scholarly journals Advances in Breeding in Vegetable Brassica rapa Crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Elena Cartea ◽  
Fernando Cámara-Martos ◽  
Sara Obregón ◽  
Francisco Rubén Badenes-Pérez ◽  
Antonio De Haro
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Brassica Vegetable

Brassica rapa includes oil and vegetable crops having a variety of forms, such as oilseeds, leafy vegetables and turnips. Leafy types, which are called turnip greens and turnip tops, are popular crops in NW Spain, and they represent an important part of the diet. However, their cultivation is limited in southern areas or in the Mediterranean basin, probably due to a lack of adaptation. Still, they could occupy a prominent place in the Mediterranean diet, which is based on a high consumption of fruits and vegetables. In this review, we summarize the studies on the agronomical and nutritional value of these crops when grown under Mediterranean climate conditions. Data reported here might be useful for a deeper understanding of these crops for both nutritional quality and bioaccessibility, and for selecting varieties adapted to the two abovementioned Mediterranean conditions, as well as for organic farming systems, thus contributing to the diversification of traditional Brassica vegetable production systems.

scholarly journals No-till Vegetable Production—Its Time is Now

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
No Till ◽  
Minimum Disturbance

Advantages of no-till (NT) production systems are acknowledged throughout the world. During the 1990s, production of NT vegetable crops has increased for both direct seeded and transplanted crops. Increased interest in reduced-tillage systems among research workers and vegetable growers is attributed to: 1) development and commercialization of NT transplanters and seeders, 2) advancements in the technology and practice of producing and managing high-residue cover crop mulches, and 3) improvements and acceptance of integrated weed management techniques. Results from research experiments and grower's fields over the years has shown that success with NT transplanted crops is highly dependent on achieving key production objectives, including: 1) production of dense, uniformly distributed cover crops; 2) skillful management of cover crops before transplanting, leaving a heavy, uniformly distributed killed mulch cover over the soil surface; 3) establishment of transplants into cover crops with minimum disturbance of surface residues and surface soil; and 4) adoption of year-round weed control strategies.

scholarly journals Influence of Velvetbean on Southern Root-knot Nematode When Used As Part of the Crop Rotation in Low-input Vegetable Production in Southern Georgia

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 806C-806
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Brunson ◽  
Sharad C. Phatak ◽  
J. Danny Gay ◽  
Donald R. Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Southern Georgia ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Velvetbean (Mucuna deeringiana L.) has been used as part of the crop rotation in low-input vegetable production in southern Georgia to help suppress populations of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) for the past 2 years. Over-wintering cover crops of crimson and subterranean clovers were used the low-input plots and rye was the plow-down cover crop in the conventional plots. Tomatoes, peppers, and eggplant were the vegetable crops grown in these production systems. Following the final harvest in 1992, use of nematicides in the low-input plots was discontinued and velvetbean was then planted into the low-input plots and disked in after 90 days. Results from the 1993–94 soil samples taken before and after velvetbean showed a continuing trend of reduced nematode numbers where velvetbean had been, while most conventional plots that had nematicides applied resulted in increases in nematode populations.

scholarly journals Integration of Technologies Under Climate Change for Profitability in Vegetable Cultivation: An Outlook

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navjot Singh Brar ◽  
Tarun Kumar ◽  
Prashant Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vegetable Cultivation

Climate variation and change are an unavoidable phenomenon faced by the natural habitat of this planet. For getting potential yield from vegetable crops under the changing climate conditions, the practical strategies at field level can serve as a guideline for the farmers. Moreover, there are several strategies available for mitigating the harmful effects of climate change. In this manuscript, efforts have been made for reviewing the mitigating strategies against the impact of climate change in vegetable crops via conventional approaches. Considering the situation, the information reviewed revealed that significant result of conventional approaches with climate-smart adoptions strategies has a direct bearing on vegetable production for the increasing population in frenziedly changing climate scenario.

scholarly journals Survey of Compost Use by South Florida Vegetable Growers

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 795A-795
Author(s):  
Monica Ozores-Hampton*
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Total Species Richness

The success of long-term vegetable production and maintenance of environmental quality is dependent on soil quality. Indicators of soil quality include cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter (OM), carbon (C), pH, and the number and community structure of soil organisms. The use of appropriate compost has been shown to improve soil quality and enhance the response to fertilizer, therefore improving growth and yield of vegetable crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the chemical and biological properties of soil in response to compost use in conventional vegetables production systems. A survey was conducted on 5 farms (three in Immokalee, and one each in Delray Beach, and Clewiston) growing tomato, pepper, and specialty vegetables. Most of the farms were applying composted yard trimming waste alone or in combination with biosolids or horse manure at application rates of between 7 to 112 Mg·ha-1 once a year. Soil samples were taken from composted and non-composted areas in each farm during Feb. and Mar. 2002. Soil pH, OM, C, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, MN and Zn were higher in the composted areas compared with the non-composted areas for each farm. CEC values in composted areas were double those in non-composted areas. Most importantly, application of compost enhanced the overall soil microbial activity as determined by total microorganism number, SRD (species richness diversity), and TSRD (total species richness diversity) of six functional groups including heterotrophic aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, pseudomonads, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, in all the participating farms. The greatest soil quality improvement was seen in soils receiving the highest rates of compost for the longest time.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Summer Cover Crops for Use in Vegetable Production Systems in North Carolina

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy G. Creamer ◽  
Keith R. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

Summer cover crops can produce biomass, contribute nitrogen to cropping systems, increase soil organic matter, and suppress weeds. Through fixation of atmospheric N2 and uptake of soil residual N, they also contribute to the N requirement of subsequent vegetable crops. Six legumes {cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), sesbania (Sesbania exaltata L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsutum L.), velvetbean [Mucuna deeringiana (Bort.) Merr.], and lablab (Lablab purpureus L.)}; two nonlegume broadleaved species [buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)]; and five grasses {sorghum-sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench × S. sudanense (P) Stapf.], sudangrass [S. sudanense (P) Stapf.], Japanese millet [Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link], pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L). R. Br.], and German foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.)]}, were planted in raised beds alone or in mixtures in 1995 at Plymouth, and in 1996 at Goldsboro, N.C. Biomass production for the legumes ranged from 1420 (velvetbean) to 4807 kg·ha-1 (sesbania). Low velvetbean biomass was attributed to poor germination in this study. Nitrogen in the aboveground biomass for the legumes ranged from 32 (velvetbean) to 97 kg·ha-1 (sesbania). All of the legumes except velvetbean were competitive with weeds. Lablab did not suppress weeds as well as did cover crops producing higher biomass. Aboveground biomass for grasses varied from 3918 (Japanese millet) to 8792 kg·ha-1 (sorghum-sudangrass). While N for the grasses ranged from 39 (Japanese millet) to 88 kg·ha-1 (sorghum-sudangrass), the C: N ratios were very high. Additional N would be needed for fall-planted vegetable crops to overcome immobilization of N. All of the grass cover crops reduced weeds as relative to the weedy control plot. Species that performed well together as a mixture at both sites included Japanese millet/soybean and sorghum-sudangrass/cowpea.

scholarly journals Mikromani's Artichoke (Cynara Cardunculus Var. Scolymus) - A Mediterranean Nutraceutical

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
Georgios Zakynthinos ◽  
Theodoros Varzakas
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Edible Parts ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Globe artichoke is considered one of the most important vegetable crops in the European and no-European countries of the Mediterranean basin. The Mediterranean region is well known for the 'Mediterranean diet', with attributed health benefits based on the consumption of fruits and vegetables, olive oil, etc. The artichoke has been recognized for the treatment of several ailments and their edible parts reveal therapeutic activity. In our case we have investigated the Micromani’s artichoke, which is a local variety of the Micromani area in the South region of Peloponnese. In the present work nutritional determination of vitamins such as “vitamin C “and folic acid, minerals, fibers and total phenolics was carried out.

scholarly journals Quality Control Techniques and Related Factors for Hydroponic Leafy Vegetables

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1330-1337
Author(s):  
Jinghua Guo ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Lingdi Dong ◽  
Yonggang Jiao ◽  
Haizheng Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Free Treatment ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Supplementary Lighting ◽  
Bad Weather

Hydroponics has been an increasingly important field of vegetable production. However, a big issue with hydroponics is that certain crops can quickly accumulate high levels of nitrate-N (NO3 ± -N) from the hydroponic system. The objective of this research was to decrease NO3 accumulation and increase the nutritional value and yield of vegetable crops using lettuce and oilseed rape as a model under hydroponic production. In this study, two technologies were applied to leafy vegetable production: 1) using supplementary lighting (blue-violet diode) by manipulating illumination and 2) removing fertilization before harvest for a short term (3 or 5 days), thus providing a practical experiment for improving yield and edible qualities of hydroponic leaf vegetable production. Illumination was applied 4 hours a day (0500–0700 hr and 1700–1900 hr) during good weather, or 12 hours a day during bad weather with insufficient natural light (<2000 lux) during the autumn and winter seasons. Results showed that the lettuce cultivar Ou-Luo and the oilseed rape cultivar Ao-Guan Pakchoi had increased yield (50.0% and 88.3%, respectively), decreased NO3 content (26.3% and 30.8%, respectively), and increased total soluble solids (24.1% and 30.6%, respectively). The 5-day fertilizer-free treatment before harvest resulted in 19.2%, 6.4%, and 16.5% yield increases; and 26.0%, 24.3%, and 47.8% NO3 decreases in oilseed rape cultivar Ao-Guan Pakchoi and lettuce cultivars Da-Su-Sheng and Ou-Luo, respectively.

scholarly journals Sustainable Commercial Vegetable Production with Minimal Use of Synthetic Fertilizers and Pesticides

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 170a-170
Author(s):  
Victor A. Wegrzyn
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Organic Vegetable Production ◽  
Organic Farmers

Sustainable production systems are characterized as systems that can be physically and biologically maintained in perpetuity, can avoid adverse environmental and health problems, and can be economically profitable. Organic vegetable production systems are one example of sustainable farming enterprises. In California, organic production and postharvest handling techniques are closely defined by legislation. Of the several grower groups representing organic farmers in the state, the California Certified Organic Farmers is the largest, representing 382 growers that farmed a total area of 10,375 ha in 1988. Of these, 200 growers are vegetable producers. Another organization active among organic growers in California, as well as Mexico, Central American countries, and the Caribbean, is the Organic Crop Improvement Association. Marketing organizations such as the Nutri-Clean Program, which tests produce for pesticide residues and certifies specific residue standards, and the Organic Market News and Information Service facilitate the sale of organic produce in California. Cultural practice information for organic vegetable production is difficult to find, particularly techniques that would allow a grower to switch from conventional to organic production. University researchers and extension workers have so far been of little help, although the Univ. of California Sustainability Program at Davis is beginning research and education activities. Funding for these activities is inadequate, and the program is understaffed. There is need for long-term, interdisciplinary, on-farm studies to study organic production techniques in a realistic setting. At present, the reward system in place in land-grant institutions offers little encouragement to researchers to engage in this kind of work. There are formidable obstacles to increasing the use of organic materials for crop fertilization. The nutrient content of the state's manure and organic waste supplies is probably insufficient to meet the fertility needs of California's crops. In addition, since the majority of land currently producing vegetable crops in California is leased, long-term soil fertility investments are a risky undertaking.

scholarly journals Nutrient Dynamics in Wetland Organic Vegetable Production Systems in Eastern Zambia

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Mafongoya ◽  
O. Jiri
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Maize Crop

<p>The aim of this study was to determine effects of organic inputs on vegetable crops and on a subsequent maize crop grown in wetlands. The following treatments were applied to cabbage (<em>Brassica oleracea</em>) and onion (<em>Allium cepa</em>) crops: <em>Gliricidia</em> <em>sepium </em>(Gliricidia) biomass (8 t ha<sup>-1</sup>), Gliricidia<em> </em>biomass (12 t ha<sup>-1</sup>), cattle manure (10 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) with half recommended fertilizer rate, and recommended fertilizer rate (800 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> basal dressing and 250 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> top dressing fertilizer). The residual effect of the treatments was tested on a subsequent maize crop. The soil at the sites had low organic matter content (average 2%) and it was acidic (average pH 4.4). Soil inorganic N increased significantly from 11 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> in the unfertilized crop to 22 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> in the Gliricidia treatments after cabbage, and from 10.3 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> to 37.2 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> after the onion crop. There were significant differences (P&lt;0.05) in onion and cabbage yields and in subsequent maize yield in both cabbage and onion plots. This study concluded that the application of high quality Gliricidia prunings lead to rapid release of N and higher vegetable yields. However, there is a high amount of residual N that can be leached.</p>

scholarly journals Persistence of Human Pathogens in Manure-Amended Australian Soils Used for Production of Leafy Vegetables

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ekman ◽  
Adam Goldwater ◽  
Mark Bradbury ◽  
Jim Matthews ◽  
Gordon Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Vegetable Farm

Incorporation of manures into soil can add nutrients, improve soil structure and enhance biodiversity, thereby improving the sustainability of vegetable production systems. Unfortunately, manures can also potentially contain human enteric pathogens. To reduce the risk of contamination, Australian guidelines recommend a withholding period of 90 days between manure application and harvest for high-risk products such as leafy salad greens. Our study examined the appropriateness of these guidelines under conditions replicating those on a commercial vegetable farm. Cow manure and poultry litter with/without addition of non-pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Listeriainnocua and Salmonella sv. sofia were added to sandy and clay loam soils typical of those used to grow vegetables. Bacterial populations were monitored in the soil and on crops of cos lettuce during spring (A), summer (B) and autumn (C) trials, with testing conducted by a commercial laboratory. Significant declines in E. coli occurred within 6 to 16 days in all trials. Modelling indicated that E. coli populations would be at or close to the limit of detection within 50 days for all of the combinations tested. A 2–3 log die-off of Salmonella spp. occurred within three weeks. However, occasional detections continued throughout trial A. As a result, the probability of detection after 50 days fell from 1.0 to 0.1 and 0.02 in trials B and C, respectively, but remained at 0.44 in trial A. Listeria spp. was the most persistent in soil but was not detected on lettuce at commercial maturity. While this study was limited in scope, the results suggest that a 90 day withholding period between application of manure and harvest significantly reduces risk from enteric pathogens under Australian field conditions.

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