scholarly journals Periodontal Medicine: Impact of Periodontal Status on Pregnancy Outcomes and Carcinogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Valentina Caracostea ◽  
Alexandru Bucur ◽  
Iulia Cristina Micu ◽  
Andrada Soanca ◽  
Andreea Ciurea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Periodontal Medicine

Periodontal medicine is a broad term commonly used to define the relationship between periodontitis and systemic health. Periodontitis is a highly prevalent, chronic multifactorial infectious disease, induced by the dysbiotic biofilm that triggers a persistent systemic inflammation and recurrent bacteremia. There is a growing body of scientific evidence that suggests the potential implication of periodontitis in the causation and progression of various systemic disease and conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes and cancer. Some studies consider periodontitis as an independent risk factor for preterm birth, growth restriction, low birth-weight and pre-eclampsia. However not all studies support the association. Despite sparse scientific data, some studies indicate that individuals with periodontitis are at increased risk for cancer development, due to the increased inflammatory burden sustained by the presence of periodontal pathogens. This chapter emphasis the relationship between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes and the underlying mechanisms that link peridontitis to oral carcinogenesis.

Study on the Relationship Between Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnant Women and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Hao Huang ◽  
Ting-Ting Peng ◽  
Sheng-Guang Yan ◽  
Dong-Dong Yu ◽  
Jun-Chao Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hbsag Carrier ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Dna 2 ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective: Aim to the relationship between adverse pregnant outcomes with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnant women. Simultaneously, assess the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) among different serum HBV status in pregnant women. Method: From 2017 to 2019, we studied HBsAg (+) pregnant women and HBsAg (-) who gave birth at our hospital in Guangzhou City, China. We compared of the incidence of pregnant women with HBsAg(+) or HBsAg(-). Further, among HBsAg(+) pregnant women, We compared of the incidence of pregnant women with HBeAg(+) group or HBeAg(-) group, high HBV DNA loads (HBV DNA≥2×10^5IU/mL) group or low HBV DNA loads (HBV DNA＜2×10^5IU/mL) group, respectively. Finally, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent association between HBV infection and the risk of developing APO.Result: First, Our research Indicates that the rates of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), premature rupture of membrane (PROM), Fetal distress (FD), Oligohydramnios, Premature delivery (PD), Low birth weight (LBW), Meconium contamination (MC), Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia(NH) in HBsAg(+) group were higher than those in HBsAg(-) group (P<0.05). Second, among 711 HBsAg(+) pregnant women, the rates of GDM and ICP in high loads of HBV DNA were higher than those in low loads of HBV DNA group (P<0.05). Similarly, The rates of ICP in HBeAg(+) group were higher than those in HBeAg(-) group. Further, through multivariable logistical regression model analysis, we observed maternal HBsAg carrier (OR, 6.758; 95% CI, 2.358-19.369) had an independent risk for ICP. Similarly, HBsAg carrier(OR, 1.101; 95% CI, 1.066-1.137) ,advanced age (OR, 1.407; 95% CI,1.016-1.137) and abortion(OR,1.446; 95% CI, 1.062-1.969) had independent risk for GDM. Conclusions: Chronic HBV infection can increase the rate of host adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO). The maternal viral load and HBeAg status were significantly associated with the incidence of GDM and ICP. Maternal HBsAg carrier had an independent risk for GDM and ICP.

scholarly journals 689: Does maternal inflammation mediate the relationship between antenatal depression and adverse pregnancy outcomes?

2017 ◽  
Vol 216 (1) ◽  
pp. S404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily S. Miller ◽  
William A. Grobman ◽  
Jennifer Culhane ◽  
Emma Adam ◽  
Claudia Buss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Inflammation ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Assessing the relationship between adverse pregnancy outcomes and area-level deprivation in Wales 2014–2019: a national population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e052330
Author(s):  
Heather Brown ◽  
Amrita Jesurasa ◽  
Clare Bambra ◽  
Judith Rankin ◽  
Amy McNaughton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Emergency Caesarean Section ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Perineal Tear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the relationship between deciles of area-level deprivation and seven adverse pregnancy outcomes in Wales.DesignCross-sectional analysis.Setting64 699 live births in Wales from 31 March 2014 to 16 September 2019.Primary outcome variableWe examined each of the following seven adverse pregnancy outcomes: (1) small for gestational age (SGA); (2) large for gestational age; (3) preterm birth; (4) third-degree or fourth-degree perineal tear; (5) major postpartum haemorrhage (MPPH); (6) a lower Apgar score at 5 min and (7) emergency caesarean section.ResultsThere was no significant association between increasing aggregate measures of area-level deprivation and the adverse pregnancy outcomes we studied. Women living in an area with greater access to services are more likely to have a baby that is SGA (1.27, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.49), have a greater likelihood of a perineal tear (1.74, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.61), are significantly less likely to have MPPH (0.79, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.96), have a baby with an Apgar score of 0.26 higher (95% CI 0.22 to 0.29) and are significantly less likely to have an emergency caesarean section (0.81, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.88). Women living in areas with higher employment (0.26, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.36) and better health (0.26, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.35) were less likely to experience perineal tear.ConclusionsThere was no clear social-spatial gradient in area-level deprivation and adverse pregnancy outcomes. We found a stronger association for individual-level behavioural risk factors than area-level factors. These findings support the benefits that accessible and holistic person-centred care may bring through addressing individual behavioural risk factors. There is a need for improved data completeness and further individual-level data on risk factors such as employment and income to better understand the role which may be played by population-level policies and their pathways to affecting outcomes.

Periodontal Medicine: 100 Years of Progress

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1053-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Beck ◽  
P.N. Papapanou ◽  
K.H. Philips ◽  
S. Offenbacher
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Periodontal Infection ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Periodontal Medicine

Periodontal medicine is a term used to describe how periodontal infection/inflammation may impact extraoral health. Periodontitis has been linked to over 50 systemic diseases and conditions. As part of the Journal of Dental Research’s Centennial Celebration, this narrative review discusses periodontal medicine research done over the past 100 y, with particular focus on the effects of periodontal disease on 3 pathological conditions: cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. We selected 29 total studies that were the “first” of their kind, as they provided novel observations or contributed to shifting paradigms as well as important studies that made strong contributions to progress in understanding relationships to the systemic conditions. These studies were organized in an overview timeline and broken down into timelines by topic: cardiovascular disease ( n = 10), diabetes ( n = 12), and adverse pregnancy outcomes ( n = 7). Overall, the majority of cross-sectional, case-control, and longitudinal studies have revealed positive associations between poor periodontal status and cardiovascular disease, diabetes metabolic control, and a number of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and these associations are upheld in systematic reviews. Findings from randomized controlled trials testing the effects of periodontal therapy on systemic health outcomes were conflicting and inconsistent. While there has been a great deal of progress, we highlight lessons learned and make comments and suggestions on a number of key aspects, including the heterogeneity of case definitions of periodontal disease across studies, accounting for features of the periodontal phenotype that are most relevant to the biological link between periodontitis and systemic outcomes, the role of other comorbid inflammatory conditions, selection of study participants, and timing and intensity of the periodontal intervention.

scholarly journals Associations between insulin resistance and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Lin ◽  
Hua Jin ◽  
Lei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background This study aimed to explore the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to determine the risk factors for IR in women with GDM. Methods This study employed a retrospective survey of 710 women diagnosed with GDM. Serum lipids, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and serum protein were measured in the first trimester (6–12 weeks), and OGTT and fasting insulin tests were performed in the second trimester (24–28 weeks). These results were then used to evaluate IR by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). When HOMA-IR ≥ 2.0, IR was diagnosed. The relationship between HOMA-IR and adverse pregnancy outcomes was analyzed by a logistic regression model, and multiple stepwise regression was used to analyze the risk factors of IR. Results IR significantly increasd the risk of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and large for gestational age (LGA) (OR = 5.31,95%CI:1.87,15.10; OR = 1.65,95%CI:1.10, 2.48, respectively) in women with GDM, but not for cesarean section, premature delivery, premature rupture of membranes, postpartum hemorrhage, macrosomia and SGA. Compared to normal groups, greater body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy category (overweight or obesity group) were associated with higher risk of IR in the second trimester, the OR (95% CI) were 4.09 (2.65, 6.30) and 6.52 (2.99, 14.20). And higher level of FPG (OR = 1.63, 95%CI: 1.11, 2.40), TG (OR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.63) and weight gain before diagnosis of GDM (OR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.15) were also associated with higher risk of IR in the second trimester in women with GDM, while age (OR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.90, 0.98)was the weak protective factor for IR. Conclusion GDM with IR in the second trimester increased adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and LGA. In addition, FPG, HbA1c, and TG in early pregnancy, pre-pregnant BMI and weight gain before diagnosis of GDM were all independent risk factors for IR.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Pregnancy-Associated Malaria and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M Thompson ◽  
Stephanie M Eick ◽  
Cody Dailey ◽  
Ariella P Dale ◽  
Mansi Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth (PTB) and low birthweight (LBW), which are among the leading causes of infant mortality globally. Rates of PTB and LBW are high in countries with a high burden of malaria. PAM may be a contributing factor to PTB and LBW, but is not well understood. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the relationship between PAM and PTB or LBW using PubMed. The title and abstract of all studies were screened by two reviewers, and the full text of selected studies was reviewed to ensure they met inclusion criteria. Information regarding study characteristics and of PTB and LBW births among women with and without PAM was abstracted for included studies. Results Our search terms yielded 2237 articles, of which 18 met our final inclusion criteria. Eight studies examined associations between PAM and PTB, and 10 examined associations between PAM and LBW (population size ranging from 35 to 9956 women). The overall risk of LBW was 63% higher among women with PAM compared with women without PAM (95% CI = 1.48–1.80) and the risk of PTB was 23% higher among women with PAM compared with women without PAM (95% CI = 1.07–1.41). Conclusions These results indicate that infection with PAM is associated with PTB and LBW. Further understanding of the pathogenesis of disease and the immunologic changes that occur during pregnancy is essential for reducing the disproportional effects this disease has on this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Hemoglobin concentrations and adverse birth outcomes in South Asian pregnant women: findings from a prospective Maternal and Neonatal Health Registry

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumera Aziz Ali ◽  
Shiyam Sunder Tikmani ◽  
Sarah Saleem ◽  
Archana B. Patel ◽  
Patricia L. Hibberd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Health Registry ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background While the relationship between hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and pregnancy outcomes has been studied often, most reports have focused on a specific Hb cutoff used to define anemia. Fewer studies have evaluated pregnancy outcomes across the entire range of Hb values. Moreover, to date, most studies of the relationship of Hb concentrations to pregnancy outcomes have been done in high-income countries. Thus, we have sought to determine the relationship between the range of maternal Hb concentrations and adverse birth outcomes among South Asian pregnant women. Methods For this study, we used data collected from two South Asian countries (Pakistan – Sindh Province and two sites in India - Belagavi and Nagpur) in a prospective maternal and newborn health registry study. To assess the association between Hb concentrations and various maternal and fetal outcomes, we classified the Hb concentrations into seven categories. Regression analyses adjusting for multiple potential confounders were performed to assess adverse pregnancy outcomes across the range of Hb concentrations. Findings Between January 2012 and December 2018, 130,888 pregnant women were enrolled in the South Asian sites had a Hb measurement available, delivered and were included in the analyses. Overall, the mean Hb concentration of pregnant women from the sites was 9.9 g/dL, 10.0 g/dL in the Indian sites and 9.5 g/dL in the Pakistan site. Hb concentrations < 7 g/dL were observed in 6.9% of the pregnant Pakistani women and 0.2% of the Indian women. In both the Pakistani and Indian sites, women with higher parity and women with no formal education had lower Hb concentrations. In the Pakistani site, women > 35 years of age, women with ≥4 children and those who enrolled in the third trimester were more likely to have Hb concentrations of < 7 g/dL but these associations were not found for the Indian sites. When adjusting for potential confounders, for both India and Pakistan, lower Hb concentrations were associated with stillbirth, preterm birth, lower mean birthweight, and increased risk of low birthweight. In the Pakistani site, there was evidence of a U-shaped relationship between Hb concentrations and low birth weight, and neonatal mortality, and in India with hypertensive disease. Interpretation This study documented the relationship between maternal Hb concentrations and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women from the Pakistani and Indian sites across the range of Hb values. Both low and high Hb concentrations were associated with risk of at least some adverse outcomes. Hence, both low and high values of Hb should be considered risk factors for the mother and fetus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document