99), and 24.7±1.8 vs. 24.7±1.6 weeks (p = 0.99) respectively]. There was no difference in the rate of sepsis between cases and controls [76%(55/72) vs. 64%(41/64) respectively, p = 0.11]. Infants exposed to vancomycin plus piperacillin-tazobactam had a higher percentage of concomitant use of vasopressors and amphotericin. To adjust for confounders, a logistic regression analysis was conducted with AKI as the dependent variable. Use of vasopressors and vancomycin plus piperacillin-tazobactam were the only risk factors associated with AKI with an adjusted OR (95%CI) of 4.08 (1.90–8.74), p <  0.001; and 2.87 (1.26–6.53), p = 0.01 respectively. CONCLUSION: The use of vancomycin plus piperacillin-tazobactam in ELBW infants is associated with an increased risk for AKI.

Variability in 28-Day Outcomes for Very Low Birth Weight Infants: An Analysis of 11 Neonatal Intensive Care Units

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Horbar ◽  
Timothy L. McAuliffe ◽  
Saul M. Adler ◽  
Susan Albersheim ◽  
George Cassady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
The Individual

A retrospective study of all infants weighing 701 to 1,500 g born at 11 neonatal intensive care centers during 1983 and 1984 was performed to determine whether two specific 28-day outcomes, survival and survival without the need for supplemental oxygen, varied among the centers. Survival without the need for supplemental oxygen was chosen as a reflection of infants surviving without chronic lung disease. There were 1,776 live-born infants delivered during the 2-year study period. Of these infants, 85% (1,512) survived 28 days, a range of 80% to 92% at the individual centers. A total of 60% (1,056) of the infants were alive without supplemental oxygen on day 28, a range of 5l% to 70% at the individual centers. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that both survival on day 28 (χ2 = 23.9, P &lt; .01) and survival without supplemental oxygen on day 28 (χ2 = 44.2, P &lt; .0001) varied significantly among centers after the effects of birth weight, gender, and race were taken into account. Female gender, nonwhite race, and increased birth weight were factors associated with improved rates of survival and survival without supplemental oxygen. The magnitude of outcome variation among centers was estimated by using the logistic regression models to predict what the outcomes would be if each center were to treat a standardized population consisting of all 1,776 study infants. Predicted survival rates varied by as much as 15% and the predicted rates for survival without supplemental oxygen varied by nearly 17% between centers with the highest and lowest rates. The differences in outcomes observed at the centers did not correlate with the number of live births at the centers or with the scores on a simple respiratory practices questionnaire. It was concluded that 28-day outcomes for very low birth weight infants vary significantly among different neonatal intensive care centers. Potential sources of this variation include undetected population differences in neonatal disease severity and differences in the techniques of both obstetrical and neonatal care.

Parenteral Glutamine Supplementation Does Not Reduce the Risk of Mortality or Late-Onset Sepsis in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 1209-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Poindexter ◽  
R. A. Ehrenkranz ◽  
B. J. Stoll ◽  
L. L. Wright ◽  
W. K. Poole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Late Onset Sepsis

scholarly journals Increased CD11b-Density on Circulating Phagocytes as an Early Sign of Late-Onset Sepsis in Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riikka Turunen ◽  
Sture Andersson ◽  
Irmeli Nupponen ◽  
Hannu Kautiainen ◽  
Sanna Siitonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Early Sign ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Late Onset Sepsis
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