scholarly journals Agricultural Activities and Restoration of Lake Chad

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Arnold Ombiono Kitoto
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Restoration Project ◽  
The Social ◽  
Contingent Valuation Survey ◽  
Temporal Horizon ◽  
Benefits And Costs

The disappearance of 90% of Lake Chad’s surface has brought riparian countries to elaborate a restoration project for this natural asset. The aim of this study is to estimate the benefits and costs associated with the realization of this project, in order to determine if it is socially profitable. The methodological approach use data from the contingent valuation survey conducted in 2011 in the Cameroonian part of Lake Chad and appropriate statistical and econometric procedures. First, we estimate the middle and long term benefits of the project to be €5,549,576.832 and €38,543,518.56 respectively. Then, we evaluate the costs generated by the implementation of such a project to €37,960,149.12. Finally, the social profitability of this project depends on the temporal horizon used by decision-makers. It is negative for an economic horizon and positive for an ecological horizon.

Threatening Conditions and Challenges in the Modern Living of the Old People in Republic of Macedonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Hava Rexhep
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Functional Dependency ◽  
Old People ◽  
Stomach Diseases ◽  
Social Challenge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Build System

The aging is not only a personal but also a social challenge from several aspects, several dimensions; a challenge aiming to build system approaches and solutions with a long term importance. Aims: the main aim of this research is to investigate the conditions and challenges in the modern living of the old people, primarily in terms of the social care. However, this research is concentrated on a big group of the population and their challenges are the most intensive in the modern living. The investigation of the conditions and challenges in the aging are basis and encouragement in realizing the progressive approaches in order to improve the modern living of the old people. The practical aim of the research is a deep investigation and finding important data, analyzing the basic indicators of the conditions, needs and challenges in order to facilitate the old population to get ready for the new life. Methods and techniques: Taking into consideration the complexity of the research problem, the basic methodological approach is performed dominantly by descriptive-analytical method. The basic instrument for getting data in the research is the questionnaire with leading interview for the old people. Results: The research showed that the old people over 70-79 years old in a bigger percentage manifested difficulties primarily related to the functional dependency, respectively 39,33 % of the participants in this category showed concern about some specific functional dependency from the offered categories. The percentage of the stomach diseases with 38,33 % is important, as well as the kidney diseases with 32,83% related to the total population and the category of the old people over 80. Conclusion: The old people very often accept the life as it is, often finding things fulfilled with tolerance and satisfaction. However the health problems of the old people are characterized with a dominant representation. The chronic diseases and the diseases characteristic for the aging are challenge in organizing adequate protection which addresses to taking appropriate regulations, programs and activities.

scholarly journals Assessment of behavioral factors influencing cooperation in logistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Kolodizieva
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Dual Relationships ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Social

The article explores theoretical and methodical aspects of managing dual relationships that arise between participants in logistic cooperation in the process of formation and functioning of supply chains. The use of a behavioral approach to defining supply chains has allowed identifying and justifying the priority role of behavioral factors that influence modern logistics entities and determine the effectiveness and long-term satisfaction with logistics cooperation. Given the literature summary, the study has classified types of cooperation in logistic activity and proved that among the behavioral factors influencing the of logistical cooperation efficiency, the trust is of particular importance, which remains a limitation, a bottleneck in the process of formation and development of dual relationships in logistics chains. It is proposed to introduce a generic indicator, namely the level of confidence in the supply chain to assess the social, economic and strategic aspects of logistics interaction. A methodological approach to assessing the level of trust in logistic cooperation was adjusted based on determining the composition of criteria that directly affect this indicator and using the expert survey of supply chain participants. The study proposes to use the confidence indicator to form and improve networks and supply chains, taking into account its value when constructing a generalized outsourcing model.

scholarly journals Benefits of Outdoor Sports for Society. A Systematic Literature Review and Reflections on Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Eigenschenk ◽  
Andreas Thomann ◽  
Mike McClure ◽  
Larissa Davies ◽  
Maxine Gregory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Outdoor Sports ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Benefits And Costs

The combination of physical activity and being in nature is recognized as providing a range of significant benefits. The objective of this literature review was to compile an overview of the social benefits and costs associated with outdoor sports within the academic literature and to reflect on the quality of underlying evidence that supports the relationship. A systematic review was carried out with seven partners from different European countries, including Bulgaria, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. From a total of 17,560 studies identified, 133 studies were selected with relevant data extracted to standardized forms. The selected studies have been analyzed with qualitative research methods. A meta-analysis could not be conducted due to the heterogeneity of the study designs and outcome measures. As a result, the review gives an overview of the social impacts associated with outdoor sports which have been clustered to six broad categories: physical health, mental health and wellbeing, education and lifelong learning, active citizenship, crime reduction, and anti-social behavior, as well as additional benefits. The review furthermore revealed gaps in the evidence base which are especially notable in the long-term effects that outdoor sports can have on personal and social development.

scholarly journals Analysis of the modalities of return of populations to the contaminated territories following the accident at the Fukushima power plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
Pascal Croüail ◽  
Thierry Schneider ◽  
Jean-Christophe Gariel ◽  
Masaharu Tsubokura ◽  
Wataru Naito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Radiological Criteria ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Uncertainty

Based on gathered viewpoints from Japanese stakeholders who face the consequences of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster at the national and local levels, the modalities and conditions governing the decision of evacuees to return home after the lifting of evacuation orders, have been examined. This analysis revealed the complexity of the situation in a context of high uncertainty, and also emphasized the need for decision-makers and decision-helpers (e.g. radiological protection and medical experts) to take account and respect the different choices made or envisaged by the impacted communities for whom radiological issues are only one facet of the problem. The analysis firstly deals with the dynamics of the emergency evacuation which has strongly influenced the issue of managing the return of populations. Social and especially family dimensions are also emphasized, particularly related to the organization of temporary housing. Then, the organization and the evolution of the characterization and zoning of the affected areas are discussed as well as the radiological criteria that have been used and how they have been perceived by people. Notably, the effects on health and welfare are emphasized, by analysing in particular the temporal dynamics since the accident. The difficulties encountered by evacuees and returnees and the specific situations of the various communities are also highlighted. The question of the development of a radiological protection culture through self-monitoring and protective actions and its long-term role is also discussed. Another key element concerns the effects of the compensation system: without going into details on the mechanisms put in place, the social and ethical questions raised by this system are presented. Finally, the question of “the future of the affected territories” is evoked by stressing the concerns of several municipalities for restoring their attractiveness for possible newcomers.

Threatening Conditions and Challenges in the Modern Living of the Old People in Republic of Macedonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Hava Rexhep
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Functional Dependency ◽  
Old People ◽  
Stomach Diseases ◽  
Social Challenge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Build System

The aging is not only a personal but also a social challenge from several aspects, several dimensions; a challenge aiming to build system approaches and solutions with a long term importance. Aims: the main aim of this research is to investigate the conditions and challenges in the modern living of the old people, primarily in terms of the social care. However, this research is concentrated on a big group of the population and their challenges are the most intensive in the modern living. The investigation of the conditions and challenges in the aging are basis and encouragement in realizing the progressive approaches in order to improve the modern living of the old people. The practical aim of the research is a deep investigation and finding important data, analyzing the basic indicators of the conditions, needs and challenges in order to facilitate the old population to get ready for the new life. Methods and techniques: Taking into consideration the complexity of the research problem, the basic methodological approach is performed dominantly by descriptive-analytical method. The basic instrument for getting data in the research is the questionnaire with leading interview for the old people. Results: The research showed that the old people over 70-79 years old in a bigger percentage manifested difficulties primarily related to the functional dependency, respectively 39,33 % of the participants in this category showed concern about some specific functional dependency from the offered categories. The percentage of the stomach diseases with 38,33 % is important, as well as the kidney diseases with 32,83% related to the total population and the category of the old people over 80. Conclusion: The old people very often accept the life as it is, often finding things fulfilled with tolerance and satisfaction. However the health problems of the old people are characterized with a dominant representation. The chronic diseases and the diseases characteristic for the aging are challenge in organizing adequate protection which addresses to taking appropriate regulations, programs and activities.

scholarly journals Social capacities for drought risk management in Switzerland

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3429-3441 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kruse ◽  
I. Seidl
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Water Users ◽  
The Social ◽  
Drought Risk Management

Abstract. This paper analyses the social capacities for drought risk management from the perspective of national and regional water users and policy- and decision-makers in Switzerland. The analysis follows five dimensions of social capacities as prerequisites for drought risk management. Regarding information and knowledge (1), basic data is available, however not assembled for an integrated drought information system. As for technology and infrastructure (2), limited proactive capacities are available with the exception of a few of the drought-prone regions; in emergency response to drought however, provisional capacities are put together. Regarding organisation and management (3) most regions have enough personnel and effective cooperation in the case of acute and sporadic drought; long-term strategies though are largely missing. Economic resources (4) are sufficient if droughts remain rare. Finally, institutions and policies (5) are not sufficient for proactive drought risk management, but have been suitable in the drought of 2003. Starting points for building social capacities are first, to draw on the extensive experiences with the management of other natural hazards, second to build an integrated drought information system, including social and economic impacts, and third to improve the institutional framework through consistent regulations and coordination for proactive drought risk management.

scholarly journals Privileged access to drugs in Russia and differential inflation of its monetary substitute

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Vlassov ◽  
M Kornilov
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
The Social ◽  
Real Value ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Drug Provision ◽  
Differential Inflation

Abstract Background and Objectives One of the most acute problems of current healthcare in Russia is the absence of drug provision in ambulatory care. Only invalids and war veterans are eligible for the free drugs. In 2005 this and other natural privileges were monetized - eligible people were offered to opt out for the money equivalent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the monetary substitution of the social services, specifically the inflation of the money substitution of drugs. Materials and Methods We use the official state statistics and evaluate the inflation using the official inflation rate and using the BigMac Index from 2005 to 2019. Results Over the past 10 years, the nominal value of the monetary equivalent of the set of social services has grown by 149% in nominal prices (from 450 to 1121 roubles, years 2005-2018). Official inflation over these years was 197%. Measured by BigMac Index the set of social services depreciated from 10.7 to 8.3. The cost of the drug provision subset had depreciated even more - from 9.52 to 6.39 units. The pensions during this period had increased in nominal, inflation-adjusted monetary size, and as measured by BigMac index. A set of social services in the natural equivalent decreased by 22.4%. The drug subset had depreciated even more - by 67.1%. Conclusions During the period from 2005 to 2019, the cost of a set of social services provided to the eligible citizens in monetary terms grew, while inflation-adjusted value and in physical terms it depreciated. Especially significant was the decrease of the value of the drug provision due to incomplete indexation for inflation. The decrease in the real value of the set of social services provided to vulnerable groups of citizens is an alarming trend. It is long lasting, and reflect the low priority of the drug provision for the decision makers. Key messages The value of the drug provision package is insufficiently corrected for inflation. The depreciation of the drug provision is long term and different from the other components of social support.

The Transit of Civilization: Methodological and Prognostic Aspects

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-146
Author(s):  
Alexander Ivanovich Neklessa
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
World Order ◽  
Order System ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Mass Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post War ◽  
Analytical Tools

The article is based on the report “The Transit of Civilizations: Methodological and Prognostic Aspects of Civilizational Competition”. It is devoted to the analysis of methodological and prognostic aspects of diachronic civilizational competition in the process of the current transformation of Modernity into the new historical state, defined as Postmodernity. Methodological and prognostic aspects of this historical transit are analyzed. The general aim of the study is to observe effective strategies for behavior while in situations of complexity, volatility, uncertainty and ambiguity. Different methods of orientation, action and management in post-war period are described and the possibility of their further transformation up to the next epistemological revolution is discussed. There is also an attempt to present certain analytical tools. Civilization is a dynamic concept, a social analogue of evolution. The globalization of modernity is accompanied by post-modern individuation, the antipode of industrial culture and mass society. The process of splitting of political structures, genesis of technical and anthropological complexity, creation of cloud structures – all this distorts the modern World Order. System approach is usually used to study complexities, while view of the future is based on a combination of transdisciplinary analysis, global context and long-term perspective. New methodological approach is produced for replacing the globality with fractality, long-term prognostics with non-linear dynamics, and transdisciplinary generalizations with uniqueness. The article also analyzes the latest generation of methodologies that possibly will allow us to make decisions and effectively act in this complex environment full of wicked situations and processes as well as non-classical approaches, such as the mode of action based on the analysis of deep codes of evolution, the art of non-classical operative, synergetic behavior, phenomen of serendipity etc. Research of the innovative methodological and predictive tools is an imperative for sustainable development, taking into account the upcoming turbulence of the social environment.

scholarly journals Social capacities for drought risk management in Switzerland

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1355-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kruse ◽  
I. Seidl
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Water Users ◽  
The Social ◽  
Drought Risk Management

Abstract. This paper analyses the social capacities for drought risk management and gaps from the perspective of national and regional water users and policy and decision makers in Switzerland. The analysis follows five dimensions of social capacities as prerequisites for drought risk management. Regarding information and knowledge (1), basic data is available, however not assembled for an integrated drought information system. As to technology and infrastructure (2), little pro-active capacities are available with exception to few drought-prone regions; in emergency response to drought though, provisional capacities are put together. Regarding organisation and management (3) most regions have enough personnel and effective cooperation in case of acute drought; long-term strategies though are largely missing. Economic resources (4) have been considered as sufficient if drought remains rare. Finally, institutions and policies (5) are not sufficient for pro-active drought risk management, but have been suitable in the drought of 2003. Starting points for building social capacities are first to draw back upon the extensive experiences with the management of other natural hazards, second to build an integrated drought information system, including social and economic impacts and third to improve the institutional framework through consistent regulations and coordination for pro-active drought risk management.

scholarly journals A manifesto for ‘slow’ comparative research on work and employment

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Almond ◽  
Heather Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Truth Claims ◽  
Work And Employment

We offer a defence of, and framework for, comparative research in industrial and employment relations, based on a long-term engagement with the social contexts under study. We locate ‘slow’ research strategies in relation to predominant approaches and establish a number of basic precepts of slow comparativism as a practical methodological approach. We aim to provoke a discussion among those conducting comparative research on work and employment about how truth claims are generated. We also seek a basis by which those conducting slower forms of comparativism, through what we term ‘implicit ethnographies’, can find better ways of developing and defending their modes of research within an often hostile academic political economy.

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