Plant Phenology and An Assessment of the Effects Regarding Heavy Metals, Nanoparticles, and Nanotubes on Plant Development: Runner Bean, Artichoke, and Chickpea Seedlings

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals and As in maize (Zea mays L) grown close to mine tailings strongly impacts plant development

10.21203/rs.3.rs-827219/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

ESTHER AURORA RUIZ HUERTA ◽

Maria Aurora Armienta Hernández ◽

Joseph G. Dubrovsky ◽

Juan Miguel Gómez Bernal

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Zea Mays ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Development ◽

Mine Tailings ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Potentially Toxic Metals ◽

Microscopic Studies ◽

Mining Residues

Abstract Potentially toxic metals and metalloids present in mining residues can affect ecosystems, particularly plant growth and development. In this study we evaluated As and heavy metal (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) contents in maize (Zea mays L) plants grown in soils collected near (40 m), at intermediate (400 m) and remote (3000 m) distances from mine tailings near Taxco City, Mexico. Soils sampled near and at intermediate sites from the tailings contained high levels of heavy metals which were 3- to 55-fold higher compared to the control samples. The heavy metal and As content in plants reflected the soil contamination being the greatest for most studied elements in root samples followed by stems, leaves, and kernels. Though plants were capable of completing their life cycle and producing the seeds, high bioaccumulation levels had a strong impact on plant development. Abnormalities in the organs like malformations in reproductive structures (tassel and ear), reduction in the phytomer number and the plant height were present. Microscopic studies and morphometric analyses suggest that strongly affected plant growth result from negative and synergistic action of heavy metals and As in soils on cell growth and cell production. This study showed that maize grown near mine tailings accumulates high levels of heavy metals and As which decrease significantly plant yield and could be dangerous if consumed by animals and humans.

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INFLUENCE OF HEAVY METALS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORN VARIETIEShttps://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1483.28

REPORTS ◽

10.32014/2021.2518-1483.28 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (336) ◽

pp. 39-45

Author(s):

A. M. Digarbaeva ◽

A. N. Kaliyeva ◽

E. A. Kirshibayev ◽

M. R. Bahtybaeva

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Plant Development ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Plant Root ◽

Practical Interest ◽

Actual Weight ◽

Biochemical Processes ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

The Impact ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Heavy metals are some of the most harmful chemicals in the environment today. Today, many scientists believe that the main factor that negatively affects the plant in saline conditions is the osmotic effect of salts. In conditions of soil salinity, the lack of plants causes dehydration of proteins, which negatively affects the physiological and biochemical processes of plants. Plants absorb heavy metals in different ways. It absorbs heavy metals from the soil through the roots and from the air through the stomata of the leaves, mainly through dust. The aim of the research is to study the influence of heavy metals on the physiological and biochemical processes of growth and development of maize varieties. The article presents the research results of the heavy metals influence on the elongation of seedlings and the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments during the germination of maize varieties. It is obvious that heavy metals affect the growth and plant development from the initial germination stage of corn kernels. The results of monitoring various effects of heavy metals on photosynthetic pigments are also presented. In addition, the length of the above- water and underground parts of the biomass, the ratio of dry weight to actual weight is the heavy metals effect on plants. For example, the leaves turned dark green, the stems twisted, did not fully open and turned pink. Under the influence of heavy metals, plant development, metabolism and photosynthesis are disrupted, as well as the normal course of respiration and photosynthesis. According to the results obtained, the impact of heavy metals on maize varieties significantly inhibits the accumulation and growth of biomass. In particular, the processes of plant root growth are suppressed. Differences in the tolerance of different varieties of heavy metals can be explained by their varietal characteristics and genetic basis. Currently, there is a theoretical and practical interest in the identification of ion-resistant forms of heavy metals, their ability to detect and reveal their nature, the development of ways to increase the impact and resistance of heavy metals on plants. Formulating the results of the study, it was found that different heavy metals concentrations (CuSO4 and CdSO4) negatively affect the growth of corn varieties. This can be seen from the tables below (tables 1, 2, 3, 4).

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The Effect of Streptomyces sp. Isolated from Acidic Cultures of Minerals on Plant Development in Environments Polluted with Mercury

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.598 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1130 ◽

pp. 598-601

Author(s):

Sara Liz Pacheco ◽

Patricia Sheen ◽

Jasminc Hurtado

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Medicago Sativa ◽

Plant Development ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Root Length ◽

Streptomyces Sp ◽

Ph Tolerance ◽

Number Of Leaves

Three isolates ofStreptomyces variabilis(AB5, F and K1A) and one isolate ofStreptomyces sp.(C2) were isolated of acidic cultures from mineral ores and concentrates from mines of the Peruvian highlands. The isolates were identified molecular and phenotypically and characterized by growth at different conditions as pH tolerance, temperature, and sodium chloride and heavy metals resistance.Streptomyces sp. (C2) was able to grow until 200 ppm of mercury andS. variabilis(AB5) grows in the presence of 100 ppm of mercury. The isolates AB5 and K1A ofS. variabiliswere able to grow only until 50 ppm of mercury.All strains were tested by their ability to induce germination ofLactuca sativa,Medicago sativaandPhaseolus vulgarisseeds exposed to different mercury concentrations. It was shown a significative improvement inL.sativaandP. vulgaris. InL. sativaexposed to 50 ppm of mercury, all strains were able to improve germination, root length and number of leaves. Without Streptomyces addition, they only growth until 10 ppm of mercury.Streptomyces sp.isolatehad better results in germination, root length and number of leaves ofL. sativa.The results found in this work indicate the potential of these isolates for restoration of soils polluted with mercury.

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Negative Effect Of Harmful Chemical Waste On Plant Development

The American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research ◽

10.37547/tajiir/volume03issue03-08 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 03 (03) ◽

pp. 50-54

Author(s):

Riskulov Kh.A. ◽

◽

Adilov T.T. ◽

Uzokova Z.R. ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Plant Development ◽

Biologically Active ◽

High Concentration ◽

Biochemical Reactions ◽

Chemical Waste ◽

Toxic Gases ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Harmful Substances ◽

Excessive Accumulation

At a high concentration of toxic gases in the air, the processes of photosynthesis stop immediately or after a few minutes. Excessive accumulation of heavy metals from the air and soil on the leaves and the retention of dust on the surface of the leaves sharply reduces the absorption of CO2 by plants, treatment with biologically active compounds accelerates biochemical reactions in plants, eliminating harmful substances.

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Sampling and analysis of the air-water interface with SEM and EDS of microlayers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100157000 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 1004-1005

Author(s):

Randall W. Smith ◽

John Dash

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Surface Microlayer ◽

Surface Films ◽

Water Interface ◽

Physical Processes ◽

Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis ◽

Eds Analysis ◽

Air Water Interface ◽

Significant Area ◽

Bulk Chemical

The structure of the air-water interface forms a boundary layer that involves biological ,chemical geological and physical processes in its formation. Freshwater and sea surface microlayers form at the air-water interface and include a diverse assemblage of organic matter, detritus, microorganisms, plankton and heavy metals. The sampling of microlayers and the examination of components is presently a significant area of study because of the input of anthropogenic materials and their accumulation at the air-water interface. The neustonic organisms present in this environment may be sensitive to the toxic components of these inputs. Hardy reports that over 20 different methods have been developed for sampling of microlayers, primarily for bulk chemical analysis. We report here the examination of microlayer films for the documentation of structure and composition.Baier and Gucinski reported the use of Langmuir-Blogett films obtained on germanium prisms for infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR-ATR) of components. The sampling of microlayers has been done by collecting fi1ms on glass plates and teflon drums, We found that microlayers could be collected on 11 mm glass cover slips by pulling a Langmuir-Blogett film from a surface microlayer. Comparative collections were made on methylcel1ulose filter pads. The films could be air-dried or preserved in Lugol's Iodine Several slicks or surface films were sampled in September, 1987 in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland and in August, 1988 in Sequim Bay, Washington, For glass coverslips the films were air-dried, mounted on SEM pegs, ringed with colloidal silver, and sputter coated with Au-Pd, The Langmuir-Blogett film technique maintained the structure of the microlayer intact for examination, SEM observation and EDS analysis were then used to determine organisms and relative concentrations of heavy metals, using a Link AN 10000 EDS system with an ISI SS40 SEM unit. Typical heavy microlayer films are shown in Figure 3.

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