scholarly journals International Entrepreneurship: An Entrepreneurial Behavior Oriented to the Pursuit of International Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Tabares
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
International Entrepreneurship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behavior ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Scholarly Community ◽  
Individual Firm ◽  
Focal Firm ◽  
Multiple Actors

International entrepreneurship (IE) research draws on the notion that internationalization is an entrepreneurial behavior oriented to the discovery, enactment, evaluation, and exploitation of opportunities across national borders to create value and get a competitive advantage. Based on the clear emphasis on opportunity-focused behaviors, IE research has made progress and extended its domain and boundaries to an extent that the mechanisms operating throughout the international opportunity process can be described. The present chapter aims to depict antecedents, mechanisms, and outcomes of this entrepreneurial behavior oriented to the pursuit of international opportunities and it offers directions for future research. As such, the chapter makes four contributions. First, it outlines antecedents at three levels (individual, firm, and environmental) as driving aspects that lead to the international opportunity-related behavior. Second, it reveals the mechanism by which different actors discover, enact, evaluate, and exploit international opportunities. Third, it describes the outcomes of this opportunities process. Fourth, it suggests establishing a conceptual basis around one previously proposed definition incorporating a notion of a social context that would enable IE scholarly community to set the objective criteria around opportunities and go beyond the legal entity of the focal firm and consider multiple actors, resources, processes, history, and context. Finally, the chapter offers some theoretical contributions by proposing directions for future research.

Neformalni obrazovni kontekst i nastava prirode i društva u izmenjenom društvenom kontekstu – metodički pristup i značaj

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milana Pivaš
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Traditional Paradigm ◽  
Informal Context

Equally effective and demanding for all students, the traditional paradigm prevents independent acquisition of knowledge in a changed social context. Students should be able to independently research and analyze natural and social phenomena and processes. The role of the teacher is to create a complete picture, and not to interpret the content knowledge as biological, geographical, or historical. To avoid the passivity of students in the teaching process, it is necessary to choose an informal context and adapt it to the content being learned. In this paper, we have tried to point out the importance of an integrative approach in the non-formal educational context within the content of the subject Science and Social studies. We have presented the practical implication regarding natural and social contents. Lack of resources, time and interest of teachers are cited as obstacles to this way of working. In addition to pointing out the effective application of the informal context in a changed social context, we also provided suggestions for future research to improve teaching practice.

The Social Context and Resources of the Unmarried in Old Age

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat M. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Role Transitions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Life Course

A model of singleness in later life was developed to show how the social context may influence the personal and social resources of older, unmarried persons. The unmarried (especially the divorced) will be an increasing proportion of the aged population in the future, and they will require more services than will the married. Role transitions of the unmarried over the life course, finances, health, and social relationships of older singles are discussed with implications for practice and future research.

scholarly journals Acquisition of Verb Meaning From Syntactic Distribution in Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3S) ◽  
pp. 668-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Horvath ◽  
Elizabeth McDermott ◽  
Kathleen Reilly ◽  
Sudha Arunachalam
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Verb Learning ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Syntactic Frames

Purpose Our goal was to investigate whether preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can begin to learn new word meanings by attending to the linguistic contexts in which they occur, even in the absence of visual or social context. We focused on verbs because of their importance for subsequent language development. Method Thirty-two children with ASD, ages 2;1–4;5 (years;months), participated in a verb-learning task. In a between-subjects design, they were randomly assigned to hear novel verbs in either transitive or intransitive syntactic frames while watching an unrelated silent animation or playing quietly with a toy. In an eye-tracking test, they viewed two video scenes, one depicting a causative event (e.g., boy spinning girl) and the other depicting synchronous events (e.g., boy and girl waving). They were prompted to find the referents of the novel verbs, and their eye gaze was measured. Results Like typically developing children in prior work, children with ASD who had heard the verbs in transitive syntactic frames preferred to look to the causative scene as compared to children who had heard intransitive frames. Conclusions This finding replicates and extends prior work on verb learning in children with ASD by demonstrating that they can attend to a novel verb's syntactic distribution absent relevant visual or social context, and they can use this information to assign the novel verb an appropriate meaning. We discuss points for future research, including examining individual differences that may impact success and contrasting social and nonsocial word-learning tasks directly.

Professional Service Firms and Identity

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Alvesson ◽  
Dan Karreman ◽  
Kate Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Professional Service ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Service Firms ◽  
Professional Service Firms ◽  
Professional Workers ◽  
Elite Identity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multiple Actors

This chapter examines the relationship between individual and organizational identity in PSFs and the significant but tenuous nature of elite identity in this context. The authors identify four main identity-related issues for management control in PSFs: autonomy/conformity tensions, the client conundrum, ambiguity saturation, and intangibility. They explore three main modes of identity-focused control in PSFs: positive image, homogenization of the workforce, and anxiety-regulation. The chapter examines contemporary challenges to elite identities and the increasing critique of concepts of professionalism in this context and highlights key areas for future research on identity in PSFs and among professionals. These include: the need to acknowledge the homogeneity of professional service firms and professional workers; how professionals regulate their identity to respond to identity challenges; the roles that multiple actors play in a professional’s identity construction; and the depth of identity construction with regard to both organizational and professional identity.

Definitional, Parametric, and Procedural Considerations in Timeout Interventions and Research

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Exceptional Students ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge

This article reviews definitional, parametric, and procedural issues which must be considered to optimize the effectiveness of timeout, an intervention frequently used with exceptional students. The conceptual basis of timeout is explained as a meaningful discrepancy between the timein and timeout environments, and five general types of timeout are delineated: (a) isolation timeout, (b) exclusion timeout, (c) contingent observation, (d) removal of reinforcing stimulus conditions, and (e) ignoring the student. The results of parametric and comparative investigations involving these five types of timeout are reviewed. However, a comprehensive knowledge base concerning timeout has yet to be established. Thus, directions for future research and the need for systematic studies are noted. Procedural considerations, including preconditions, contextual variables, concurrent interventions, and evaluation of timeout, are then discussed.

scholarly journals Social geography I: Intersectionality

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 937-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Transnational Migration ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Oppression ◽  
Black Feminists ◽  
Social Geographies

Intersectionality is an approach to research that focuses upon mutually constitutive forms of social oppression rather than on single axes of difference. Intersectionality is not only about multiple identities but is about relationality, social context, power relations, complexity, social justice and inequalities. This report reflects upon the use of intersectionality in social geography and emphasizes the complex histories of intersectionality that are often overlooked in geography. I argue for a greater embrace of the contribution of black feminists and some of the earliest work in geography taking an intersectional perspective. I also argue for intersectionality to be used ethically and with care in geography, rather than it being deployed in a way that unwittingly reproduces a white, colonialist, racist and masculinist discipline. I explore possible avenues for future research about intersectionality in social geographies including a focus upon residential segregation, transnational migration and embodiment.

Advanced perspectives on financialised urban infrastructures

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1477-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Whiteside
Keyword(s):  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Analysis Of Alternatives ◽  
Individual Article ◽  
Operational Phase ◽  
Multiple Actors

This Special Issue attempts to clarify how urban infrastructure is being funded, financed and governed. In this commentary, I seek to engage the topic of the Special Issue as a whole – infrastructure financialisation and its governance – albeit through examples provided by individual article contributions. It is a collection emphasising the tangled interaction between public and private, urging a view of financialisation beyond the binary states vs. markets, and highlighting the multiple actors with multiple agendas at play. The articles provide richly detailed accounts of how the local state remains active, participatory and deeply – if not daily – involved in infrastructure financialisation, even/especially when finance is at its most influential. Not without its limitations, three occlusions in this Special Issue present opportunities for future research, namely the need to: i) extend critical analyses of financialisation; ii) enhance related research on social infrastructure, operational phase processes and treatment of the global South; and iii) advance academic analysis of alternatives to infrastructure financialisation.

An Examination of the Effect of New Venture Ideation Exercises on Entrepreneurial Intentions

2020 ◽  
pp. 251512742095195
Author(s):  
Robert D. Mathews ◽  
Roger Wessel ◽  
Michael Goldsby
Keyword(s):  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behavior ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intent ◽  
The Impact

Entrepreneurship programming has become a popular choice among higher education students. Entrepreneurial intent is regarded as a strong predictor of entrepreneurial behavior and success of entrepreneurial education programs, while ideation is viewed as a key skill needed for successful entrepreneurial behavior. Despite the widespread discussion of entrepreneurial intent in the literature, few studies have reported the actual impact of entrepreneurship education and more specifically, ideation exercises, on intent. The authors contend that ideation is a key skill and thus, barrier to entrepreneurial intentions when students have a lack of efficacy surrounding the ideation process. This study examined the impact of a 150-minute divergent activity training session and new venture ideation exercise on entrepreneurial intent in students enrolled in undergraduate entrepreneurship courses. These measures come together in this study to help further explain how entrepreneurship educators can drive more impactful entrepreneurial behavior in students. In this study, entrepreneurial intent significantly increased in students after the brief 150-minute intervention. This study infers that entrepreneurial self-efficacy of ideation skills are critical to increased entrepreneurial intent in college students, and exercises such as the ones conducted in this study can positively impact entrepreneurial intentions among students. Recommendations for future research and practice are provided.

When Is a Governmental Mandate not a Mandate? Predicting Organizational Compliance Under Semicoercive Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 014920632094857
Author(s):  
Xuanli Xie ◽  
Wei Shen ◽  
Edward J. Zajac
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Independent Directors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Governance Reform ◽  
Corporate Governance Reform ◽  
Organizational Compliance

While institutional theorists have long viewed governmental mandates as a prototypical coercive pressure generating homogeneous organizational compliance, we suggest that such mandates are often subject to enforcement uncertainty, resulting in a pressure more aptly characterized as “semicoercive” and a compliance result more aptly characterized as heterogeneous. We advance and test a theoretical framework to predict the specific form of heterogeneous compliance in semicoercive contexts, with particular attention to the differential sensitivity of firms to pressures to comply, based on differences in their specific legal, political, and social context. We use the setting of a mandated corporate governance reform in China requiring listed Chinese firms to add independent directors and find general evidence of noncompliance and more specific evidence consistent with the predictions from our sociopolitical framework. We discuss the implications of our theoretical approach and findings for future research on institutional environments, governmental regulations, organizational compliance, and corporate governance.

Do Emotions Cause Eating? The Role of Previous Experiences and Social Context in Emotional Eating

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gizem Altheimer ◽  
Heather L. Urry
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Discrete Emotions ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Desire To Eat

Emotional eating is defined as an increase in eating following negative emotion. Self-reported emotional eating has been associated with physical-health concerns. However, experimental studies indicate that negative-mood inductions do not reliably lead to increased eating in healthy eaters, not even among those with a high desire to eat when emotional. We argue that experimental studies will help us understand emotional eating only if they account for the following ideas: (a) Emotional eating may require that people learn to associate emotion with eating, (b) emotional eating may follow only specific discrete emotions, and (c) emotional eating may depend on social context. Each of these points suggests a fruitful direction for future research. Specifically, future studies must acknowledge, identify, and account for variations in the extent to which people have learned to associate emotions with eating; assess or elicit strong discrete emotions; and systematically examine the effect of social context on emotional eating.

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