scholarly journals Attenuation of Food Intake by Fragrant Odors: Comparison between Osmanthus fragrans and Grapefruit Odors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Yamamoto ◽  
Kayoko Ueji ◽  
Tadashi Inui ◽  
Haruno Mizuta
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerve ◽  
Osmanthus Fragrans ◽  
Autonomic Nerve Activity

Odors affect various physiological and mental activities. Previous studies in rats have shown that the odors of grapefruit and Osmanthus fragrans (OSM, fragrant tea olive) attenuate food intake, leading to a reduction in body weight gain, but it is not yet clear whether the causative mechanisms underlying these effects are the same for both odors. The first part of the present study revealed that grapefruit odor had no effect on the expression of feeding-related neuropeptides, in contrast to the previous finding that OSM odor suppresses orexigenic and activates anorexigenic neuropeptides in the hypothalamus of the rat. The second part revealed that OSM odor activated the parasympathetic nerve, in contrast to the previous finding demonstrating that grapefruit odor activates sympathetic nerve activity. The third part was performed to confirm the previous findings about the effects of OSM odor on appetitive reactions in humans. In human subjects, we found that continuous exposure to OSM odor attenuated appetite and consumption of snacks (cookies) and improved mood, when evaluated using the POMS (Profile of Mood States) data from university students. In conclusion, OSM odor attenuated appetite and decreased food intake in humans, and the underlying causative mechanisms differed from those mediating the effects of grapefruit odor, specifically in terms of the expression of hypothalamic feeding-related neuropeptides and autonomic nerve activity.

Rationale and Design of the EMPYREAN Study: Investigation on the Effect of Empagliflozin on Cardiac Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nerve Activity in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirohiko Motoki ◽  
Izuru Masuda ◽  
Shinji Yasuno ◽  
Koji Oba ◽  
Wataru Shoin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitor ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibition ◽  
Autonomic Nerve Activity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: A sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor was recently found to reduce heart failure hospitalization in the EMPA-REG OUTCOMES trial. We have hypothesized that autonomic nerve activity may be modulated by SGLT2 inhibition. The current study aims to investigate the impact of empagliflozin on sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This ongoing study is a prospective, randomized, open-label, multicenter investigation of 134 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The patients are randomly allocated to receive either empagliflozin or sitagliptin with the treatment goal of the Japan Diabetes Society guidelines. Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring is performed at the baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks of treatment. Analyses of heart rate variability are performed using the MemCalc method, which is a combination of the maximum entropy method for spectral analysis and the non-linear least squares method for square analysis. The primary endpoint is the change in the low frequency (LF; 0.04-0.15 Hz) / high frequency (HF; 0.15-0.4 Hz) ratio from baseline to 24 weeks.Discussion: This investigation on the effect of EMPagliflozin on cardiac sYmpathetic and parasympathetic neRve activity in JapanEse pAtieNts with type 2 diabetes (EMPYREAN study) offers an important opportunity to understand the impact of SGLT2 inhibition on autonomic nerve activity in patients with type 2 diabetes.Trial Registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry identifier UMIN000029194. Registered 19 September 2017, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000033375

The Effects of Job Stress on the Autonomic Nerve Activity of Workers in Manufacturing Industry

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Ki Jung Yoon ◽  
Mi Na Ha ◽  
Jai Young Kim ◽  
Sang Yun Lee ◽  
Hyoung June Im ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Stress ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Autonomic Nerve Activity

scholarly journals Assessment of Autonomic Nerve Activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1320-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Autonomic Nerve Activity

scholarly journals Heart Rate, Systolic Blood Pressure and Autonomic Nerve Activity Before and After High Intensity Resistance Exercise

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 899-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira SYOUBO ◽  
Toshio SUSAKI ◽  
Noboru HIROSE ◽  
Toshiro OKU ◽  
Kstsuhiko TACHINO
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Autonomic Nerve Activity

Frequency Ranges of Heart Rate Variability Related to Autonomic Nerve Activity in the Mouse

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Li Tsai ◽  
Chien-Chang Chen ◽  
Chang-Jyi Yeh ◽  
Li-Ming Chou ◽  
Chiung-Hsiang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Autonomic Nerve Activity

scholarly journals Sleep apnea in men is associated with altered lipid metabolism, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and body fat percentage

Endocrine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Prasad G. Kamble ◽  
Jenny Theorell-Haglöw ◽  
Urban Wiklund ◽  
Karl A. Franklin ◽  
Ulf Hammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Autonomic Nerve Activity

Abstract Purpose Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with obesity and risk for type 2 diabetes. In this community-based study, we thoroughly investigated fatty acid metabolism, incretin response, glucose tolerance, insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, and autonomic nerve activity in men with or without OSA. Methods Fifteen men without diabetes but with signs of severe OSA, defined as apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) >30, and 15 age- and BMI-matched men without OSA (AHI < 5) were recruited from a community-based cohort. Assessments included clinical and anthropometric measurements, a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and autonomic nerve activity using heart rate variability (HRV). Results Men with OSA had higher body fat % than BMI-matched men without OSA (p = 0.046) and it was associated with markers of insulin resistance. The area under the curve for nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) during OGTT was higher in men with OSA (p = 0.021) and fasting NEFA levels were numerically higher (p = 0.097). The plasma glucose at fasting and during OGTT was higher in men with OSA (p < 0.001). Incretin response was similar between groups. Fasting and OGTT-derived indices indicated impaired insulin sensitivity in men with OSA. Compared with men without OSA, Matsuda index (p = 0.068) and Gutt index (p < 0.01) were lower in men with OSA. The HRV measures did not differ between groups. Conclusions Our study suggests that fatty acid handling, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity are impaired in men with severe OSA. This might partly be explained by the increased body fat percentage.

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