scholarly journals Dark Matter as Cold Atomic Hydrogen in Its Lower Ground State

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Terry Tatum
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Terry Tatum

The novel ‘Cold Hydrogen Dark Matter’ (CHDM) theory is summarized in this chapter. Special attention is paid to the fact that current technology prevents us from directly observing extremely cold ground state atomic hydrogen when it is of sufficiently low density in deep space locations. A number of very recent observations in support of this theory are summarized, including cosmic dawn constraints on dark matter. The importance of the Wouthuysen-Field effect as a probable mechanism for CMB decoupling of hydrogen at cosmic dawn is also stressed. This mechanism does not require a non-baryonic dark matter intermediary. Several predictions for this theory are made for the coming decade of observations and simulations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Eiger ◽  
Michael Geller

Abstract We study a new dark sector signature for an atomic process of “rearrangement” in the galaxy. In this process, a hydrogen-like atomic dark matter state together with its anti-particle can rearrange to form a highly-excited bound state. This bound state will then de-excite into the ground state emitting a large number of dark photons that can be measured in experiments on Earth through their kinetic mixing with the photon. We find that for DM masses in the GeV range, the dark photons have enough energy to pass the thresholds of neutrino observatories such as Borexino and Super-Kamiokande that can probe for our scenario even when our atomic states constitute a small fraction of the total DM abundance. We study the corresponding bounds on the parameters of our model from current data as well as the prospects for future detectors.


2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (26) ◽  
pp. 2050227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennady P. Berman ◽  
Vyacheslav N. Gorshkov ◽  
Vladimir I. Tsifrinovich ◽  
Marco Merkli ◽  
Vladimir V. Tereshchuk

We consider a two-component dark matter halo (DMH) of a galaxy containing ultra-light axions (ULA) of different mass. The DMH is described as a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) in its ground state. In the mean-field (MF) limit, we have derived the integro-differential equations for the spherically symmetrical wave functions of the two DMH components. We studied, numerically, the radial distribution of the mass density of ULA and constructed the parameters which could be used to distinguish between the two- and one-component DMH. We also discuss an interesting connection between the BEC ground state of a one-component DMH and Black Hole temperature and entropy, and Unruh temperature.


An analysis is made of ten interstellar lines in the vacuum ultraviolet spectrum of 8 Sco. The data were taken from a rocket spectrogram with wavelength coverage extending from 1177 to 1717 A with a resolution of approximately 0.15 A. Column densities of C°, C+, N°, 0°, A1+, Si+ and Fe+ are derived, from which abundances relative to atomic hydrogen are determined. Compared to corresponding solar abundances, silicon and iron are slightly overabundant whereas the remaining species are underabundant by factors of 1.8 to 8.6. It is shown that the relative Fe abundance may be made significantly less than the solar value by arbitrarily increasing the velocity dispersion of the Fe+ ions by a factor of 2. The relative populations of the carbon atoms ground state fine structure levels combined with two possible mean cloud temperatures of 47 and 76 K determined from the interstellar H 2 spectrum yield a mean cloud density of 250 and 150 cm-3 respectively. Using the appropriate column densities of neutral and singly ionized carbon atoms, the average ratio of the electron density at the hydrogen atom density for each temperature is found to be 2.1 x 10-4 and 4.8 x 10~2 *4 respectively.


Atoms ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Oks

In one of our previous papers, it was shown that for the ground state of hydrogenic atoms/ions, it is possible to match the interior (inside the nucleus) solution of the Dirac equation with the singular exterior solution of the Dirac equation, so that the singular solution should not be rejected for the ground state of hydrogenic atoms/ions. In that paper, there was presented also the first experimental proof of the existence of this Alternative Kind of Hydrogen Atoms (AKHA)—by showing that the presence of the AKHA solves a long-standing mystery of the huge discrepancy between the experimental and previous theoretical results concerning the high-energy tail of the linear momentum distribution in the ground state of hydrogen atoms. In another paper, we showed that for hydrogen atoms, the singular solution of the Dirac equation outside the proton is legitimate not just for the ground state 12S1/2, but also for the states 22S1/2, 32S1/2 and so on: it is legitimate for all the discrete states n2S1/2. Moreover, the singular exterior solution is legitimate also for the l = 0 states of the continuous spectrum. In that paper, we demonstrated that the AKHA can be the basis for explaining the recent puzzling astrophysical observational results concerning the redshifted radio line 21 cm from the early Universe. Thus, there seems to be the astrophysical evidence of the existence of the AKHA—in addition to the already available observational proof of their existence from atomic experiments. In the present paper, we point out that the AKHA provide an alternative view on dark matter—without resorting to new subatomic particles or dramatically changing the existing physical laws. This is because due to the selection rules, the AKHA do not have state that can be coupled by the electric dipole radiation. We also reformulate the above theoretical results in terms that hydrogen atoms can have two flavors: one flavor corresponding to the regular solution outside the proton, another—to the singular solution outside the proton, both solutions corresponding to the same energy. Since this means the additional degeneracy, then according to the fundamental theorem of quantum mechanics, there should be an additional conserved quantity, which we call isohydrogen spin (isohyspin). Further atomic experiments for accurately measuring the high-energy tail of the linear momentum distribution in the ground state of hydrogen atoms, as well as further observational studies of the redshifted 21 cm radio line from the early Universe, could provide a further proof that dark matter or a part of it is the AKHA.


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