scholarly journals Sustainability and Determinate of Farmers’ Mitigation Strategies to Greenhouse Gases Emission: A Case in Rice Agric-Food System of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nnaemaka Success Esiobu ◽  
Chinedu Gilbert Onubuogu ◽  
Sylvarlene Munachim Njoku ◽  
Blessing Chidinma Nwachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Food System ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Agric Food

scholarly journals Letter from the Editor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciela B. Raga
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Mitigation Strategies

I have the pleasure to introduce this new issue of Atmósfera which this year, its 33rd since being founded by Dr. Julian Adem, has once again started publishing systematically 8 papers per number. In particular, in this issue we have the great fortune to share editing responsibilities with Dr. Luisa Molina, a well renowned and much celebrated scientist and editor. The papers edited by her relate to issues associated with emissions of greenhouse gases and to methodologies to estimate them in Latin America. These papers provide methods that are very relevant to accurately measure emissions that aid in the estimates of national inventories and provide better tools for designing mitigation strategies.

Climate Change and Livestock Fertility

2022 ◽  
pp. 1256-1277
Author(s):  
Vishakha Shrimali ◽  
Nibedita Naha ◽  
Sukanta Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Oocyte Competence ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Global Threat

Climate change is a global threat to livestock sector to so many species and ecosystem in different parts of the world. Climate change, heat stress, and nutritional stress are the major intriguing factors responsible for reduced fertility in farm animals in tropical countries. Heat and nutritional stresses affect the reproductive performance by decreasing the expression of estrous behavior, altering ovarian follicular development and hormonal profiles, compromising oocyte competence, and inhibiting embryonic development in livestock. Climate is changed by greenhouse gases that released into atmosphere through man-made activities. Livestock contribute 18% of the production of greenhouse gases itself and causes climate change including heat stress, which has direct and indirect impact on fertility of the animals as well as reduce milk production. Adaptation to climate change and lowering its negative effect by alteration of animal micro-environment using different essential technologies are the main mitigation strategies to recover heat stress damage in this respect.

scholarly journals Climate change mitigation beyond agriculture: a review of food system opportunities and implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith T. Niles ◽  
Richie Ahuja ◽  
Todd Barker ◽  
Jimena Esquivel ◽  
Sophie Gutterman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Systems Research

AbstractA large body of research has explored opportunities to mitigate climate change in agricultural systems; however, less research has explored opportunities across the food system. Here we expand the existing research with a review of potential mitigation opportunities across the entire food system, including in pre-production, production, processing, transport, consumption and loss and waste. We detail and synthesize recent research on the topic, and explore the applicability of different climate mitigation strategies in varying country contexts with different economic and agricultural systems. Further, we highlight some potential adaptation co-benefits of food system mitigation strategies and explore the potential implications of such strategies on food systems as a whole. We suggest that a food systems research approach is greatly needed to capture such potential synergies, and highlight key areas of additional research including a greater focus on low- and middle-income countries in particular. We conclude by discussing the policy and finance opportunities needed to advance mitigation strategies in food systems.

Ammonia, carbon dioxide and methane in Mediterranean paddy fields along the 2019 crop season

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carme Estruch ◽  
Roger Curcoll ◽  
Marta Borrós ◽  
Alba Àgueda ◽  
Josep-Anton Morguí
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Atmospheric Variability ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Reactive Gases

<p>Human activities implying land management are potential sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). In addition, agricultural management practices enhances the presence of reactive gases in the atmosphere such as ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>).  Knowing the atmospheric variability of gases in relation to the different stages of the rice culture cycle and other anthropic activities could help to improve GHGs' mitigation strategies in deltas.</p><p>A mobile survey was undertaken through 2019 in the Ebro Delta as a part of the ClimaDat Network project (DEC station, www.climadat.es), to study the effect of land management in the spatial and temporal variability of greenhouse gases and NH<sub>3</sub> concentrations. We are broadening the scope of a survey undertaken in 2012 (Àgueda et al. 2017). In the new survey we increased the total number of transects and longitude every three weeks during a year, starting in December 2018.</p><p>Whereas atmospheric NH<sub>3</sub> concentration links with diurnal and seasonal cycles, the distribution of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> shows a combination of spatial and temporal variability.   Our aim is to understand how we can use wind trajectories to find the principal sources of atmospheric variability. That is, can wind direction improve our comprehension of metabolic processes occurring in paddy lands? In this work, we use wind trajectories as means of spatial classification, to explore the spatiotemporal dynamic affecting the potential of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> atmospheric concentration. </p>

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emissions from livestock and mitigation options in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 328-342
Author(s):  
M. A Adeyemi ◽  
E. O. Akinfala
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Changement Climatique

Greenhouse gases are becoming devastating on agriculture and environment because of its effect on climate and global warming. The aim of this review is to provide update on livestock greenhouse gases emission and rekindle available mitigation strategies. Recently, global warming and climate change have become one of the most discussed issues globally because of their negative effect on ecosystem worldwide. The livestock sub-sector as a major source of greenhouse gas emission, has been identified to contribute substantially to the recent rise in global warming and climate change. Livestock, most importantly ruminants plays a major role in the emission of methane, one of the potent greenhouse gases. This methane is usually released through enteric fermentation in animals and manure management system, though the latter account for smaller quantity. Estimate of methane emission inventory from livestock in Nigeria showed that 96.15 % of methane produced by livestock was by ruminants with cattle alone accounting for 74.06 %. With this background, strategies to date for reducing methane emissions should centre on ruminant. Efforts to reduce methane emissions from enteric fermentation generally focus on options for improving production efficiency. This has been demonstrated with intensive animal production systems. However, in Nigeria, this system has been successful only for non-ruminants while the extensive and semi extensive systems are being practiced for ruminants. In view of this, options for reducing emissions must be selected to be consistent with country-specific circumstances. Those circumstances should include animal management practices (including cultural traditions), nutrition and economic development priorities.     Les gaz à effet de serre deviennent dévastateurs de l'agriculture et de l'environnement en raison de son effet sur le climat et le réchauffement de la planète. L'objectif de cet examen est de fournir une mise à jour sur les stratégies d'atténuation disponibles des gaz à effet de serre de bétail. Récemment, le réchauffement climatique et le changement climatique sont devenus l'une des questions les plus discutées à l'échelle mondiale en raison de leur effet négatif sur l'écosystème mondial. Le sous-secteur de l'élevage en tant que source majeure d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre, a été identifié pour contribuer de manière substantielle à la hausse récente du réchauffement de la planète et du changement climatique. Le bétail, plus important encore, les ruminants jouent un rôle majeur dans l'émission de méthane, l'un des gaz à effet de serre puissants. Ce méthane est généralement libéré par la fermentation entérique chez les animaux et le système de gestion de fumier, bien que ces derniers représentent une plus petite quantité. L'estimation des stocks d'émissions de méthane provenant du bétail au Nigéria a montré que 96,15% de méthane produites par le bétail étaient par des ruminants avec des bovins à eux-mêmes représentant 74,06%. Avec ce contexte, des stratégies à ce jour pour réduire les émissions de méthane doivent être centrées sur le ruminant. Les efforts visant à réduire les émissions de méthane de la fermentation entérique se concentrent généralement sur les options d'amélioration de l'efficacité de la production. Cela a été démontré avec des systèmes de production d'animaux intensifs. Cependant, au Nigéria, ce système n'a abouti que pour les non-ruminants tandis que les systèmes étendus et semi-étendus sont pratiqués pour les ruminants. Compte tenu de cela, les options de réduction des émissions doivent être sélectionnées pour être cohérentes avec des circonstances spécifiques à chaque pays. Ces circonstances devraient inclure des pratiques de gestion des animaux (y compris des traditions culturelles), des priorités de nutrition et de développement économique

scholarly journals Uncertainties in the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) emission inventory of greenhouse gases

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 5655-5683
Author(s):  
Efisio Solazzo ◽  
Monica Crippa ◽  
Diego Guizzardi ◽  
Marilena Muntean ◽  
Margarita Choulga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Log Normal

Abstract. The Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) estimates the human-induced emission rates on Earth. EDGAR collaborates with atmospheric modelling activities and aids policy in the design of mitigation strategies and in evaluating their effectiveness. In these applications, the uncertainty estimate is an essential component, as it quantifies the accuracy and qualifies the level of confidence in the emission. This study complements the EDGAR emissions inventory by providing an estimation of the structural uncertainty stemming from its base components (activity data, AD, statistics and emission factors, EFs) by (i) associating uncertainty to each AD and EF characterizing the emissions of the three main greenhouse gases (GHGs), namely carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O); (ii) combining them; and (iii) making assumptions regarding the cross-country uncertainty aggregation of source categories. It was deemed a natural choice to obtain the uncertainties in EFs and AD statistics from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines issued in 2006 (with a few exceptions), as the EF and AD sources and methodological aspects used by EDGAR have been built over the years based on the IPCC recommendations, which assured consistency in time and comparability across countries. On the one hand, the homogeneity of the method is one of the key strengths of EDGAR, on the other hand, it facilitates the propagation of uncertainties when similar emission sources are aggregated. For this reason, this study aims primarily at addressing the aggregation of uncertainties' sectorial emissions across GHGs and countries. Globally, we find that the anthropogenic emissions covered by EDGAR for the combined three main GHGs for the year 2015 are accurate within an interval of −15 % to +20 % (defining the 95 % confidence of a log-normal distribution). The most uncertain emissions are those related to N2O from waste and agriculture, while CO2 emissions, although responsible for 74 % of the total GHG emissions, account for approximately 11 % of global uncertainty share. The sensitivity to methodological choices is also discussed.

Analysis of the transport of imported food in Spain and its contribution to global warming

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pérez Neira ◽  
Xavier Simón Fernández ◽  
Damián Copena Rodríguez ◽  
Marta Soler Montiel ◽  
Manuel Delgado Cabeza
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
Food Miles ◽  
Agric Food ◽  
Imported Food ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Food Imports

AbstractThrough the process of globalization, food has experienced an intense territorial restructuring process. Local agric-food links have weakened at the same time as daily products arrived from distant lands. There is presently a wide international debate on the importance of transport in the configuration of the agric-food system and its contribution in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG). The direct environmental costs of the transport of imported food, that is the ‘external food miles’, have been estimated in kilometer (km), ton (t), ton-kilometer (t-km) and GHG in Spain between 1995 and 2011. The analysis is made by ten food groups including 136 products, with special attention to the most important ones (cereals and animal feed), as well as by means of transport (air, rail, road and water) and from 113 different countries belonging to six geographical areas. Two phases are identified during this period: an expansive phase (1995–2007), in which the t-km of imported food increased from 81.8 to 147.8 million t-km and environmental pressure rose from 3.1 to 5.4 million CO2-eq t, and a recession phase (2007–2011), in which environmental pressure subsided as a consequence of the reduction of imports, even though it still remained above the 1995 level. The article reveals a clear interrelation between amounts, distances and modal distribution when it comes to determining the environmental cost of transporting food imports in the two periods studied. It also reflects on the role of the external food miles in the Spanish agri-food system from a sustainability perspective.

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