scholarly journals Control Strategy for Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiana Gabriela Barbosa de Souza ◽  
Eduardo José de Arruda ◽  
Raphael Antônio Borges Gomes ◽  
Alex Martins Machado ◽  
Antônio Pancrácio de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
The World ◽  
Adaptive Ability ◽  
High Degree ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Vectorial Competence

The mosquito Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), is adapted to different environments, mainly urban ones. They have a high degree of vectorial competence for viral diseases, especially Dengue, the arbovirus with the highest number of cases in the world. The adaptive ability of this insect and the abundance of breeding sites have undermined attempts at population’s control, resulting in a high degree of infestation in many regions of the world, resulting in a Dengue endemic. It is important to understand the different nuances of the insect in order to understand the adaptive capacity of this vector, through the knowledge of his behavior, to propose new strategies and engagement of population in proactive actions that allow the population control of this vector, especially in periods of greater proliferation. This chapter discusses population control strategies, in different scenarios and carried out by different researchers, mainly in Brazil.

scholarly journals Superinfection Exclusion in Mosquitoes and Its Potential as an Arbovirus Control Strategy

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1259
Author(s):  
Mathilde Laureti ◽  
Prasad N. Paradkar ◽  
John K. Fazakerley ◽  
Julio Rodriguez-Andres
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Disease Emergence ◽  
Superinfection Exclusion ◽  
The World ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Primary Virus

The continuing emergence of arbovirus disease outbreaks around the world, despite the use of vector control strategies, warrants the development of new strategies to reduce arbovirus transmission. Superinfection exclusion, a phenomenon whereby a primary virus infection prevents the replication of a second closely related virus, has potential to control arbovirus disease emergence and outbreaks. This phenomenon has been observed for many years in plants, insects and mammalian cells. In this review, we discuss the significance of identifying novel vector control strategies, summarize studies exploring arbovirus superinfection exclusion and consider the potential for this phenomenon to be the basis for novel arbovirus control strategies.

Pyriproxyfen Ingested With Attractive Toxic Sugar Baits Is Carried by the Feces and Reduces the Reproductive Potential of Adult Female Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarsis Tamar Pereira Silva ◽  
Aurea Vieira Teixeira ◽  
Alexandre de Almeida e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Aqueous Conditions ◽  
New Strategies

Abstract In the search for new strategies to control Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae), several studies have successfully related pyriproxyfen (PPF) tarsal transference to breeding sites (autodissemination), as well as the sterilization potential of females exposed to PPF. Potential PPF autodissemination by mosquito feces after the ingestion of sugar baits has also been proposed. Therefore, the present work evaluated several parameters, e.g., fecal production, residuality under dry and aqueous conditions, PPF excretion affecting emergence inhibition (EI) by fecal deposits of Ae. aegypti fed with attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs) containing PPF as well as their reproductive potential. Females were fed with ATSBs offered as droplets and the feces were collected using filter paper and transferred to plastic cups with L3 larvae to evaluate EI. The residual effect of feces in aqueous and dry conditions and PPF excretion on EI was obtained by keeping the feces in water or dried for different time intervals and using feces collected at 24-h intervals, respectively. Females received a bloodmeal after feeding on ATSBs, eggs and larval counting expressed the reproductive potential. The fecal mass was not affected by PPF concentration, but EI increased from 33 to 54% as the PPF concentration increased. The PPF excretion in the feces exceeded 96 h. The residual effect in the EI for feces kept in water was reduced by more than 60% after 30 d but was not affected under dry conditions. The fecundity and fertility of the females were reduced up to 51% and 97%, respectively.

scholarly journals Urban environmental clustering to assess the spatial dynamics of Aedes aegypti breeding sites

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Albrieu-Llinás ◽  
Manuel O. Espinosa ◽  
Agustín Quaglia ◽  
Marcelo Abril ◽  
Carlos Marcelo Scavuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Temporal Behaviour ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Distribution Maps

The identification of Aedes aegypti breeding hotspots in urban areas is crucial for the rational design of control strategies against this disease vector. Remote sensing and geographic information systems offer valuable tools for mapping habitat suitability of a given area. However, predicting species occurrences by means of probability distribution maps based on transversal entomological surveys has limited utility for local authorities. The aim of the present study was to carefully examine the temporal evolution of the number of houses infested with immature stages of Ae. aegypti in each individual neighbourhood and to explore the value of producing environmental clusters generated with information provided by remotely sensed variables to explain the observed differential temporal behaviour. Entomological surveys were conducted between 2011 and 2013 throughout a small town in Argentina registering the number of houses with containers harbouring immature stages of Ae. aegypti. A SPOT 5 satellite image was used to obtain land cover variables, which were subsequently submitted to k-means partitioning for grouping neighbourhoods into four environmental clusters. Finally, a generalized linear model was fitted showing that the number of houses found to be positive for Ae. aegypti was jointly affected by the interaction between environmental clusters and the year of sampling. Moreover, the number of positive houses in one of the clusters was 9.5 times higher (P<0.005, SE=0.37) in 2013 than in 2012, but we did not observe any other statistically significant increases.

scholarly journals Modelling interventions during a dengue outbreak

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. BARMAK ◽  
C. O. DORSO ◽  
M. OTERO ◽  
H. G. SOLARI
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Dynamical Model ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Epidemic Outbreak ◽  
Dengue Outbreak ◽  
Highly Efficient

SUMMARYWe present a stochastic dynamical model for the transmission of dengue that considers the co-evolution of the spatial dynamics of the vectors (Aedes aegypti) and hosts (human population), allowing the simulation of control strategies adapted to the actual evolution of an epidemic outbreak. We observed that imposing restrictions on the movement of infected humans is not a highly effective strategy. In contrast, isolating infected individuals with high levels of compliance by the human population is efficient even when implemented with delays during an ongoing outbreak. We also studied insecticide-spraying strategies assuming different (hypothetical) efficiencies. We observed that highly efficient fumigation strategies seem to be effective during an outbreak. Nevertheless, taking into account the controversial results on the use of spraying as a single control strategy, we suggest that carrying out combined strategies of fumigation and isolation during an epidemic outbreak should account for a suitable strategy for the attenuation of epidemic outbreaks.

scholarly journals Spatial pattern evolution of Aedes aegypti breeding sites in an Argentinean city without a dengue vector control programme

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel O. Espinosa ◽  
Francisco Polop ◽  
Camilo H. Rotela ◽  
Marcelo Abril ◽  
Carlos M. Scavuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Dengue Vector ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Niche Model ◽  
Temporal Behaviour ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Time Dynamics

The main objective of this study was to obtain and analyse the space-time dynamics of <em>Aedes aegypti</em> breeding sites in Clorinda City, Formosa Province, Argentina coupled with landscape analysis using the maximum entropy approach in order to generate a dengue vector niche model. In urban areas, without vector control activities, 12 entomologic (larval) samplings were performed during three years (October 2011 to October 2014). The entomologic surveillance area represented 16,511 houses. Predictive models for <em>Aedes</em> distribution were developed using vector breeding abundance data, density analysis, clustering and geoprocessing techniques coupled with Earth observation satellite data. The spatial analysis showed a vector spatial distribution pattern with clusters of high density in the central region of Clorinda with a well-defined high-risk area in the western part of the city. It also showed a differential temporal behaviour among different areas, which could have implications for risk models and control strategies at the urban scale. The niche model obtained for <em>Ae. aegypti</em>, based on only one year of field data, showed that 85.8% of the distribution of breeding sites is explained by the percentage of water supply (48.2%), urban distribution (33.2%), and the percentage of urban coverage (4.4%). The consequences for the development of control strategies are discussed with reference to the results obtained using distribution maps based on environmental variables.

scholarly journals Disrupting female flight in the vector Aedes aegypti

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah O’Leary ◽  
Zach N. Adelman
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Guide Rnas ◽  
Control Flight ◽  
Female Specific

AbstractAedes aegypti is a vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. Current vector control strategies such as community engagement, source reduction, and insecticides have not been sufficient to prevent viral outbreaks. Thus, interest in novel strategies involving genetic engineering is growing. Female mosquitoes rely on flight to mate with males and obtain a bloodmeal from a host. We hypothesized that knockout of genes specifically expressed in female mosquitoes associated with the indirect flight muscles would result in a flightless female mosquito. With the CRISPR-Cas9 system, we performed embryonic microinjections of Cas9 protein and guide RNAs specific to genes hypothesized to control flight in mosquitoes, and have obtained genetic knockouts in several genes specifically expressed in the flight-muscle, including those specific to female flight muscle. Analysis of the phenotype of these female-specific gene knockout mutants resulted in flightless females and flying males. While further assessment is required, this work lays the groundwork for a mechanism of population control that is female-specific for the Ae. aegypti vector.

scholarly journals Germline Cas9 Expression Yields Highly Efficient Genome Engineering in a Major Worldwide Disease Vector, Aedes aegypti

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Michelle Bui ◽  
Ting Yang ◽  
Bradley J. White ◽  
Omar S. Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Genome Modifications ◽  
Gene Drives

AbstractThe development of CRISPR/Cas9 technologies has dramatically increased the accessibility and efficiency of genome editing in many organisms. In general, in vivo germline expression of Cas9 results in substantially higher activity than embryonic injection. However, no transgenic lines expressing Cas9 have been developed for the major mosquito disease vector Aedes aegypti. Here, we describe the generation of multiple stable, transgenic Ae. aegypti strains expressing Cas9 in the germline, resulting in dramatic improvements in both the consistency and efficiency of genome modifications using CRISPR. Using these strains, we disrupted numerous genes important for normal morphological development, and even generated triple mutants from a single injection. We have also managed to increase the rates of homology directed repair by more than an order of magnitude. Given the exceptional mutagenic efficiency and specificity of the Cas9 strains we built, they can be used for high-throughput reverse genetic screens to help functionally annotate the Ae. aegypti genome. Additionally, these strains represent a first step towards the development of novel population control technologies targeting Ae. aegypti that rely on Cas9-based gene drives.Significance StatementAedes aegypti is the principal vector of multiple arboviruses that significantly affect human health including dengue, chikungunya, and zika. Development of tools for efficient genome engineering in this mosquito will not only lay the foundation for the application of novel genetic control strategies that do not rely on insecticides, but will also accelerate basic research on key biological processes involved in disease transmission. Here, we report the development of a transgenic CRISPR approach for rapid gene disruption in this organism. Given their high editing efficiencies, the Cas9 strains we developed can be used to quickly generate novel genome modifications allowing for high-throughput gene targeting, and can possibly facilitate the development of gene drives, thereby accelerating comprehensive functional annotation and development of innovative population control strategies for Ae. aegypti.

scholarly journals A functional requirement for sex-determination M/m locus region lncRNA genes in Aedes aegypti female larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshava Mysore ◽  
Limb K. Hapairai ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Joseph B. Roethele ◽  
Longhua Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Interfering Rna ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Male Mosquitoes

AbstractAlthough many putative long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes have been identified in insect genomes, few of these genes have been functionally validated. A screen for female-specific larvicides that facilitate Aedes aegypti male sex separation uncovered multiple interfering RNAs with target sites in lncRNA genes located in the M/m locus region, including loci within or tightly linked to the sex determination locus. Larval consumption of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) strain engineered to express interfering RNA corresponding to lncRNA transcripts resulted in significant female death, yet had no impact on male survival or fitness. Incorporation of the yeast larvicides into mass culturing protocols facilitated scaled production and separation of fit adult males, indicating that yeast larvicides could benefit mosquito population control strategies that rely on mass releases of male mosquitoes. These studies functionally verified a female-specific developmental requirement for M/m locus region lncRNA genes, suggesting that sexually antagonistic lncRNA genes found within this highly repetitive pericentromeric DNA sequence may be contributing to the evolution of A. aegypti sex chromosomes.

scholarly journals High Temperature Cycles Result in Maternal Transmission and Dengue Infection Differences Between Wolbachia Strains in Aedes aegypti

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vittoria Mancini ◽  
Thomas H. Ant ◽  
Christie S. Herd ◽  
Julien Martinez ◽  
Shivan M. Murdochy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Bacterial Symbiont ◽  
Maternal Transmission ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Dengue Control

In the past decades, dengue incidence has dramatically increased all over the world. An emerging dengue control strategy utilizes Aedes aegypti mosquitoes artificially transinfected with the bacterial symbiont Wolbachia , with the ultimate aim of replacing wild mosquito populations.

GAMBARAN INDEKS LARVA AEDES AEGYPTI DI BUFFER WILAYAH KERJA BANDARA SEPINGGAN BALIKPAPAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrakhman abdurrakhman Abdurrakhman
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Transportation Equipment ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Larvae Density

ABSTRACT : The House index and Container Index in the buffer area of ​​the working area of ​​Balikpapan Sepinggan Airport is still above 1%, so the potential for the spread of dengue disease. Mobilization of people, goods and transportation equipment will increasingly affect the transmission of disease in ports and airports, especially for vector-borne diseases. This study aims to analyze the risk factors associated with larvae density of Aedes aegypti and describe the larvae index in the buffer zone of the Sepinggan Balikpapan Airport This study was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The sample in this study was 121 houses with a proportionate stratified random sampling, the research location was in the buffer zone of Sepinggan Balikpapan Airport in November 2018. The variables studied were houses with positive larvae containers, breeding sites and PSN behavior and larvasidation. The data was analyzed using the chi square test. There was a relationship between houses with larvae positive Aedes aegypti, behavior of Mosquito Nest Eradication (PSN) and larvasidation with larvae density of Aedes aegypti but not for breeding sites (p = 0.00 and 95% CI = 0.64), and   (p = 0.00 and 95% CI = 0.34). The description of several Aedes aegypti larvae index, namely House Index (HI) = 57.02%, Container Index (CI) = 24.36%, Bruteau Index (BI) = 148.76, and Flick Free Numbers (ABJ) = 42.98 %. Houses with larvae of Aedes aegypti larvae and PSN and larvasidation behavior were associated with larvae density of Aedes aegypti. The index of HI, CI and BI larvae is of high value so there is a risk of DBD transmission

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