scholarly journals White Striping and Wooden Breast Myopathies in the Poultry Industry: An Overview of Changes in the Skin, Bone Tissue and Intestinal Microbiota and Their Economic Impact

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayka Reghiany Pedrão ◽  
Rafaele Martins de Souza ◽  
Helder Louvandini ◽  
Patricia Louvandini ◽  
Roberta Barreiro de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
White Striping ◽  
Wooden Breast

Considerable advances in the poultry industry have been observed in the last sixty years. Consequently, new technological and biological processes have accompanied the development of animals and inputs. With these new possibilities and growth in the sector, there was also the emergence of new paradigms, one of which being the different types of myopathies. In the poultry industry, the breast is one of the noble parts and, therefore, a lot has been studied about the occurrences, alterations and/or different myopathies that alter its quality characteristics. Here we will highlight White striping (WS) and Wooden breast (WB), both investigated more recently due to changes in quality characteristics and considerable losses. The objectives of this review will be to discuss the biochemical parameters of these meats affected by myopathies WS and WB and their consequences on the development of skin, bone and intestinal microbiota lesions; correlate with the impacts of these occurrences to economic losses associated with partial and total condemnations of the carcasses. Another approach is that fast-growing animals have a drop in their quality of life, impacting the well-being of birds since the inflammatory process and excess weight have a direct correlation with dermatitis, corns, arthritis and other comorbidities.

scholarly journals Economic losses associated with Wooden Breast and White Striping in broilers

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Augusto Zanetti ◽  
Denise Cristina Tedesco ◽  
Tatiele Schneider ◽  
Sabrina Tolotti Fraga Teixeira ◽  
Luciane Daroit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Condemnation Rate ◽  
White Striping ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Wooden Breast

Currently, two defects in poultry breasts termed Wooden Breast (WB) and White Striping (WS) have been reported in slaughterhouses. These defects may be associated with the accelerated growth of the birds, management, density in the aviary, and both weight and age at slaughter. Although the health of the affected birds is not impaired, these myopathies cause carcass condemnation and economic losses to slaughterhouses, since the breasts of these chickens, considered to be prime cuts in the poultry industry, have to be discarded. This paper reports on the economic losses and factors associated with carcass condemnation caused by white striping (WS) and wooden breast (WB) in broilers from a federally inspected slaughterhouse. Twelve flocks, totaling 207,000 slaughtered broilers, were assessed as to weight and age at slaughter, and stocking density and carcass condemnations due to these two myopathies were also evaluated. Economic losses were estimated by the price of poultry breast at the firm level, around U$ 19,12 per kilo, amounting to daily losses of up to U$ 70,632.00, given that approximately 0.8% of the chicken breasts were condemned. Heavier broilers had a larger condemnation rate due to WS and WB, and so did those reared at a smaller density, due probably to their better access to water and feed, which contributed to weight gain and consequent condemnation, resulting in losses that could affect the entire poultry sector.

scholarly journals Etlik Piliçlerde Odunsu Göğüs Eti Sendromu ve Etkileri

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1638-1646
Author(s):  
Tuğçe Uzun ◽  
Aylin Ağma Okur
Keyword(s):  
Pectoral Muscle ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Breast Meat Yield ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Muscle Disorder ◽  
Wooden Breast ◽  
Processing Properties

The aim of the study is to present a review about the "Wooden Breast Syndrome" (WBS) syndrome, which is a muscle disorder that has become increasingly important in recent years, and the etiology of the abnormalities caused by this myopathy, and its histological, macroscopic, and microscopic features. Besides, the effects on the visual, sensory, functional, mechanical quality and processing properties of the breast meat of broilers and their negative effects on the poultry industry were also discussed. Since this myopathy gives a hard structure to the pectolaris major muscle, it is called "Wooden Breast" in public. It is assumed that the leading direct and indirect causes of WB syndrome in broilers are pectoral muscle hypertrophy (volume increase in muscle cells), rapid growth rate, and high breast meat yield. Also, age, gender, diet, feed restriction, oxidative stress, genetics, etc. factors are also thought to be effective. However, the etiology of WB syndrome is still unclear in many aspects. As a result of the macroscopic examination of the wooden breast meat, a striking stiffness, swelling, viscous exudate (inflammatory fluid), petechial (purple-red bleeding spots) fluid, and a pale appearance in the pectoral major muscles are observed, and the lesions that occur can be detected by palpation. Due to these visual and sensory defects in breast meat, the consumability of meat decreases and this leads to significant economic losses for the poultry industry.

scholarly journals Monitoring of white striping and wooden breast cases and impacts on quality of breast meat collected from commercial broilers (Gallus gallus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1807-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwares Malila ◽  
Juthawut U-chupaj ◽  
Yanee Srimarut ◽  
Premsak Chaiwiwattrakul ◽  
Tanaporn Uengwetwanit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
White Striping ◽  
Wooden Breast

scholarly journals Spaghetti Meat Abnormality in Broilers: Current Understanding and Future Research Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Baldi ◽  
Francesca Soglia ◽  
Massimiliano Petracci
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Meat Composition ◽  
White Striping ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Wooden Breast

Spaghetti meat (SM) is a recent muscular abnormality that affects the Pectoralis major muscle of fast-growing broilers. As the appellative suggests, this condition phenotypically manifests as a loss of integrity of the breast muscle, which appears soft, mushy, and sparsely tight, resembling spaghetti pasta. The incidence of SM can reach up to 20% and its occurrence exerts detrimental effects on meat composition, nutritional value, and technological properties, accounting for an overall decreased meat value and important economic losses related to the necessity to downgrade affected meats. However, due to its recentness, the causative mechanisms are still partially unknown and less investigated compared to other muscular abnormalities (i.e., White Striping and Wooden Breast), for which cellular stress and hypoxia caused by muscle hypertrophy are believed to be the main triggering factors. Within this scenario, the present review aims at providing a clear and concise summary of the available knowledge concerning SM abnormality and concurrently presenting the existing research gaps, as well as the potential future developments in the field.

scholarly journals Wooden breast and white striping: comparative occurrence in three poultry companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina T. Fraga ◽  
Fátima R.F. Jaenisch ◽  
Jane O. Peixoto ◽  
Arlei Coldebella ◽  
Karen A. Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
White Striping ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Wooden Breast

ABSTRACT: To increase the amount of meat produced, researchers have promoted intensive genetic selection for growth rate and muscling and have improved nutrition and management conditions. However, there has been an increase in the number of reports of breast muscle myopathies observed in poultry processing plants, including white striping (WS) and wooden breast (WB). This study aimed to evaluate and to compare the occurrence of WS and WB myopathies in three poultry processing plants and to perform an anatomopathological characterization, including macroscopic and microscopic analyses. A total of 408,334 carcasses were condemned or downgraded due to the presence of WB or WS, which represents 0.73% of the total number of slaughtered animals during the evaluated period. WB was more frequent than WS, but the occurrence of each myopathy varied significantly according to each establishment. WB was more frequent in the establishment which includes only male flocks, an average age of 45 days, and an average live weight of 2775g (B). WS was more frequent in establishment with male, female and mixed flocks, average ages ranging from 41 to 44 days, and average live weight 1731g-2830g (A). It is probably related with specific condition of each poultry company, including genetics, age, nutrition and management conditions. Macroscopically, WB and WS lesions are characterized by hypertrophy and stiffness of the pectoralis major muscle. Under microscopy, the myopathies showed similarities regarding the detected histological abnormalities, characterized by a process of myodegeneration, although the connective tissue infiltrate was more severe in the breasts with WB than in those with WS myopathy. The results found in this study demonstrate that the rates of condemnation for these myopathies are high, vary significantly among the analyzed companies and may cause major economic losses for the productive sector in the region.

TOWARDS AN AVIAN FLICKER VISIBILITY MEASURE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sekulovski ◽  
M. Perz ◽  
A. Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Light Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Bird Vision ◽  
Modulated Light ◽  
Health And Well Being

We propose a measure of temporal light quality that could be used to design flicker-free light sources, as perceived by birds. It can be applied to, among others, the poultry industry to reduce the negative impact of the modulated light on chicken health and well-being. The model is built by modifying an existing human flicker visibility model considering properties of bird vision. We discuss the implications of the model responses on the temporal quality of relevant historical light sources.

scholarly journals The influence of the intestinal microbiota and its modifications on the well-being of patients with depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 314-323
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Wardziukiewicz ◽  
Ewa Stachowska
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Depression is an increasingly common disease that significantly reduces quality of life. The number of patients with depression is constantly increasing, especially among younger people. There are many likely causes of depression related to internal as well as environmental factors. It is possible that the intestinal microbiota may play an important role in the development of depressive symptoms. Its diversity is important for the proper development and functioning of the nervous system, in which an important role is played by the gut brain axis, which is the path-way of communication of intestinal microorganisms with the central nervous system. Changes in the number and diversity of the intestinal microbiota affect many pathways potentially related to mood, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, tryptophan metabolism, as well as the synthesis of neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids and brainderived neurotrophic factor. These changes can also affect the response of the immune system and inflammatory processes. Therefore, it seems that modulation of the intestinal microbiota through diet components and probiotic supplementation may be extremely important in the treatment of depression, also as one of the methods of treating this pharmacotherapyresistant condition. This work focuses on the effects of intestinal microbiota and its changes on the well-being of patients with depression.

Perceived Overprotection and Its Association With Quality of Life in Dementia

GeroPsych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Mechthild Niemann-Mirmehdi ◽  
Andreas Häusler ◽  
Paul Gellert ◽  
Johanna Nordheim
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Mental Well Being

Abstract. To date, few studies have focused on perceived overprotection from the perspective of people with dementia (PwD). In the present examination, the association of perceived overprotection in PwD is examined as an autonomy-restricting factor and thus negative for their mental well-being. Cross-sectional data from the prospective DYADEM study of 82 patient/partner dyads (mean age = 74.26) were used to investigate the association between overprotection, perceived stress, depression, and quality of life (QoL). The analyses show that an overprotective contact style with PwD has a significant positive association with stress and depression, and has a negative association with QoL. The results emphasize the importance of avoiding an overprotective care style and supporting patient autonomy.

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