scholarly journals Olive Oil Production in Albania, Chemical Characterization, and Authenticity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dritan Topi ◽  
Gamze Guclu ◽  
Hasim Kelebek ◽  
Serkan Selli
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Aroma Compound ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Olive tree is present to the Western and Southern regions of Albania, alongside Adriatic and Ionian Sea, two body waters of the Mediterranean basin. Genetic studies have revealed the existence of 22 native olive cultivars, while several introduced foreign olive cultivars are present. Two most important olive cultivars respectively, exploited in the olive oil production, and table olive, are Kalinjot and Kokërrmadh Berati. Olive fruit production ranks the country 20th in the world. Olive tree comprises an important permanent crop with considerable potential for the Albanian economy. Principal component analyses (PCA) of fatty acids in OO displays their differentiation according to the cultivar and their region. Chemometric analysis gives support to the differentiation of OO according to the olive cv. in terms of phenolic compounds. Secoiridoids are found in abundance, 3,4-DHPEA-EDA and p-HPEA-EDA as dominant compounds, especially in Kalinjot olive oils. Albanian OO shows high levels of aroma compounds with (E)-2-hexenal as the principal aroma compound. Its concentrations reach up to 40411 μg/kg in Kalinjot cv., much higher compared to Bardhi Tirana cv (27542.7 μg/kg). The authenticity of OOs constitutes an opportunity for domestic production and certification according to the geography or origin and present an important resource to the development of a sustainable economy.

Bactrocera oleae (olive fruit fly).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Varikou
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Oleae ◽  
Olive Fruit Fly ◽  
Table Olives ◽  
Olive Fruit ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Abstract B. oleae is considered the most important pest of cultivated olives, Olea europaea L., in many of the areas of the Mediterranean basin, affecting the quality and quantity of both olive oil and table olives (Michelakis and Neuenschwander, 1983; Manousis and Moore, 1987; Economopoulos, 2002). Unlike the fruits attacked by most other Bactrocera spp., olives containing larvae of B. oleae are frequently included in the harvested crop and subsequent oil production.

scholarly journals Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO): Quality, Safety, Authenticity, and Adulteration

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 995
Author(s):  
Theodoros Varzakas
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The prevention and bioactivity effects associated with the so-called “Mediterranean diet” make olive oil the most consumed edible fat in the food intake of the Mediterranean basin [...]

scholarly journals Mediterranean Olive Orchards under Climate Change: A Review of Future Impacts and Adaptation Strategies

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Helder Fraga ◽  
Marco Moriondo ◽  
Luisa Leolini ◽  
João A. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is an ancient traditional crop in the Mediterranean Basin. In the Mediterranean region, traditional olive orchards are distinguishable by their prevailing climatic conditions. Olive trees are indeed considered one of the most suitable and best-adapted species to the Mediterranean-type climate. However, new challenges are predicted to arise from climate change, threatening this traditional crop. The Mediterranean Basin is considered a climate change “hotspot,” as future projections hint at considerable warming and drying trends. Changes in olive tree suitability have already been reported over the last few decades. In this context, climate change may become particularly challenging for olive growers. The growing evidence for significant climate change in the upcoming decades urges adaptation measures to be taken. To effectively cope with the projected changes, both short and long-term adaptation strategies must be timely planned by the sector stakeholders and decision-makers to adapt for a warmer and dryer future. The current manuscript is devoted to illustrating the main impacts of climate change on olive tree cultivation in the Mediterranean Basin, by reviewing the most recent studies on this subject. Additionally, an analysis of possible adaptation strategies against the potentially negative impacts of climate change was also performed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Olives Cultivated in Southern Italy by Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocenzo Muzzalupo ◽  
Francesca Stefanizzi ◽  
Enzo Perri
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a species of great economic importance in the Mediterranean basin. Italy is very important for the olive industry; in fact, olive's genetic patrimony is very rich and characterized by an abundance of cultivars. At present, the majority of ancient landraces are vegetatively propagated by farm. It is likely that the number of cultivars is underestimated because of inadequate information on minor local cultivars that are widespread in different olive-growing areas. The existence of many cultivars reinforces the need for a reliable identification method. It is important to improve the ex situ plant germplasm collection and fairly to characterize all cultivars for future breeding programs. In the present report, we used 11 loci microsatellites to characterize 211 olive cultivars of an olive collection cultivated in six regions of southern Italy. These regions represent the major area for olive cultivation in Italy and have a strategic geographical location in the Mediterranean basin. The dendrogram obtained, using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering algorithm, depicts the pattern of relationships between the studied cultivars. There is a clear structuring of the variability relative to the geographic origin of olive cultivars. This work, for the very high number of the Italian olive cultivars analyzed, highlights the degree and distribution of genetic diversity of this species for better exploitation of olive resources and for the design of plant breeding programs. Besides, the use of molecular markers, like simple sequence repeats, is imperative to build a database for cultivar analysis, for traceability of processed food, and for appropriate management of olive germplasm collections.

scholarly journals Genetic flow among olive populations within the Mediterranean basin

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina di Rienzo ◽  
Sara Sion ◽  
Francesca Taranto ◽  
Nunzio D’Agostino ◽  
Cinzia Montemurro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Background The olive tree is a typical crop of the Mediterranean basin where it shows a wide diversity, accounting for more than 2,600 cultivars. The ability to discriminate olive cultivars and determine their genetic variability is pivotal for an optimal exploitation of olive genetic resources. Methods We investigated the genetic diversity within 128 olive accessions belonging to four countries in the Mediterranean Basin (Italy, Algeria, Syria, and Malta), with the purpose of better understanding the origin and spread of the olive genotypes across Mediterranean Basin countries. Eleven highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used and proved to be very informative, producing a total of 179 alleles. Results Cluster analysis distinguished three main groups according to their geographical origin, with the current sample of Maltese accessions included in the Italian group. Phylogenetic analysis further differentiated Italian and Maltese olive accessions, clarifying the intermediate position of Maltese accessions along the x/y-axes of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). Model-based and neighbor clustering, PCoA, and migration analysis suggested the existence of two different gene pools (Algerian and Syrian) and that the genetic exchange occurred between the Syrian, Italian and Maltese populations. Discussion The close relationship between Syrian and Italian and Maltese olives was consistent with the historical domestication and migration of olive tree from the North Levant to eastern Mediterranean basin. This study lays the foundations for a better understanding of olive genetic diversity in the Mediterranean basin and represents a step toward an optimal conservation and exploitation of olive genetic resources.

scholarly journals Allozyme variation of oleaster populations (wild olive tree) (Olea europaea L.) in the Mediterranean Basin

Heredity ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Lumaret ◽  
N Ouazzani ◽  
H Michaud ◽  
G Vivier ◽  
M-F Deguilloux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Olea Europaea L ◽  
Wild Olive ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Olea Europaéa

scholarly journals BURSAPHELENCHUS SPECIES (NEMATODA: APHELENCHIDA) ASSOCIATED WITH AN OLIVE TREE IN CENTRAL ITALY

Redia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
GIULIA TORRINI ◽  
AGOSTINO STRANGI ◽  
STEFANIA SIMONCINI ◽  
ILARIA CUTINO ◽  
GIUSEPPE MAZZA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Dead Tree ◽  
Phytoparasitic Nematodes ◽  
Olive Cultivation ◽  
Cultural Interest ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Olive cultivation is of great economic, ecological, and cultural interest in Italy, as well as in the rest of the Mediterranean basin. Among the pests of olive trees, several groups of insects, mites, and nematodes have been reported. Phytoparasitic nematodes especially of the genera Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, Tylenchulus, Rotylenchulus, and Heterodera have usually been extracted from roots and soil around trees. On the other hand, no information is available concerning nematodes directly associated with the wood. At the end of September 2018, in a high-density cultivated olive grove in Tuscany (central Italy), several olive trees with decline symptoms were observed. Three Bursaphelenchus species, B. fungivorus, B. minutus, and B. sexdentati were extracted from the wood of one dead tree. Even though these species had already been reported in Italy, these findings were the first ones recorded in olive wood. Moreover, another undescribed Bursaphelenchusspecies was found associated with the bark beetle Hylesinus fraxini collected from olive trunks and branches. Further research is needed to investigate the role of insects and Bursaphelenchus spp. in the decline processes of olive trees.

scholarly journals Bioactive Clerodane Diterpenes from Roots of Carex Distachya

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000501
Author(s):  
Antonio Fiorentino ◽  
Brigida D'Abrosca ◽  
Severina Pacifico ◽  
Angelina Izzo ◽  
Grazia D'Angelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
2D Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Clerodane Diterpenes ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Two new clerodane diterpenes were isolated from roots of Carex distachya Desf., a perennial plant widely distributed in the coastal area of the Mediterranean basin. Chemical characterization of the metabolites was carried out mainly by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The isolated compounds influenced either positively or negatively the plant growth (root and shoot elongation) of three coexisting herbaceous species.

Candidatus phytoplasma phoenicium.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Quaglino
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Aetiological Agent ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Abstract Phytoplasmas are wall-less parasitic bacteria living exclusively in plant phloem as consequence of transmission by sap-sucking insect vectors (Lee et al., 2000); they have been associated with several hundred plant diseases. 'Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium' (CaPphoe), subgroup 16SrIX-B, is the aetiological agent of almond witches'-broom (AlmWB), a severe disease affecting almond, peach and nectarine trees in Lebanon and Iran. The first epidemics of AlmWB occurred in almond trees in Lebanon in the early 1990s and in Iran in 1995. In Lebanon, the disease rapidly spread from coastal to high mountainous areas, killing almost 150,000 trees over a period of 15 years. CaPphoe was first added to the EPPO Alert List in 2001 and removed from the list in 2006. The more recent rapid spread of CaPphoe in peach and nectarine orchards and in other plant hosts, along with the identification of efficient insect vectors, increased the alarm about the risk it poses for stone fruit production in the Middle East and in all the countries of the Mediterranean basin. Thus it was re-inserted in the EPPO Alert List in 2015.

Phenolic profiles of eight olive cultivars from Algeria: effect ofBactrocera oleaeattack

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 890-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda Medjkouh ◽  
Abderezak Tamendjari ◽  
Rita C. Alves ◽  
Rahima Laribi ◽  
M. Beatriz P. P. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Bactrocera Oleae ◽  
Olive Fruit ◽  
Olive Fly ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Phenolic Profiles

Olive fly (Bactrocera oleaeR.) affects olive fruit development and olive oil production.

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