scholarly journals The Role of Gender in the Onset, Development and Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Co-Morbidities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Féaron C. Cassidy ◽  
Sinead Lafferty ◽  
Cynthia M. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Painful Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Gender Influences

Almost half a billion people worldwide are living with diabetes mellitus (DM). Complications associated with DM are common and approximately half of those people with DM suffer from at least one comorbidity. There is high mortality, morbidity and cost associated with these comorbidities which include cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and osteopathy. Gender influences the relative risk of developing complications from DM via differing mechanisms – both directly and indirectly. Generally, an increased relative risk of cardiovascular disease and kidney disease is noticed in women with DM compared to the non-DM context, where rates of both are much higher in men. Men appear to be at greater risk of diabetic retinopathy and also of insensate diabetic neuropathy, whereas women suffer from an increased rate of painful diabetic neuropathy compared to men. These differences are not clear cut and vary regionally and temporally, indicating that the field would benefit from further research on both the epidemiology and physiological mechanism of the observed patterns. These differences should be taken into account in treatment programmes for DM and its comorbidities.

scholarly journals Vascular Disease in Diabetic Women: Why Do They Miss the Female Protection?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Villela Dantas ◽  
Zuleica Bruno Fortes ◽  
Maria Helena Catelli de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Vascular Protection

Gender plays a pivotal role in the onset as well as in the progression of the cardiovascular disease with a higher morbidity and mortality being detected in men with respect to women. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) may reduce gender-related differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease by fading the vascular protective effects afforded by estrogen in females. This article will discuss the role of sex and sex hormones on the incidence and mechanisms involved in vascular dysfunction associated to T2DM, which might explain why women with T2DM lack the vascular protection.

scholarly journals Role of Stress in Newly Detected Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1493
Author(s):  
Bavneet Kaur ◽  
Upneet Bedi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Strong Association

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension are chronic diseases whose prevalence is increasing globally. Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetes and hypertension, and lifestyle and clinical risk factor do not fully account for the link between the conditions.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> This study provides an overview of the evidences concerning the role of stressful life events as contributors of increasing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension in the population.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Prospective cross-sectional study comprising of 80 random cases of newly detected type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Strength of association with the outcome endurance of diabetes mellitus and hypertension with stress levels grouped as slight risk, moderate risk and at risk was evaluated and reported as RR (relative risk) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) x^2 used for trend, p-value of &lt;0.05 was considered as statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Strong association found between exposure to stress and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (RR=1.51, 95% CI=1.09-2.10) (p=0.02). A positive linear trend was observed between hypertension and stress. For SBP (x^2 for trend=18.5, df=2, p=0.0001 highly significant). DBP 7 times more risk of developing hypertension (RR=7.36, 95% CI=1.27-4.94), p=0.0006 (highly significant).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Strong association was found between stress and development of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In hypertensive's a positive linear trend was seen between the two variables. In the diabetics, the relative risk with stress was 1.5 times. Stressful life events increase the risk of developing Type2 diabetes and hypertension.</p>

scholarly journals Nutrients and Dietary Approaches in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4150
Author(s):  
Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana ◽  
Pedro Iglesias ◽  
Josep Ribalta ◽  
Teresa Vilariño-García ◽  
Laura Montañez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Common Cause

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The prevalence of CVD is much higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who may benefit from lifestyle changes, which include adapted diets. In this review, we provide the role of different groups of nutrients in patients with T2DM and CVD, as well as dietary approaches that have been associated with better and worse outcomes in those patients. Many different diets and supplements have proved to be beneficial in T2DM and CVD, but further studies, guidelines, and dietary recommendations are particularly required for patients with both diseases.

scholarly journals Importance of Prandial Glucose Regulation in the Management of Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Rodica Teodora Străchinariu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Apparent Paradox

AbstractThere is a worldwide epidemic increase in the number of type 2 diabetes (T2DM)patients who frequently associate with cardiovascular disease (CVD). There are datasuggesting that glycemic control does not substantially reduce CVD risk buthyperglycemia increases the risk of CVD. This apparent paradox could be explainedby the role of post-prandial hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of cardiovascularcomplications in T2DM. There is numerous evidences, both experimental andclinical, for this association but controversies on this topic persist. The aim of thispaper was to review the current literature regarding the role of postprandial glucosein the genesis of CVD in T2DM.

The Role of Exercise in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M McGavock ◽  
Neil D Eves ◽  
Sandra Mandic ◽  
Nicole M Glenn ◽  
H Arthur Quinney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

scholarly journals ROLE OF SARVANGA UDVARTANA AND SARVANGA TAKRADHARA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MADHUMEHA: A CLINICAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
S Jagadesh Kumar ◽  
Shreyas D M ◽  
Kiran M Goud
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycaemia

Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem of this era. Presently India is having the largest diabetic population of 50.8 million. In 2015, diabetes was the direct cause of 1.6 million deaths. Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion. Diabetes, particularly type 2 is associated with various long-term complications like Diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, etc., Globally diabetic neuropathy affects approximately 132 million people as of 2010 (1.9% of population). There is a higher prevalence (60.4%) and incidence (8.76%) of sensory peripheral neuropathy among the observed diabetic patients. In Ayurveda, the symptoms of Diabetic neuropathy are explained under the headings of Purvaroopa and upadrava of Prameha. Madhumeha is a bahudrava shleshma condition. So, Sarvanga Udvartana and Sarvanga Takradhara is been adopted to counteract the Samprapti of Prameha. A minimum of 20 subjects who fulfilled the diagnostic and inclusion criteria was subjected to the intervention. The overall results in the study revealed statistically highly significant result after the treatment on reducing symptoms and blood sugar levels.

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