scholarly journals Effects of Physiotherapy Interventions on the Function of the Locomotor System in Elder Age: View of Theory and Practice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boglárka Debity ◽  
Julianna Cseri
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
And Performance

The aim of this chapter is to give an overview about the aging processes in the neural and muscuo-skeletal system at cellular and tissue level to highlight the demand for physiotherapy interventions. Searching the relevant literature published in the last decade, it was found that the loss of muscle mass (myofiber atrophy and decrease in the number of myofibers) is associated with decreased regeneration capacity of the skeletal muscle, deterioration of the neural control and bone remodeling as well as the impaired microcirculation leading to insufficient adaptation to the physical exercises. In the management of the aging-related deterioration of the skeletal muscle (sarcopenia), the first tool is the resistance training that improves the muscle mass and power as well as the functional outcomes regarding the mobility and physical performance. The endurance (aerobic) training improves the cardiovascular and respiratory status providing better blood supply to the skeletal muscle and exerts some effects directly to the skeletal muscle and bone (increases the mitochondrial functions, improves the bone remodeling). The combination of aerobic and resistance training seems to be more effective against the sarcopenia and osteopenia. The balance training gives additional benefits, so (together with increased muscle power and performance) improves the quality of life.

Chronic exercise and skeletal muscle power in older men

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans C Dreyer ◽  
E Todd Schroeder ◽  
Steven A Hawkins ◽  
Taylor J Marcell ◽  
Kyle M Tarpenning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Absolute Strength ◽  
The One ◽  
Older Males

We sought to determine the effects of age and chronic exercise on muscle power in older males. We examined 32 older males 60-74 years of age and grouped as sedentary (CON, n = 11), chronic endurance trained (ET, n = 10), and chronic endurance trained + resistance training (ET + RT, n = 11). Exercise history was obtained by questionnaire. Absolute strength and power measures were obtained by the one-repetition maximum method. Relative strength and power were determined by dividing the absolute measure by the muscle mass involved in the exercise. Total and regional muscle mass was measured by DXA. Absolute and relative leg power were not significantly different among the 3 groups. In contrast, absolute leg press strength was greater in ET + RT compared with CON, and relative leg press strength was greater in ET and ET + RT compared with CON. Chronic running combined with resistance training may therefore enhance absolute and relative muscle strength in older adults, but does not influence muscle power. Endurance exercise may inhibit the ability of resistance exercise to positively influence skeletal muscle power.Key words: aging, strength, running, resistance training.

scholarly journals Japanese radio calisthenics prevents the reduction of skeletal muscle mass volume in people with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Kimura ◽  
Takuro Okamura ◽  
Keiko Iwai ◽  
Yoshitaka Hashimoto ◽  
Takafumi Senmaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Therapeutic Exercises ◽  
The Difference

ObjectiveReduction of muscle mass and strength is an important treatment target for patients with type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have reported that high-intensity resistance training improves physical function; however, all patients found it difficult to perform high-intensity resistance training. Radio calisthenics, considered as therapeutic exercises to promote health in Japan, are simple exercises that can be performed regardless of age and help move the muscles and joints of the whole body effectively according to the rhythm of radio. We investigated the efficacy of radio calisthenics for muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes in this retrospective cohort study.Research design and methodsA total of 42 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, kg/m2) was calculated as appendicular muscle mass (kg) divided by height squared (m2). We defined the change of SMI as the difference of SMI between the beginning and end of hospitalization.ResultsAmong 42 patients, 15 (11 men and 4 women) performed radio calisthenics. Body weights of both radio calisthenics exercisers and non-exercisers decreased during hospitalization. The change of SMI was significantly lesser in radio calisthenics exercisers than in non-exercisers (7.1±1.4 to 7.1±1.3, –0.01±0.09 vs 6.8±1.1 to 6.5±1.2, –0.27±0.06 kg/m2, p=0.016). The proportion of decreased SMI was 85.2% (23/27 patients) in non-radio calisthenics exercisers, whereas that in radio calisthenics exercisers was 46.7% (7/15 patients).ConclusionsRadio calisthenics prevent the reduction of skeletal muscle mass. Thus, radio calisthenics can be considered effective for patients with type 2 diabetes.

Effects of resistance training and chromium picolinate on body composition and skeletal muscle in older men

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne W. Campbell ◽  
Lyndon J. O. Joseph ◽  
Stephanie L. Davey ◽  
Deanna Cyr-Campbell ◽  
Richard A. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Repetition Maximum

The effects of chromium picolinate (CrPic) supplementation and resistance training (RT) on skeletal muscle size, strength, and power and whole body composition were examined in 18 men (age range 56–69 yr). The men were randomly assigned (double-blind) to groups ( n = 9) that consumed either 17.8 μmol Cr/day (924 μg Cr/day) as CrPic or a low-Cr placebo for 12 wk while participating twice weekly in a high-intensity RT program. CrPic increased urinary Cr excretion ∼50-fold ( P < 0.001). RT-induced increases in muscle strength ( P < 0.001) were not enhanced by CrPic. Arm-pull muscle power increased with RT at 20% ( P = 0.016) but not at 40, 60, or 80% of the one repetition maximum, independent of CrPic. Knee-extension muscle power increased with RT at 20, 40, and 60% ( P < 0.001) but not at 80% of one repetition maximum, and the placebo group gained more muscle power than did the CrPic group (RT by supplemental interaction, P < 0.05). Fat-free mass ( P < 0.001), whole body muscle mass ( P < 0.001), and vastus lateralis type II fiber area ( P < 0.05) increased with RT in these body-weight-stable men, independent of CrPic. In conclusion, high-dose CrPic supplementation did not enhance muscle size, strength, or power development or lean body mass accretion in older men during a RT program, which had significant, independent effects on these measurements.

scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Training of Peripheral Muscles Versus Respiratory Muscles in Older Adults With Sarcopenia Who are Institutionalized: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria À. Cebrià i Iranzo ◽  
Mercè Balasch-Bernat ◽  
María Á. Tortosa-Chuliá ◽  
Sebastià Balasch-Parisi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Peripheral Muscle

This study compares the effects of two resistance training programs in peripheral and respiratory musculature on muscle mass and strength and physical performance and identifies the appropriate muscle mass parameter for assessing the intervention effects. Thirty-seven institutionalized older Spanish adults with sarcopenia were analyzed: control group (n = 17), respiratory muscle training group (n = 9), and peripheral muscle training group (n = 11). Measured outcomes were appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM/height2, ASM/weight, and ASM/BMI), isometric knee extension, arm flexion and handgrip strength, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and gait speed pre- and postintervention. Trained groups participated in a 12-week program and improved in maximum static inspiratory pressure, maximum static expiratory pressure, knee extension, and arm flexion (p < .05), whereas nonsignificant changes were found in gait speed and ASM indexes pre- and postintervention in the three groups. In conclusion, resistance training improved skeletal muscle strength in the studied population, and any ASM index was found to be appropriate for detecting changes after physical interventions.

scholarly journals The interaction between nutrition and exercise for promoting health and performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver C. Witard ◽  
Derek Ball
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Performance

The theme of The Nutrition Society Spring Conference 2017 was on the interaction between nutrition and exercise for promoting healthy ageing, maintaining cognitive function and improving the metabolic health of the population. The importance of this theme is highlighted by the public health issues surrounding obesity, diabetes and the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia). The opening symposium provided a historical perspective of both invasive and non-invasive methodologies for measuring exercise energetics and energy balance. Data derived from these techniques underpin current understanding regarding the metabolic response to nutrition and exercise. Further symposia examined the importance of skeletal muscle for healthy ageing in older men and postmenopausal women. From a nutritional perspective, the potential for animal- v. plant-based protein sources to offset the age-related decline in muscle mass was discussed. The day concluded by discussing the link(s) between nutrition, exercise and brain function. Day 2 commenced with examples of applied equine research illustrating the link between nutrition/exercise and insulin resistance to those of a human model. The final symposium examined the combined role of nutrition and exercise in reducing risk of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia. The overall conclusion from the meeting was that the interaction between diet and physical activity confers greater benefits to human health and performance than either component alone.

Resistance training-induced increases in muscle mass and performance in ponies

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 877-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT W. HECK ◽  
KENNETH H. MCKEEVER ◽  
STEPHEN E. ALWAY ◽  
WAYNE K. AUGE ◽  
ROBERT WHITEHEAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
And Performance

RESISTANCE TRAINING-INDUCED CHANGES IN TOTAL BODY SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS AND DISTRIBUTION

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S294
Author(s):  
K Kojima ◽  
T Abe ◽  
C F. Kearns ◽  
T Aoba ◽  
T Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Induced Changes

Resistance Training With Excessive Training Load and Insufficient Recovery Alters Skeletal Muscle Mass–Related Protein Expression

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 2338-2345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Wagner Alves Souza ◽  
Andreo F. Aguiar ◽  
Ivan J. Vechetti-Júnior ◽  
Warlen Pereira Piedade ◽  
Gerson Eduardo Rocha Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Related Protein

scholarly journals Transdermal Estrogen Therapy Improves Gains in Skeletal Muscle Mass After 12 Weeks of Resistance Training in Early Postmenopausal Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tine Vrist Dam ◽  
Line Barner Dalgaard ◽  
Steffen Ringgaard ◽  
Frank Ted Johansen ◽  
Mads Bisgaard Bengtsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Transdermal Estrogen

ContextWomen show an accelerated loss of muscle mass around menopause, possibly related to the decline in estrogen. Furthermore, the anabolic response to resistance exercise seems to be hampered in postmenopausal women.ObjectiveWe aimed to test the hypothesis that transdermal estrogen therapy (ET) amplifies the skeletal muscle response to resistance training in early postmenopausal women.DesignA double-blinded randomized controlled study.SettingDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark.ParticipantsThirty-one healthy, untrained postmenopausal women no more than 5 years past menopause.Intervention(s)Supervised resistance training with placebo (PLC, n = 16) or transdermal ET (n = 15) for 12 weeks.Main Outcome Measure(s)The primary outcome parameter was a cross-sectional area of quadriceps femoris measured by magnetic resonance imaging, and secondary parameters were fat-free mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), muscle strength, and functional tests.ResultsThe increase in muscle cross-sectional area was significantly greater in the ET group (7.9%) compared with the PLC group (3.9%) (p &lt; 0.05). Similarly, the increase in whole-body fat-free mass was greater in the ET group (5.5%) than in the PLC group (2.9%) (p &lt; 0.05). Handgrip strength increased in ET (p &lt; 0.05) but did not change in the PLC group. Muscle strength parameters, jumping height, and finger strength were all improved after the training period with no difference between groups.ConclusionThe use of transdermal ET enhanced the increase in muscle mass in response to 12 weeks of progressive resistance training in early postmenopausal women.

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