scholarly journals Suffering as a Diagnostic Indicator

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Rózycki ◽  
Robert Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Disease Entities ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Diagnostic Indicator

Pain is the subjective sensation closely related to disease and treatment. Very often its diagnosis is more an expression of the diagnostician’s experience than a description of the patient’s actual condition. In particular, orthopedic and neurological patients who develop Complex Regional Pain Syndrome are misdiagnosed because the intensity of their sensations is disbelieved. Based on case studies, it seems appropriate to introduce an additional category of patient experience that will enable prompt recognition and appropriate treatment. The misdiagnoses under evaluation also exhibit frequent improper practitioner responses to patients’ experience, ranging from open expressions of disbelief, through indifference, to helplessness and pessimism. This article presents case studies in which patients’ expressions of suffering were not used to modify the treatment. Rather, medical professionals accepted the pain as normal under the circumstances and resulting from tissue damage. However, in these cases, the pain was a symptom of a new disease entity, in development since the original diagnosis. With improved patient communication and treatment procedures, such oversights can be avoided and new disease entities will be more readily diagnosable.

scholarly journals Microwave and Ultrasound Based Methods in Sludge Treatment: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7067
Author(s):  
Zoltán Jákói ◽  
Balázs Lemmer ◽  
Cecilia Hodúr ◽  
Sándor Beszédes
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
H2o2 Treatment ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Anaerobic Digestibility

The amount of waste activated sludge (WAS) is increasing annually, and since it presents potential environmental and health-related risks, an appropriate treatment and stabilization process is needed. It has been shown in numerous studies in the past few decades that amongst the advanced treatment methods of sludge, microwave and ultrasound-based processes offer promising and effective alternatives. The main advantage of these physical methods is that they are energy-efficient, easy to implement and can be combined with other types of treatment procedures without major difficulties. In this review article we would like to present the recent scientific results of the microwave, ultrasound and combined (microwave-alkaline, microwave-H2O2, ultrasound-alkaline and ultrasound-H2O2) treatment of wastewater sludge, in terms of different process-efficiency indicators. Although the obtained results somewhat vary between the different scientific papers, it can be undoubtedly stated that both MW and US—either individually or in combination with chemical treatments—can enhance several aspects of sludge processing, like increasing the SCOD/TCOD rate, disintegration degree (DD), or the anaerobic digestibility (AD), but the extent of these increments clearly depends on the treatment conditions or parameters.

scholarly journals Molecular diagnostics in drug‐resistant focal epilepsy define new disease entities

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Kobow ◽  
Stéphanie Baulac ◽  
Andreas Deimling ◽  
Jeong Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Disease Entities

Predictors of Psychiatric Morbidity in Cancer Patients

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Harrison ◽  
Peter Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Patients Experience

BackgroundA significant proportion of cancer patients experience psychiatric morbidity in association with diagnosis and treatment. If this morbidity is to be reduced, a better understanding is needed of the factors which influence adjustment to cancer.MethodA review of the literature was carried out to explore those factors associated with poor psychological adjustment to cancer. These are described under four headings: characteristics of the patient; disease and treatment variables; the interaction between patient and illness; and environmental factors.ResultsA number of risk factors for psychiatric morbidity can be identified from each of the four areas. Methodological limitations are highlighted, in particular the preponderance of cross-sectional study designs.ConclusionsIncreased awareness of the risk factors for psychiatric morbidity should lead to earlier detection and more appropriate treatment. Future research should focus on those risk factors which are potentially modifiable.

scholarly journals Spinal Cord Electrical Stimulation for Refractory Angina Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 272-278
Author(s):  
Gustavo Veloso Lages ◽  
Jose Oswaldo Oliveira Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Refractory Angina ◽  
Family Disruption ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Absence From Work

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death worldwide, including in Brazil. Angina pectoris is a challenging disease because its clinical manifestation is not always related to the degree of obstruction. Visceral pain from any source can be totally disabling. It influences all aspects of the life of a patient and it can be one of the main causes of absence from work and of family disruption. Spinal cord electrical stimulation (SCES) has been traditionally applied for the treatment of neuropathic pain, with good to excellent results. Visceral pain syndrome can be as debilitating and disabling as somatic or neuropathic pain; however, there seems to be a lack of consensus on the appropriate treatment and strategies for these disorders. The major difference of SCES for visceral pain, compared to postlaminectomy syndrome or to regional complex syndrome, is the number of stimulated dermatomes. In most viscera, the somatotopic arrangement has two to four medullar levels, sometimes requiring laterality. After reviewing the literature, we have concluded that SCES is now a viable, low-risk option with satisfactory results for the treatment of neuropathic and visceral pain; therefore, it can be used in refractory angina after the failure of standard therapy. However, further studies are required to increase the application and efficacy of this procedure in the clinical practice.

Multiple Sclerosis and Pain: A Medical Focus

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Kassirer
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Alternative Interventions ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Iatrogenic Pain

Abstract About 65% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients experience a broad range of both acute and subacute painful syndromes. Acute conditions (eg, trigeminal neuralgia and Lhermitte's syndrome) cause intense, unrelenting pain that may worsen with age and disease progression. Chronic pain (eg, joint pain) is also a component of MS. Pain syndromes, including optic neuritis, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), and other less well-known syndromes, may respond to a variety of pharmacologic, surgical, or alternative interventions. MS patients may also experience iatrogenic pain. Some successful drug treatments for pain that are used in combination or alone include anticonvulsants, tricyclics, methylprednisolone, and narcotics. Surgical interventions, percutaneous compression-balloons, and radiofrequency ablation are other viable options for some pain syndromes.

scholarly journals Multimodality Technologies in the Assessment of Hematolymphoid Neoplasms

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyong Li ◽  
David L. Jaye ◽  
Kyle T. Bradley ◽  
Linsheng Zhang ◽  
Debra Saxe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Disease Entities ◽  
Minimal Disease ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hematolymphoid Neoplasms ◽  
Immunophenotypic Analysis

Accurate assessment of tissues for hematolymphoid neoplasms requires an integrated multiparameter approach. Although morphologic examination by light microscopy remains the mainstay of initial assessment for hematolymphoid neoplasms, immunophenotypic analysis by immunohistochemistry and/or flow cytometry is essential to determine the pattern of differentiation and to detect minimal disease when morphology is inconclusive. In some cases, immunophenotypic analysis provides additional information for targeted immunotherapy and prognostication. Genotypic studies, including cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization, DNA microarray, polymerase chain reaction, and/or next-generation sequencing, are also imperative for subclassification of the genetically defined disease entities in the current World Health Organization classification of hematolymphoid neoplasms. Moreover, genotypic studies can establish clonality, stratify patients to determine appropriate treatment, and monitor patients for treatment response.

Psychiatric and Psychological Aspects of Chronic Pain

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Patient Evaluation ◽  
Chronic Pain Syndrome ◽  
Psychosocial Needs ◽  
Treatment Measures

AbstractTo gain a better understanding and a more complete assessment of chronic pain syndrome, the psychosocial, psychological, psychodynamic, and psychiatric aspects of this condition should be included in patient evaluation. As illustrated in the two case studies presented, this approach leads to clearer recognition of the biological and psychosocial needs of patients, and allows for more effective treatment measures to be taken.

Differential diagnosis of pain in the lower back and cancer diseases in vertebro-neurological ambulatory practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Мартыш ◽  
V. Martysh ◽  
Болдин ◽  
A. Boldin
Keyword(s):  
Medical Errors ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
The People ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Ambulatory Practice ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Cancer Diseases

A large number of diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis, at different stages of their development, can have a similar clinical manifestation - a pain in the lower back and proceed masked, namely, in the form of different variants of dorsopathies. Not all of these diseases are associated with degenerative-dystrophic processes in the vertebral motor segment and myofascial disorders. A number of cancer diseases may occur with lesions of the spine both primary and secondary. In turn, this causes a clinical picture that is similar to the symptoms of dorsopathy, however, it requires a completely different treatment. A latent cancer course, the absence of proper medical examination of the people, incomplete examination, at first glance "easy" patients can lead to serious diagnostic errors, and as a consequence, incorrect treatment, with all the ensuing irreparable to the patient´s health consequences. Such patients at any time may be on the appointments to specialist for vertebra-neurological patients (manual therapists, reflex therapists, osteopaths and others). Both beginners and experienced doctors should always remember this. The authors of this article draw attention to this. This article presents clinical picture and pain syndrome of the most common tumors and distinguishing features of it at the dorsopathies. This information, as well as clinical cases considered in this paper will allow the specialist to sus-pect possible oncological implications of pain in the patient and recommending further examination to avoid serious medical errors.

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