scholarly journals Development of an Intelligent Standing Wheelchair with Reclining Characteristics

Paraplegia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignatio Madanhire ◽  
Tawanda Mushiri ◽  
Panganai Musariri
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Local Production ◽  
User Requirement ◽  
Back Seat ◽  
Intelligent Wheelchair ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Lift Mechanism ◽  
Requirement Validation

The widespread of motor neurone weakness has become a major concern as a result of accidents, ageing, birth defects and other hereditary diseases. A huge number of paraplegics can barely do activities for themselves without assistance from helpers. This study seeks to develop an intelligent wheelchair that has an assistive lifting and multi-posture reclining mechanisms to help in elevating the user from sit to stand posture as well as recline the seat for angles between 90 and 180 degrees through use of hydraulic linear actuators. The design would incorporate strain gauge sensors on the lower back area of the seat to enable the user to stand by merely leaning forward; thereby decreasing the strain on the lower back seat to trigger the lift mechanism until the required height is attained. While pressing the sit button on the console would enable the lowering of the user to a sitting position. The wheelchair development would also enable intelligent mobility through use of ultrasonic sensors to detect obstacles and assist in the braking effort by the user. An economic analysis was done to assess the feasibility viability of the design for local production. Some user requirement validation was undertaken to establish the extent to which the design would satisfy the key requirements of the intended beneficiaries.

scholarly journals Effects of Taping the Lower Back on the Lumbopelvic Region and Hip Joint Kinematics During Sit-to-Stand

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Si-Hyun Kim ◽  
Kyue-Nam Park ◽  
Oh-Yun Kwon ◽  
Houng-Sik Choi
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Lower Back

scholarly journals Neonatal Screening for Monogenic Inborn Pathology in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 292-298
Author(s):  
E. M. Omelchenko ◽  
O. O. Polka ◽  
L. A. Karamzina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Genetic Screening ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Screening Programs

The International Clearinghouse for Surveillance and Research on Congenital Defects is collecting data from surveillance of birth defects and research programs around the world to investigate, prevent and mitigate birth defects. In Ukraine, data collection on the prevalence of congenital malformations is carried out by the national profile regulator – the Ministry of Health. There is a spectrum of risk factors that increase the prevalence of genetic birth defects leading to neonatal and infant mortality, mental retardation and lifelong disability. Screening programs, including neonatal genetic screening, help to avoid such risks. Such testing with a stable detection result is carried out only for 3 diseases: phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism, cystic fibrosis today in Ukraine. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the results of screening for monogenic pathology among newborns in Ukraine. Material and methods. The results of screening for hereditary pathology of newborns in Ukraine were evaluated over a 10-year period: from 2010 to 2019. The information base was the data of official medical statistics. Out of 4,308,100 live births, 9,199,817 newborns were covered by neonatal genetic screening. The presence of genetic pathology was identified and confirmed at 1313 children. Results and discussion. According to a group of researchers from the Wadsworth Center (New York, USA), the development of the science of newborn screening, especially with new technologies, providing new types of information (genetic and physiological) for each new condition, is possible only with pilot programs. During 2010-2019 in Ukraine neonatal genetic screening covered phenylketonuria in 89.56% of newborns, hypothyroidism in 84.43% of newborns, and cystic fibrosis in 39.55% of newborns. It is necessary to create a state program of mass examination for hereditary diseases that can be treated. The main purpose of such a program is to predict the dynamics of genetic load among the population to develop the necessary medical and social measures. A decrease in the number of births of children with congenital malformations is possible in the context of government programs aimed at reducing risk factors causing congenital anomalies, as well as taking preventive measures. The main goal of such a program is to predict the dynamics of the genetic load among the population in order to develop the necessary medical and social measures. Conclusion. In Ukraine today there are no targeted programs for comprehensive prevention of congenital pathology. Improvement of the situation is possible through the involvement of high technologies, allowing to expand the panel of genetic screening to start early treatment and reduce negative results. Genetic screening has been shown to be an effective tool for detecting congenital metabolic disorders

scholarly journals Optimal foot-position of caregiver based on muscle activity of lower back and lower limb while providing sit-to-stand support

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kodai Kitagawa ◽  
Takayuki Nagasaki ◽  
Sota Nakano ◽  
Mitsumasa Hida ◽  
Shogo Okamatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Foot Position

DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS AND HEREDITARY DISEASES IN NEWBORNS OF KURSK REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Solodoukhina D.P. ◽  
Shlyapcev I.I.
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Perinatal Center ◽  
Kursk Region

The article presents analysis of congenital malformations and hereditary diseases in newborns of Kursk region from the position of public health. Methodology of work includes retrospective analytical study of screening lists and discharge records in case-histories of the Regional perinatal center of Kursk; content-analysis of medical-statistical reports of the medical-genetic consulting center of Kursk regional clinical hospital. In the result of the study there were detected trends in main congenital pathologies of newborns in Kursk region during the years 2015-2019, as well as structure of birth defects by localization. The most prevalent congenital malformations in newborns in Kursk region were cardiovascular pathology, urinary system anomalies, chromosome diseases and central nervous system anomalies. Factors detected as associated with congenital malformations in newborns included low birth weight and living in rural area. The results of the study are applicable for the development of public health programs aimed at improvement of preventive services and organization of medical care for children with birth defects.

scholarly journals Assessment of Sit-to-Stand Transfers during Daily Life Using an Accelerometer on the Lower Back

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6618
Author(s):  
Lukas Adamowicz ◽  
F. Isik Karahanoglu ◽  
Christopher Cicalo ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Charmaine Demanuele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Group ◽  
The Impact

The ability to perform sit-to-stand (STS) transfers has a significant impact on the functional mobility of an individual. Wearable technology has the potential to enable the objective, long-term monitoring of STS transfers during daily life. However, despite several recent efforts, most algorithms for detecting STS transfers rely on multiple sensing modalities or device locations and have predominantly been used for assessment during the performance of prescribed tasks in a lab setting. A novel wavelet-based algorithm for detecting STS transfers from data recorded using an accelerometer on the lower back is presented herein. The proposed algorithm is independent of device orientation and was validated on data captured in the lab from younger and older healthy adults as well as in people with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD). The algorithm was then used for processing data captured in free-living conditions to assess the ability of multiple features extracted from STS transfers to detect age-related group differences and assess the impact of monitoring duration on the reliability of measurements. The results show that performance of the proposed algorithm was comparable or significantly better than that of a commercially available system (precision: 0.990 vs. 0.868 in healthy adults) and a previously published algorithm (precision: 0.988 vs. 0.643 in persons with Parkinson’s disease). Moreover, features extracted from STS transfers at home were able to detect age-related group differences at a higher level of significance compared to data captured in the lab during the performance of prescribed tasks. Finally, simulation results showed that a monitoring duration of 3 days was sufficient to achieve good reliability for measurement of STS features. These results point towards the feasibility of using a single accelerometer on the lower back for detection and assessment of STS transfers during daily life. Future work in different patient populations is needed to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, as well as assess the sensitivity and reliability of the STS features.

SSRI Use in Pregnancy May Increase Birth Defects

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (16) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
SHARON WORCESTER
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
In Pregnancy
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