scholarly journals Radio Systems and Computing at the Edge for IoT Sensor Nodes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Performance Limits ◽  
Wireless Sensor Nodes ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
High Data ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Radio Systems ◽  
Rate Limit

Many Internet of Things (IoT) applications use wireless links to communicate data back. Wireless system performance limits data rates. This data rate limit is what ultimately drives the location of computing resources—on the edge or in the cloud. To understand the limits of performance, it is instructive to look at the evolution of cellular and other radio systems. The emphasis will be on the RF front-end architectures and requirements as well as the modulation schemes used. Wireless sensor nodes will often need to run off batteries and be low-cost, and this will constrain the choice of wireless communications system. Generally cheap and power efficient radio front ends will not support high data rates which will mean that more computing will need to move to the edge. We will look at some examples to understand the choice of radio system for communication. We will also consider the use of radio in the sensor itself with a radar sensor system.

Processing Panorama Video in Real-time

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 209-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkon Kvale Stensland ◽  
Vamsidhar Reddy Gaddam ◽  
Marius Tennøe ◽  
Espen Helgedagsrud ◽  
Mikkel Næss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Graphics Processing Units ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
High Data ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Camera Arrays ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Performance Results

There are many scenarios where high resolution, wide field of view video is useful. Such panorama video may be generated using camera arrays where the feeds from multiple cameras pointing at different parts of the captured area are stitched together. However, processing the different steps of a panorama video pipeline in real-time is challenging due to the high data rates and the stringent timeliness requirements. In our research, we use panorama video in a sport analysis system called Bagadus. This system is deployed at Alfheim stadium in Tromsø, and due to live usage, the video events must be generated in real-time. In this paper, we describe our real-time panorama system built using a low-cost CCD HD video camera array. We describe how we have implemented different components and evaluated alternatives. The performance results from experiments ran on commodity hardware with and without co-processors like graphics processing units (GPUs) show that the entire pipeline is able to run in real-time.

Secure and Reliable Knowledge-Based Intrusion Detection Using Mobile Base Stations in Smart Environments

2021 ◽  
pp. 500-513
Author(s):  
Ambika N.
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Mobile Agent ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Wireless Sensor Nodes ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Malicious Activity ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Reliable Knowledge

Wireless sensor nodes are low cost tiny devices deployed in unsupervised environment. These devices require some kind of security mechanism to tackle different kinds of attacks. Intrusion detection is one such methodology used where the malicious activity is observed, and the target is isolated. Many authors have suggested different methodologies which are detailed in the work. The article also uses intrusion detection scheme to provide reliable network. A mobile agent and an assistance node aids in increasing security and efficiency of the work. The illegitimacy of the node is inferred using the data provided by the assistance and mobile agent. The work minimizes 12.9% of energy consumption, increases security by 3.025%, and increases reliability by 7.07% compared to the previous work.

scholarly journals Cellular Network Infrastructure: The Future of Fog Monitoring?

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 1687-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam David ◽  
Omry Sendik ◽  
Hagit Messer ◽  
Pinhas Alpert
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Theoretical Simulation ◽  
High Data ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Current Monitoring ◽  
Commercial Microwave Links

Abstract Severe visibility limitations resulting from fog may lead to acute transportation accidents and high losses of property and lives. Thus, reliable monitoring facilities are of extreme importance. Nevertheless, current monitoring instruments suffer from low spatial resolution, high costs, or lack of precision at near-surface levels. It has, however, recently been shown that the commercial microwave links that form the infrastructure of cellular communication networks can provide crucial information regarding the appearance of dense fog and its intensity. Typical microwave systems currently in operation make use of frequencies between 6 and 40 GHz and, thus, can only monitor heavy fog. However, there is a growing demand for high data rates and expanded bandwidth in modern mobile radio networks. As a result, higher frequencies (e.g., around 80 GHz) are being implemented in order to fulfill these increased requirements. Notably, the attenuation induced as a result of fog at a given intensity increases as operating frequency rises, allowing, for the first time, the possibility of using this system to monitor typical fog intensities, at high resolution and low cost. Here, a theoretical simulation is presented in which simulated fog patches are introduced into an area where a network of links is deployed. Two-dimensional maps are generated utilizing the simulated microwave network to represent sensitivity thresholds for fog detection at three different frequencies: 20, 38, and 80 GHz. Real-data measurements of fog are also demonstrated using 38-GHz band links. The results indicate the vast future potential of commercial microwave links as an opportunistic system for monitoring fog.

A Review on Radio-Over-Fiber Technology-Based Integrated (Optical/Wireless) Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivika Rajpal ◽  
Rakesh Goyal
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Radio Over Fiber ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Radio System ◽  
High Data ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Fiber Technology ◽  
Voice Data

AbstractIn the present paper, radio-over-fiber (RoF) technology has been proposed, which is the integration of the optical and radio networks. With a high transmission capacity, comparatively low cost and low attenuation, optical fiber provides an ideal solution for accomplishing the interconnections. In addition, a radio system enables the significant mobility, flexibility and easy access. Therefore, the system integration can meet the increasing demands of subscribers for voice, data and multimedia services that require the access network to support high data rates at any time and any place inexpensively. RoF has the potentiality to the backbone of the wireless access network and it has gained significant momentum in the last decade as a potential last-mile access scheme. This paper gives the comprehensive review of RoF technology used in the communication system. Concept, applications, advantages and limitations of RoF technology are also discussed in this paper.

NB-IoT for 5G

2021 ◽  
pp. 352-372
Author(s):  
Laxmi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
High Data ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
New Applications

It is expected that internet of things (IoT) will deal with the major activities in the connected living environment as well as the industrial processes. All these aspects are going to be real in the frameworks of the fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks. 5G-based narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) networks have the capability to serve various innovative IoT applications at a great extent. NB-IoT is third generation partnership project (3GPP) standardized low power wide area (LPWA) technology which is designed for IoT devices requiring long battery life, low cost, worldwide coverage, and high system capacity. To improve the performance, 3GPP has agreed that the NB-IoT will continue evolving as part of the 5G specifications. NB-IoT along with 5G will work in several connected living applications. This combination will also be very useful in the industrial environments which need high data rates and low latency. All these features will be supported by 5G in the future. Similarly, applications with low data rates in the IoT world will be supported by NB-IoT. So 5G and NB-IoT are going to be a popular combination for several new applications.

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