scholarly journals Solidification of Metals and Alloys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upendra Kumar Mohanty ◽  
Hrushikesh Sarangi
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Metals And Alloys ◽  
Liquid Metal Surface ◽  
The Common ◽  
Pure Metals ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Rates Of Growth

In order to analyse the process of solidification of metals and alloys critically, it is most pertinent to understand the different modes of nucleation and the uneven rates of growth throughout the melt. It is also important to take a note of the constraints in the growth process that definitely influence the crystal structure and the structure related properties of the casting. The freezing pattern of the liquid melt decides the feeding of the mould which is instrumental in producing a complete and compact casting. For pure metals and even in case of alloys with a narrow freezing range a well defined solid–liquid macro-interface exists. Here feeding of the solidifying casting is the easiest, by the common lowering of the liquid metal surface in the mould. However, in many instances, a well defined interface is not witnessed. The solid–liquid interface could be discrete and not continuous. Here process of feeding the solidification sites that witness considerable shrinkages, may become complicated. On grounds of above it is implied, the process of solidification constitutes an important aspects in the production of a defect free casting.

Metallurgical Principles

Extrusion ◽  
2006 ◽  
pp. 141-194
Author(s):  
Martin Bauser
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Metals And Alloys ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Fracture Characteristics ◽  
Pure Metals ◽  
Weld Seams ◽  
Cast Microstructure

Abstract This chapter explains the basic terminology and principles of metallurgy as they apply to extrusion. It begins with an overview of crystal structure in metals and alloys, including crystal defects and orientation. This is followed by sections discussing the development of the continuous cast microstructure of aluminum and copper alloys. The discussion provides information on billet and grain segregation and defects in continuous casting. The chapter then discusses the processes involved in the deformation of pure metals and alloys at room temperature. Next, it describes the characteristics of pure metals and alloys at higher temperatures. The processes involved in extrusion are then covered. The chapter provides details on how the toughness and fracture characteristics of metals and alloys affect the extrusion process. The weld seams in hollow profiles, the production of composite profiles, and the processing of composite materials, as well as the extrusion of metal powders, are discussed. The chapter ends with a discussion on the factors that define the extrudability of metallic materials and how these attributes are characterized.

Effects of DTAB on Performance of Nano Pd/C Catalyst for Purification of Terephthalic Acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 140-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fa Xin Xiao ◽  
Yan Song Li ◽  
Xin Yang Xu ◽  
Xiao Ni Shen ◽  
Yong Peng Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Dodecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Palladium Particles ◽  
Stable Structures

The 0.5 wt.% Pd/C catalysts used for purification of terephthalic acid(TA) were prepared, and the effects of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide(DTAB) concentration on activity and microstructure of catalysts were investigated by means of SEM, TEM, XRD,HPLC,specific surface area(BET) and porosity test. The results show that DTAB can increase the activity of Pd/C catalysts, and the catalytic activity increases with the increase in DTAB concentration and nearly remains constant with further increase after it exceeds 0.5 wt.%.. DTAB can clean the surface of activated carbon and diminish the palladium size of Pd/C catalysts. The addition of DTAB has effects in crystal structure of nano Pd/C catalysts, and the Pd crystal planes of (111) and (200) was replaced by a broad reflections after DTAB added. DTAB tends to form various meta-stable structures(spherical or cylindrical)at the solid-liquid interface that helps finer grain for mation and hinders subsequent coarsening of the palladium particles.

Study on the Solidification Microstructure of Aluminum Alloyed High Speed Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Feng Zhou ◽  
Xiao Yan Yin ◽  
Feng Fang ◽  
Jian Qing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Interface Structure ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Solidification Microstructure ◽  
Eutectic Carbides ◽  
M2 High Speed Steel ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

The present work has investigated the effect of aluminum on the solidification microstructure of M2 high speed steel. The results show that the as-cast structure is refined and the networks of M2C eutectic carbides are distributed more homogeneously with the addition of aluminum. Meanwhile, the morphology of M2C changes from the fibrous shape to the plate-like one. Despite of the same crystal structure, the microstructure differs greatly between the two carbides. Compared with the fibrous M2C, micro-twining is formed in the plate-like M2C, resulting in the orientation changes between different plates. It is expected that the solid/liquid interface structure of M2C may evolve from the non-faceted into the faceted due to the addition of aluminum.

In Situ Observation of Growth Process of δ Phase of 0.15% C Carbon Steel during Solidification

2011 ◽  
Vol 299-300 ◽  
pp. 341-344
Author(s):  
Xu Dong Yue ◽  
Guang Can Jin ◽  
Shu Ying Chen ◽  
Guo Wei Chang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
High Temperature Phase ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

In situ observation of growth process of high temperature phase in 0.15% C carbon steel during solidification concerned with using Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope (CSLM), the growth rate of -phase has been measured. The results indicate that high temperature -phase grows at cell crystal way when the cooling speed reaches 2°C/min in 0.15% C carbon steel. The -phase of round or oval cross-sectional shaped may grow stably. The growth rate of -phase is gradually getting slow along with increasing of curvature radius. The variation of growth speed tends to be similar with different solid-liquid interface shapes of -phase. The growth rate of concave solid-liquid interface is faster than that of convex solid-liquid interface for phase. The smaller radius of curvature of phase is, the faster the growth rate reaches.

Spectroscopic analysis focusing on ionic liquid/metal electrode and organic semiconductor interfaces in electrochemical environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Tanabe
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Organic Semiconductor ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Metal Electrode ◽  
Semiconductor Interfaces ◽  
Liquid Metal Electrode ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

The solid–liquid interface forms the electronic double layer that enables function of electric devices and, thus, represents an important area of electrochemical research. Because ionic liquids (ILs) are becoming prominent...

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