scholarly journals Immune System Modulations in Cancer Treatment: Nanoparticles in Immunotherapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadriye Kızılbey ◽  
Nelisa Türkoğlu ◽  
Fatma Ceren Kırmızıtaş
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Charge Material ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Car T

Cancer immunotherapy is based on the idea of overcoming the main problems in the traditional cancer treatments and enhancing the patient’s long-term survival and quality of life. Immunotherapy methods aimed to influence the immune system, to detect and eradicate the tumors site and predict the potential results. Nowadays, nanomaterials-based immunotherapy approaches are gaining interest due to numerous advantages like their ability to target cells and tissues directly and reduce the off-target toxicity. Therefore, topics about immune system components, nanomaterials, their usage in immunotherapy and the benefits they provide will be discussed in this presented book chapter. Immunotherapy can be divided into two groups mainly; active and passive immunotherapy including their subtitles such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive immunotherapy, CAR-T therapies, vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies. Main classification and the methods will be evaluated. Furthermore, state-of-art nanocarriers based immunotherapy methods will be mentioned in detail. The terms of size, charge, material type and surface modifications of the nanoparticles will be reviewed to understand the interference of immune system and nanoparticles and their advantages/disadvantages in immunotherapy systems.

scholarly journals Long-Term Survival, Quality of Life, and Psychosocial Outcomes in Advanced Melanoma Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Rogiers ◽  
Annelies Boekhout ◽  
Julia K. Schwarze ◽  
Gil Awada ◽  
Christian U. Blank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Advanced Melanoma ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Psychosocial Wellbeing

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become a standard of care option for the treatment of patients with advanced melanoma. Since the approval of the first immune checkpoint (CTLA-4) inhibitor ipilimumab in 2011 and programmed death-1 (PD-1) blocking monoclonal antibodies pembrolizumab and nivolumab thereafter, an increasing proportion of patients with unresectable advanced melanoma achieved long-term overall survival. Little is known about the psychosocial wellbeing, neurocognitive function, and quality of life (QOL) of these survivors. Knowledge about the long term side-effects of these novel treatments is scarce as long-term survivorship is a novel issue in the field of immunotherapy. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current knowledge regarding the survival and safety results of pivotal clinical trials in the field of advanced melanoma and to highlight potential long-term consequences that are likely to impact psychosocial wellbeing, neurocognitive functioning, and QOL. The issues raised substantiate the need for clinical investigation of these issues with the aim of optimizing comprehensive health care for advanced melanoma survivors.

scholarly journals The patients’ perspective on coordinated action for cancer and AMR

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Apostolidis
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Coordinated Action ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Patients Perspective

Abstract The speaker will present the perspective of the cancer patients, and the challenges they encounter across the spectrum of care and what measures they consider relevant in terms of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and, indeed, to raise awareness of the impact of AMR on rendering cancer treatments ineffective. She will elaborate on survivorship, and on the impact of AMR on the quality of life of patients, their carers, and families. Emphasis will be given on the implications of modern therapies, such as immunotherapy, representing a unique challenge in terms of better understanding the effect on overall health of patients, with the effect they have the immune system, further weakening the patient and leaving him/her exposed to infections potentially of higher risk than cancer itself.

scholarly journals Long-Term Survival and Quality of Life After Transfusion-Associated Pulmonary Edema in Critically III Medical Patients

CHEST Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangxi Li ◽  
Marija Kojicic ◽  
Martin K. Reriani ◽  
Evans R. Fernández Pérez ◽  
Lokendra Thakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

scholarly journals The Role of Sphingolipids in Cancer Immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6492
Author(s):  
Paola Giussani ◽  
Alessandro Prinetti ◽  
Cristina Tringali
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Car T ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Lymphocyte Egress

Immunotherapy is now considered an innovative and strong strategy to beat metastatic, drug-resistant, or relapsing tumours. It is based on the manipulation of several mechanisms involved in the complex interplay between cancer cells and immune system that culminates in a form of immune-tolerance of tumour cells, favouring their expansion. Current immunotherapies are devoted enforcing the immune response against cancer cells and are represented by approaches employing vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, interleukins, checkpoint inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. Despite the undoubted potency of these treatments in some malignancies, many issues are being investigated to amplify the potential of application and to avoid side effects. In this review, we discuss how sphingolipids are involved in interactions between cancer cells and the immune system and how knowledge in this topic could be employed to enhance the efficacy of different immunotherapy approaches. In particular, we explore the following aspects: how sphingolipids are pivotal components of plasma membranes and could modulate the functionality of surface receptors expressed also by immune cells and thus their functionality; how sphingolipids are related to the release of bioactive mediators, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and ceramide that could significantly affect lymphocyte egress and migration toward the tumour milieu, in addition regulating key pathways needed to activate immune cells; given the renowned capability of altering sphingolipid expression and metabolism shown by cancer cells, how it is possible to employ sphingolipids as antigen targets.

Therapeutic cancer vaccines: reasons to believe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Antigen Receptors ◽  
Engineered T Cells ◽  
The Right ◽  
Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines

Our hopes of using the power of the immune system to control tumours have been partially fulfilled with anti-PD1 antibodies and other checkpoint inhibitors and the use of engineered T cells targeting lineage-specific surface markers with chimeric antigen receptors. Can these successes be generalised? Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to educate or re-educate the immune system to recognise tumour specific or tumour associated antigens. After many false dawns, some positive data for the effectiveness of such an approach is starting to emerge in advanced solid tumours, albeit as combination therapies with checkpoint inhibitors. But is the field targeting the right antigens? Interventions using the most effective vaccine platforms to target certain sets of antigens in patients with low disease burden might bring impressive long-term benefits to patients as single agents.

Quality of life and predictors of long-term survival after cardiac surgery

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement 38) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
E. Bignami ◽  
G. Landoni ◽  
G. Crescenzi ◽  
G. Giardina ◽  
F. Boroli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

scholarly journals Psychosocial Aspects and Quality of Life in Cancer Patients undergoing Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
M. Bakos ◽  
T. Jankovic ◽  
M. Vidiscak ◽  
S. Durdik
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Physical Relationship ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Eortc Qlq

Introduction:Quality of life in cancer patients and probably also long term survival is negatively affected with fear of the recurrence of cancer and consequences of aggressive therapy. This is the reason for anxiety, depressions, and frustration which are accompanied by cognitive, emotional and behavioral disorders in their physical, relationship, sexual and social func- tioning. The aim of our study is to analyze the dynamics of evolution of the psychosocial loads and qualitative changes its symptomatology in cancer patients who survival 1-4 years after surgery. Material and methods:For assessment of psychosocial mor- bidity ́s in measure in surgery patients standardized question- naires of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer- questionnaire EORTC QLQ-C30.3 (Quality of Life- C.30.3) and its module EORTC QLQ- BR23 were used. Results:The degree of psychosocial mortality in survival pa- tients one year after MRM in our group clearly demonstrated that these patients suffered because of consequences of psy- chosocial loads. It results from fear of recurrence of cancer and next functional, emotional, cognitive and social disorders with- out regard for surgery range. The degree of psychosocial loads in patients after MRM is still more than 4 years after end of treatment. Results show, that after the end of treatment there are many changes in their lives - anxiety and depressions can lead to psychical lability because of higher doubts, nervous- ness, irritability, helplessness and loneliness in their sufferers. Conclusion:Out-patient psychosocial interventions and pre- ventions because of negative impact of ongoing and changing psychosocial loads becomes necessary. It means that there is negative impact on quality of life; of long term cancer remis- sion and survival of patients after surgery.

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