scholarly journals Electrical Conductivity of Molten Salts and Ionic Conduction in Electrolyte Solutions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Tamaki ◽  
Shigeki Matsunaga ◽  
Masanobu Kusakabe
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Ionic Conduction ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions

Electrical Conductivity and Structural Studies on the Binary System BiI3-Ag2SO4

2012 ◽  
Vol 584 ◽  
pp. 521-525
Author(s):  
S. Austin Suthanthiraraj ◽  
Ayesha Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Ionic Conduction ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Complex Impedance ◽  
Present System ◽  
Rapid Melt Quenching ◽  
Ionic Nature ◽  
Electrochemical Devices ◽  
Silver Sulphate

A new solid-state pseudo binary system BiI3_-Ag2SO4 involving bismuth triiodide (BiI3) and a silver oxysalt namely silver sulphate (Ag2SO4) has been prepared using rapid melt-quenching technique. AC conductivity studies have been carried out on the nine different samples of the (BiI3)x –- (Ag2SO4)(1-x) system with compositions corresponding to x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8 and 0.9 mole fraction at temperatures ranging from room temperature (298 K) to 433K. The bulk resistance values estimated using complex impedance plots indicated that electrical conductivity of the synthesized solid specimens would vary from 2.9 x10-2 to 3.4 x10-6Scm-1 thus suggesting the present system to be ionic in nature. The extent of ionic conduction due to Ag + cation has also been analyzed using Wagner’s dc polarization technique whereas detailed structural characteristics of the various compositions derived from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and features of surface morphology of these samples obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have further supported the ionic nature of the chosen system and suggested possible application as a solid electrolyte in electrochemical devices.

A theoretical extension for the electrical conductivity of molten salts

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanobu Kusakabe ◽  
Shigeharu Takeno ◽  
Takahiro Koishi ◽  
Shigeki Matsunaga ◽  
Shigeru Tamaki
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Molten Salts

Dehydration and decomposition of pyrophyllite at high pressures: electrical conductivity and X-ray diffraction studies to 5 GPa

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara L. Hicks ◽  
Richard A. Secco
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
South African ◽  
Pressure Dependence ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Ionic Conduction ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Dependence Of Conductivity

The dehydration and decomposition of South African pyrophyllite were studied in the pressure range 2.5–5.0 GPa and in the temperature (T) range 295–1473 K using both in situ electrical conductivity measurements and X-ray diffraction studies on the recovered samples. Activation energies for conduction (Qc) vary in the range 0.02–0.07 eV for T ≤ 500 K where the dominant conduction mode is electronic, and Qc is in the range 1.10–1.28 eV for T ≥ 500 K where ionic conduction dominates. Abrupt changes in the isobaric temperature dependence of conductivity mark the onset of dehydration and subsequent decomposition into kyanite plus quartz–coesite. At 2.5 GPa, South African pyrophyllite forms the dehydroxylate phase at 760 K with a pressure dependence of ~30 K/GPa and complete decomposition follows at 1080 K with a pressure dependence of ~41 K/GPa. The resulting pressure–temperature phase diagram is in very good agreement with many previous studies at 1 atm (101.325 kPa).

On the Sol-Gel Synthesis and Structure, Electronic and Ionic Conductivities and Impedance Behavior of Y, Fe Co-Doped SrTiO3 Mixed Conductor

2018 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 774-781
Author(s):  
Ke Shan ◽  
Feng Rui Zhai ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
Zhong Zhou Yi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Ionic Conduction ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Ionic Conductivities ◽  
Wide Frequency Range ◽  
Mixed Conductor ◽  
Doping Amount ◽  
Impedance Characteristics ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

A single phase perovskite, YxSr1−xTi0.6Fe0.4O3-δ(x=0.06-0.09), was fabricated at 1350°C in air by sol-gel method. The effects of Y-and Fe-doping into SrTiO3on phase structure, electrical conductivity, ionic conductivity and its impedance behavior were investigated. The optimized Y0.07Sr0.93Fe0.4Ti0.6O3-δsample exhibits an electrical conductivity of 0.135 S·cm-1at 800 °C. Y-doping decreases the migration energy for oxygen ions, leading to a significant increase in ionic conductivity. The ionic conductivity of Y0.09Sr0.91Ti0.6Fe0.4O3-δsample varies from 0.0052 S· cm-1at 600°C to 0.02 S·cm-1at 800°C. Impedance characteristics over a wide frequency range of 0.01Hz-100 KHz reveal that the resistance of ionic conduction is predominantly influenced by grain boundary, the relaxation time of which decreases with increase of Y-doping amount.

scholarly journals Electrical Conductivity and Viscosity in Binary Organic Liquid Mixtures: Participation of Molecular Interactions and Nanodomains

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Spencer E. Taylor ◽  
Huang Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Ionic Conduction ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Self Association

The present work aims to shed light on recent literature reports suggesting that ionic species are implicated in the electrical conductivity of 1-octanol and its mixtures with hydrocarbons. Other workers have questioned this interpretation, and herein, based on new experimentation and with reference to various literature studies, we consider that molecular interactions are more likely to be responsible. To investigate this, we have studied mixtures of 1-octanol and either silicone oil (SO) or n-dodecane as nonpolar components, using dielectric (in particular electrical conductivity) and viscometric measurements. With reference to the literature, the self-association of alcohols is known to create microheterogeneity in the neat liquids and in mixtures with nonpolar, low dielectric constant liquids, and it has previously been considered to be responsible for the particular solvent properties of alcohols. The present results suggest that the electrical conductivity of alkane/alcohol systems may have similar origins, with percolating pathways formed from octanol-rich nanodomains comprising polar regions containing hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups and nonpolar regions dominated by alkyl chains. The percolation threshold found for dodecane/octanol mixtures, in which interactions between the component molecules are found from viscosity measurements to be repulsive, agrees well with results from experimental and theoretical studies of disordered arrangements of packed spheres, and moreover, it is consistent with other published alkane/alcohol results. On the other hand, the situation is more complex for SO/octanol mixtures, in which interactions between the two components are attractive, based on viscosity data, and in which the phase separation of SO occurs at high octanol concentrations. Overall, we have concluded that electrical conductivity in octanol (and potentially all liquid alcohols) and its mixtures with nonpolar molecules, such as alkanes, is consistent with the presence of conducting networks comprising octanol-rich nanodomains formed by self-association, and not as a result of ionic conduction.

scholarly journals Fast Diffusion of Iron in Single Crystal Rutile and Iron Doped Rutile

1983 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sasaki ◽  
N. L. Peterson ◽  
L. C. De Jonghe
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Pressure Dependence ◽  
Ionic Conduction ◽  
Complex Impedance ◽  
Fast Diffusion ◽  
Iron Ions ◽  
Impedance Measurements ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Shear Structure

ABSTRACTTracer diffusion coefficients of Fe, DFe* in single crystals of rutile and of 0 –2.0% Fe doped rutile were measured. The oxygen pressure dependence of DFe* in pure rutile showed complicated behavior. The values of DFe* may consist of contributions from Fe2+ ions diffusing by an interstitial mechanism and from Fe3+ ions diffusing by an interstitialcy mechanism in cooperation with tetravalent titanium interstitial ions, Tii. The value of DFe* in Fe doped rutile attains a saturation value when the Fe content reaches about 0.1%, D*Fe decreases drastically when the Fe content exceeds about 0.35%. Complex impedance measurements of electrical conductivity indicate the existence of ionic conduction for Fe doped rutile containing less than 0.35% of Fe. The small ionic conductivity relative to the values of D*Fe suggests that only a small fraction of the iron ions are highly mobile. Above 0.35% Fe, the observed drastic decrease in D*Fe may result from the formation of a shear structure In highly doped rutile.

scholarly journals Effect of chemical composition on the electrical conductivity of gneiss at high temperatures and pressures

Solid Earth ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidong Dai ◽  
Wenqing Sun ◽  
Heping Li ◽  
Haiying Hu ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Temperature Region ◽  
Ionic Conduction ◽  
Complex Impedance ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Spectroscopic Technique ◽  
Ultrahigh Pressure ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Metamorphic Belt ◽  
Lower Temperature

Abstract. The electrical conductivity of gneiss samples with different chemical compositions (WA = Na2O + K2O + CaO  =  7.12, 7.27 and 7.64 % weight percent) was measured using a complex impedance spectroscopic technique at 623–1073 K and 1.5 GPa and a frequency range of 10−1 to 106 Hz. Simultaneously, a pressure effect on the electrical conductivity was also determined for the WA = 7.12 % gneiss. The results indicated that the gneiss conductivities markedly increase with total alkali and calcium ion content. The sample conductivity and temperature conform to an Arrhenius relationship within a certain temperature range. The influence of pressure on gneiss conductivity is weaker than temperature, although conductivity still increases with pressure. According to various ranges of activation enthalpy (0.35–0.52 and 0.76–0.87 eV) at 1.5 GPa, two main conduction mechanisms are suggested that dominate the electrical conductivity of gneiss: impurity conduction in the lower-temperature region and ionic conduction (charge carriers are K+, Na+ and Ca2+) in the higher-temperature region. The electrical conductivity of gneiss with various chemical compositions cannot be used to interpret the high conductivity anomalies in the Dabie–Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt. However, the conductivity–depth profiles for gneiss may provide an important constraint on the interpretation of field magnetotelluric conductivity results in the regional metamorphic belt.

MOLTEN SALTS ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY IN THE SYSTEM SILVER CHLORIDE – SILVER NITRATE

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Spooner ◽  
F. E. W. Wetmore
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Simple Equation ◽  
Arrhenius Activation Energy ◽  
Density Data ◽  
Structural Forces

Conductivity and density data have been obtained for the system silver chloride – silver nitrate. The Arrhenius activation energy for electrical migration in molten silver chloride is constant at 1280 cal. mole−1 from 460 to 530 °C.; for silver nitrate there is a variation from 3300 cal. mole−1 at 220 ° to 2700 at 320 °C., which indicates a diminution of structural forces in molten silver nitrate with increase in temperature. The activation energy for binary melts of the two salts at 320 °C. is constant at 2700 cal. mole−1 from 0 to 20 mole % silver chloride; Frenkel's simple equation for the dependence of the activation energy on composition is not supported by this work.

Measuring Electrical Conductivity of Al-Sc Alloy by Application of Continuously Varying Cell Constant Technique

2012 ◽  
Vol 531-532 ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Guo ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Wen Xi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Lithium Fluoride ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Cell Constant ◽  
Electrical Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Main Influence

The electrical conductivity of the molten salts of Na3AlF6-LiF-Sc2O3 system with different compositions was measured at different temperatures by the continuously varying cell constant technique. The main influence factors on electrical conductivity were analyzed. Experiment results showed that the technique of the electrical conductivity measurement is accurate and reliable and the result’s relative error is just 0.67% in comparison with those in relevant literature. With temperature rising, electrolyte conductivity increases at a rate of about 0.03S/cm for 1°C. And we also found that the conductivity increases slightly with the addition of lithium fluoride and adding scandium oxide makes the conductivity decrease slightly and more addition doesn’t cause significant effect. It was proved that the technique can measure accurately the electrical conductivity of aluminium electrolyte and other high-temperature molten salts.

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