scholarly journals Proprioception and Clinical Correlation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Gelener ◽  
Gözde İyigün ◽  
Ramadan Özmanevra
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Clinical Correlation ◽  
Vibration Sense ◽  
Deep Knowledge ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Sensorimotor Systems

Proprioception is the sense of position or the motion of the limbs and body in the absence of vision. It is a complex system having both conscious and unconscious components involving peripheral and central pathways. The complexity of sensorimotor systems requires deep knowledge of anatomy and physiology to analyze and localize the symptoms and the signs of the patients. Joint sense and vibration sense examination is an important component of physical examination. This chapter consists anatomy, motor control, postural control related to proprioception with neurologic clinical correlation and also the information about the changes of proprioception after orthopedic surgeries and discuss with the available literature.

Moving ahead through time?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Raw
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Sensorimotor System ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Human Motor Control ◽  
Abstract Thought ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sensorimotor Systems ◽  
Human Motor

To whom it may concern,Please find out manuscript titled "Moving ahead through time?" attached. Abstract below:Miles, Nind and Macrae (2010) reported findings to suggest that our ability to mentally represent the past and future might be represented in the sensorimotor systems that govern human motor control. They ran an experiment showed participants to lean forward when thinking of the future and lean backward when thinking of the past. We aimed to explore this phenomenon further; firstly by exploring whether the knee would move in the opposite direction to the head when participants were standing (i.e. an automatic counterbalancing movement to avoid instability). We also applied the same methodology as reported by Miles et al. (2010) in an attempt to replicate their results. Findings demonstrated that found that the head does indeed move in the opposite direction to the knee, but more interestingly, our second experiment actually failed replicate Miles et al's (2010) original findings. Our data strongly suggest that the sensorimotor system prioritises the maintaining of postural control postural maintenance even when a standing individual is engaged in abstract thought processes. This strategy seems the most conducive to survival, given that this approach reduces the likelihood of falls.

Repetitive Nerve Stimulation Studies

2016 ◽  
pp. 328-346
Author(s):  
Kathleen D. Kennelly
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Junction ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Neuromuscular Transmission ◽  
Repetitive Stimulation ◽  
Nerve Conduction Studies ◽  
Clinical Correlation ◽  
Repetitive Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology

Repetitive stimulation is a technique that evaluates the function of the neuromuscular junction. It is important not only in the detection, clarification, and follow-up of neuromuscular junction diseases, but also in excluding these disorders in patients with symptoms of fatigue, vague weakness, diplopia, ptosis, and malaise, or with objective weakness of uncertain origin. The technique requires knowledge of the physiology and pathophysiology of neuromuscular transmission and the basic techniques of nerve conduction studies. This chapter includes a brief review of the anatomy and physiology of the neuromuscular junction as it applies to repetitive stimulation, a detailed discussion of the technique, the pitfalls that can occur if not carried out correctly, criteria used to classify the results as normal or abnormal, the patterns of abnormalities that can be seen, and the clinical correlation of those abnormalities with the various different disorders of neuromuscular transmission.

From Movement to Action

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Mason
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Self Motion

Tracts descending from motor control centers in the brainstem and cortex target motor interneurons and in select cases motoneurons. The mechanisms and constraints of postural control are elaborated and the effect of body mass on posture discussed. Feed-forward reflexes that maintain posture during standing and other conditions of self-motion are described. The role of descending tracts in postural control and the pathological posturing is described. Pyramidal (corticospinal and corticobulbar) and extrapyramidal control of body and face movements is contrasted. Special emphasis is placed on cortical regions and tracts involved in deliberate control of facial expression; these pathways are contrasted with mechanisms for generating emotional facial expressions. The signs associated with lesions of either motoneurons or motor control centers are clearly detailed. The mechanisms and presentation of cerebral palsy are described. Finally, understanding how pre-motor cortical regions generate actions is used to introduce apraxia, a disorder of action.

scholarly journals Author Correction: Probabilistic Movement Models Show that Postural Control Precedes and Predicts Volitional Motor Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmar Rueckert ◽  
Jernej Čamernik ◽  
Jan Peters ◽  
Jan Babič
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Movement Models

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Anticipatory postural mechanisms: Some evidence and methodological implications

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Kasai
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
H Reflex ◽  
Human Motor Control ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Anticipatory Postural Control ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Human Motor

AbstractTo understand the basic priorities of the central nervous system in human motor control, neurophysiological parameters are important. Certain H-reflex methods related to anticipatory postural control are particularly useful and may have therapeutic implications.

Alterations in Gait Initiation Are Present in Those With Posttraumatic Ankle Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik A. Wikstrom ◽  
Robert B. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Gait Initiation ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Ankle Osteoarthritis ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Balance Trials

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if stereotypical patterns of gait initiation are altered in those with posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis. Ten subjects, five with unilateral ankle osteoarthritis and five uninjured controls, participated. Subjects completed the SF-36 and Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale to quantify self-reported disability as well as 10 dual-limb static stance trials and 10 gait initiation trials with each leg. Center of pressure outcomes were calculated for static balance trials while the peak center of pressure excursions were calculated for each phase of gait initiation. The results indicate greater self-reported disability (P< .05) and worse static postural control (P< .05) in the ankle osteoarthritis group. Nonstereotypical patterns were also observed during the first and third phases of gait initiation in those with ankle osteoarthritis. The results of this pilot study suggest that supraspinal motor control mechanisms may have changed in those with posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis.

Influence of paravertebral muscles training on brain plasticity and postural control in chronic low back pain

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Massé-Alarie ◽  
Louis-David Beaulieu ◽  
Richard Preuss ◽  
Cyril Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Paravertebral Muscles ◽  
Hip Extension

AbstractBackground and purposeIsometric activation (ISOM) of deep multifidi muscles (MF) can influence postural adjustments and primary motor cortex (M1) function in chronic low back pain (CLBP). In order to better understand how ISOM impacts on CLBP condition, the present study contrasted ISOM aftereffects on Ml function, MF postural activation and pain with another training, the global activation of paravertebral muscles (GLOB, hip extension). The main objective of this study was to compare the effects of ISOM and GLOB (3-week training each) on MF postural activation and Ml function in a CLBP population.MethodsTwenty-four people with CLBP were randomly allocated to ISOM and GLOB groups for a 3- week daily practice. Pre/post-training after-effects were assessed by the onset of superficial MF (MF-S) activation during ballistic limb movements (bilateral shoulder flexion in standing; unilateral hip extension in prine lying), MF-S corticomotor control tested by transcranial magnetic stimulation of M1, and assessment of pain, kinesiophobia and disability by standardized questionnaires.ResultsBoth ISOM and GLOB improved pain and disability. However, only ISOM influenced Ml function (decreased corticospinal excitability and increased intracortical inhibition), fastened MF-S postural activation and decreased kinesiophobia.ConclusionsChanges of corticospinal excitability and of MF-S postural adjustments suggest that ISOM better influenced brain plasticity. Future studies should further test whether our novel findings relate to an influence of the exercises on the lumbopelvic control of different muscles and on cognitive function. Clinically, individual’s evaluation remains warranted before prescribing one or the other of these two conventional exercises for reducing pain.ImplicationsThis original study presents how motor control exercises can influence brain plasticity and postural control in chronic low back pain. This knowledge will impact on the decision of clinicians to prescribe specific exercises with a view of improving motor control in this musculoskeletal condition.

The Abdomen

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 653-658
Author(s):  
R. Leon Longe ◽  
Jon C. Calvert
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Normal Anatomy ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Examination Techniques

This article describes the normal anatomy and physiology of the abdomen. Physical examination techniques illustrate the evaluation of the abdominal structures. The text describes physical presentation of selected diseases and discusses their pathophysiology. The text material is applied through a case study.

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