scholarly journals Bioelectricity from Organic Solid Waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Azizul Moqsud
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
The Public ◽  
Organic Solid ◽  
The World

Resource recovery and recycling of organic waste is a great challenge in the world. The unmanaged organic waste causes a great damage to the environment and the public health both in the developing countries and industrial parts of the world. In this research, an innovative method was adopted to generate bioelectricity from the organic waste by using the Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). Various types of organic wastes such as livestock waste, food waste, fruit waste were used as the substrates of the microbial fuel cell. All the experiments were carried out in the same sized one chamber microbial fuel cell and the similar electrode materials. It was observed that all the organic wastes can be used to generate bioelectricity through microbial fuel cell. The generated electricity can be used in several environmental monitoring sensors and can be used as an alternate power source in the developing countries. The by-products of the bioelectricity generation can be used as soil conditioner in the organic depleted soil and agricultural fields.

scholarly journals Compost Solid-phase Microbial Fuel Cell (CSMFC) Performance using Graphene and Graphite as Electrodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-333
Author(s):  
Soraya Annisa Putri ◽  
Akbar Nugroho Confera ◽  
Syafrudin Syafrudin ◽  
Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Electrochemical Measurement ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic Waste Management

Organic waste is a type of waste produced by many sector, which need to managed appropriately. During its development, composting is one of the organic waste management efforts that is often be applied, Another alternative organic waste management in the form of Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) has emerged. Several researchers conducted studies on MFC performance which was influenced by many factors, especially the electrode which contributes to the electron transfer process. This study has a concern about energy optimization through CSMFC technology using different electrode’s material. Electrode materials from Graphene and Graphit has good electro-conductivity and has a large surface area, making it suitable for bacteria to adhere. The sampled reactors are consists of two types of electrodes  in the form of graphite and graphene. Each materials has anode and cathode ratio of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1. The samples measured into three kinds, which called a mature compost measurement, electrochemical measurement, and biochemical measurement. Some collected sampling data were then processed and analyzed statistically using SPSS software. The processed and analyzed data included the calculation of power density, total N, C/N ratio, and moisture content. Any data like voltage (V) and electric current (I) are needed to obtain a power density. The highest average voltage, current, power and power density are produced by the N3 reactor (graphene 3:1) that is 269 x 10-3 V, 163 x 10-6 A, 56 x 10-6 Watt and 1.914 x 10-3 W / m2. There is no significant effect of variations in the type of electrode (graphite and graphene) on CSMFC performances.

Application of Butler’s (1980) Tourist Area Life Cycle to Saly (Senegal)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouhamadou Bamba LY
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The World ◽  
A Site

Richard W. Butler publishes in 1980 a model of evolution of tourist destinations known as TALC -Tourism Area Life Cycle- which stipulates that a site exploited for tourism and leisure knows 6 phases in its evolution: exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, decline or rejuvenation. Several experiments of the model will be carried out around the world, however the tourist destinations located in the developing countries constitute a residual category of these applications. This article proposes an exploration of the TALC at the first station developed by the public authorities in West Africa, Saly located on the small coast in Senegal. For this purpose, we used a qualitative research method based on semi-directive interviews with actors at the level of the student site completed by official statistics. Our results show that Saly is in a so-called stagnation phase and that it is important to re-qualify the typology of tourist space in this city, which is experiencing a significant change in relation to its location.

The Epistemic Problem of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Necessary Information Policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ikbal Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Information Policy ◽  
Civil Society Organization ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Familiar World ◽  
The Government

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted personal, social, and economic lives of millions of people around the world. It has taken the familiar world away from everyone. The pandemic is in large part an epistemic problem caused by the invisible contagious virus. Its invisibility can make people ignorant of the threat and spread of the virus. Government and public need scientists to identify and understand the problem of COVID-19. While the latter do not have complete knowledge to cure the disease, they are more knowledgeable to inform the government how to prevent the pandemic from getting worse. Appropriate government intervention requires a thorough investigation involving frequent and massive data collection, which is too expensive for developing countries. Without sufficient data, any government claim and intervention are questionable. The government can compensate the insufficiency of data by acquiring data and information from other sources, such as civil society organization and the public.

Effects of Electrode Materials on Electricity of Microbial Fuel Cell

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1549-1552
Author(s):  
Yong Juan Zhang ◽  
Zhang Min ◽  
Zheng Yang ◽  
Jing Yi Xie ◽  
Yong Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Carbon Paper

The electrode material has the very important influence to the microbial fuel cell. The different electrode materials were studied for producing the electricity performance to MFC by the activated sludge as the substrate. The results indicated that the anode of graphite pole was 0.63 mW/cm2 of the area power density. The carbon paper was 60 (0.50mW/cm2). Carbon paper 90 was 0.23mW/cm2. Although having the biggest area power density, the general trend of the graphite pole is much lower than others and production of the electricity was not good. Even though the maximum of area power density of graphite pole, it might be the reason for increasing nutritive compound and elevation of temperature. The carbon paper 90 produce the area power density is the steadiest among three poles and its output voltage is a quite stable and low. MFC is excellent under carbon paper 90. The area power density had strong fluctuating scope, the power density is big and the overall value is high under carbon paper 60.

scholarly journals Electricity Production from Organic Wastes Fermentation by Microbial Fuel Cell Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 855 ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Piyarut Moonsri ◽  
Wilaiporn Pongpian ◽  
Prayak Juantrong
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Copper Metal ◽  
Potential Density

This research studied the electricity production from organic wastes fermentation by microbial fuel cell by using a single chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC). Two sizes (1 L and 10 L) of simple SCMFC were fabricated by using a cylindrical plastic tank which anode compartment and cathode compartment separated by plastic plate with hole and covered with cotton fabric. The anode electrode contacted with organic matter and microorganisms where anaerobic reaction occurred to generate electron and proton. The electrons transferred through an external circuit while the protons diffused through the solution to the cathode electrode for reducing oxygen to water. From the study of the effect of different electrode types (carbon graphite rod, zinc metal, and copper metal) to the electricity generation using the SCMFC size 1 L in fermentation with synthetic sweetness solution (22%Brix) and the effective microorganism (EM) for 36 hrs, it found that the fuel cell which used copper metal as electrode produced electricity increasing over the times and has more efficient than the other electrode types. The study of electricity generation from organic waste fermentation by using the SCMFC size 10 L and using copper metal as electrode, the results showed that the fermentation of pineapple waste produced the current density, potential density, and power density higher than the fermentation of bananas and the fermentation of food garbage with EM. An optimal period of time for the production of electricity from this microbial fuel cell is the first five days of fermentation that the cells has voltage »500 mV, the current density 25.52 mA m-2, potential density 104.69 V m-2 and power density 12.59 mW m-2, and then decline over time five days (120 hrs). Moreover the bio-liquid fertilizer and the residues from the fermentation can be further used in agricultural because of the nutrient content (N, P, K), organic carbon and organic material contents available.

Effects of architectural changes and inoculum type on internal resistance of a microbial fuel cell designed for the treatment of leachates from the dark hydrogenogenic fermentation of organic solid wastes

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 6199-6209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana L. Vázquez-Larios ◽  
Omar Solorza-Feria ◽  
Gerardo Vázquez-Huerta ◽  
Fernando Esparza-García ◽  
Noemí Rinderknecht-Seijas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Organic Solid ◽  
Organic Solid Wastes ◽  
Inoculum Type

scholarly journals RIGHTS, DEMOCRACY AND DEVELOPMENT: THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM’S ROLE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 394-420
Author(s):  
Vivian Maria Pereira Ferreira ◽  
Natalia Langenegger
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Public Interest Litigation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
The World

This article seeks to discuss whether and how the judicial system has been assuming a new institutional role in the design of public policies aimed at promoting of Economical Social and Cultural Rights (ESCR) in developing countries. Considering that these rights are crucial for human and social development, the article discusses the ways in which the judicial system might interfere with the process of development.Alongside a theoretical debate, the article presents a functionalist comparative study of the public interest litigation in Brazil, India and South Africa. It focuses on how judges seek to promote ESCR as well as on the benefits and problems of their intervention in public policies created by democratic governments and legislatures.The diagnosis that judicial systems around the world play different roles from the ones recommended by the economic neoliberal mainstream shows that several different institutional arrangements are possible and that some of them might be more adequate to the reality of the developing world. Therefore, the article hopes to provide insights to rethink global governance and the current knowledge on law and political economy from a new paradigm. 

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