scholarly journals Global DNA Methylation as a Potential Underlying Mechanism of Congenital Disease Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Stanković
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Congenital Disease

Global DNA Methylation is influenced by smoking behavior

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
MAN Muschler ◽  
T Hillemacher ◽  
H Frieling ◽  
S Moskau ◽  
A Semmler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Global Dna Methylation

Epigenetic modifications in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: From cellular mechanisms to therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezzatollah Fathi ◽  
Raheleh Farahzadi ◽  
Soheila Montazersaheb ◽  
Yasin Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Histone Modification ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Methylation Pattern ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Novel Treatments

Background:: Epigenetic modification pattern is considered as a characteristic feature in blood malignancies. Modifications in the DNA methylation modulators are recurrent in lymphoma and leukemia, so that, the distinct methylation pattern defines different types of leukemia. Generally, the role of epigenetics is less understood and most investigations are focused on genetic abnormalities and cytogenic studies to develop novel treatments for patients with hematologic disorders. Recently, understanding the underlying mechanism of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), especially epigenetic altera-tions as a driving force in the development of ALL opens a new era of investigation for developing promising strategy, be-yond available conventional therapy. Objective:: This review will focus on a better understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms in cancer development and pro-gression, with an emphasis on epigenetic alterations in ALL including, DNA methylation, histone modification, and mi-croRNA alterations. Other topics that will be discussed include the use of epigenetic alterations as a promising therapeutic target in order to develop novel well-suited approaches against ALL. Conclusion:: According to the literature review, leukemogenesis of ALL is extensively influenced by epigenetic modifica-tions, particularly DNA hyper-methylation, histone modification, and miRNA alteration.

Epigenetics, Nutrition, Disease and Drug Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Lundstrom
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Novel Drug

Epigenetic mechanisms comprising of DNA methylation, histone modifications and gene silencing by RNA interference have been strongly linked to the development and progression of various diseases. These findings have triggered research on epigenetic functions and signal pathways as targets for novel drug discovery. Dietary intake has also presented significant influence on human health and disease development and nutritional modifications have proven important in prevention, but also the treatment of disease. Moreover, a strong link between nutrition and epigenetic changes has been established. Therefore, in attempts to develop novel safer and more efficacious drugs, both nutritional requirements and epigenetic mechanisms need to be addressed.

scholarly journals Oxidative damage, inflammation, genotoxic effect, and global DNA methylation caused by inhalation of formaldehyde and the purpose of melatonin

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 778-789
Author(s):  
Letícia Bernardini ◽  
Eduardo Barbosa ◽  
Mariele Feiffer Charão ◽  
Gabriela Goethel ◽  
Diana Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Global Methylation ◽  
Protein Thiols

Abstract Formaldehyde (FA) exposure has been proven to increase the risk of asthma and cancer. This study aimed to evaluate for 28 days the FA inhalation effects on oxidative stress, inflammation process, genotoxicity, and global DNA methylation in mice as well as to investigate the potential protective effects of melatonin. For that, analyses were performed on lung, liver and kidney tissues, blood, and bone marrow. Bronchoalveolar lavage was used to measure inflammatory parameters. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS), protein carbonyl (PCO), non-protein thiols (NPSH), catalase activity (CAT), comet assay, micronuclei (MN), and global methylation were determined. The exposure to 5-ppm FA resulted in oxidative damage to the lung, presenting a significant increase in TBARS and NO levels and a decrease in NPSH levels, besides an increase in inflammatory cells recruited for bronchoalveolar lavage. Likewise, in the liver tissue, the exposure to 5-ppm FA increased TBARS and PCO levels and decreased NPSH levels. In addition, FA significantly induced DNA damage, evidenced by the increase of % tail moment and MN frequency. The pretreatment of mice exposed to FA applying melatonin improved inflammatory and oxidative damage in lung and liver tissues and attenuated MN formation in bone marrow cells. The pulmonary histological study reinforced the results observed in biochemical parameters, demonstrating the potential beneficial role of melatonin. Therefore, our results demonstrated that FA exposure with repeated doses might induce oxidative damage, inflammatory, and genotoxic effects, and melatonin minimized the toxic effects caused by FA inhalation in mice.

Decreased expression of DNA methyltransferases in the testes of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia leads to changes in global DNA methylation levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Uysal ◽  
Gokhan Akkoyunlu ◽  
Saffet Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Testicular Biopsy ◽  
Round Spermatid ◽  
Dna Methyltransferases ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Obstructive Azoospermia ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells

DNA methylation plays key roles in epigenetic regulation during mammalian spermatogenesis. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) function in de novo and maintenance methylation processes by adding a methyl group to the fifth carbon atom of the cytosine residues within cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) and non-CpG dinucleotide sites. Azoospermia is one of the main causes of male infertility, and is classified as obstructive (OA) or non-obstructive (NOA) azoospermia based on histopathological characteristics. The molecular background of NOA is still largely unknown. DNA methylation performed by DNMTs is implicated in the transcriptional regulation of spermatogenesis-related genes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cellular localisation and expression levels of the DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B proteins, as well as global DNA methylation profiles in testicular biopsy samples obtained from men with various types of NOA, including hypospermatogenesis (hyposperm), round spermatid (RS) arrest, spermatocyte (SC) arrest and Sertoli cell-only (SCO) syndrome. In the testicular biopsy samples, DNMT1 expression and global DNA methylation levels decreased gradually from the hyposperm to SCO groups (P<0.05). DNMT3A expression was significantly decreased in the RS arrest, SC arrest and SCO groups compared with the hyposperm group (P<0.05). DNMT3B expression was significantly lower in the RS arrest and SCO groups than in the hyposperm group (P<0.05). Although both DNMT1 and DNMT3A were localised in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the spermatogenic cells, staining for DNMT3B was more intensive in the nucleus of spermatogenic cells. In conclusion, the findings suggest that significant changes in DNMT expression and global DNA methylation levels in spermatogenic cells may contribute to development of male infertility in the NOA groups. Further studies are needed to determine the molecular biological effects of the altered DNMT expression and DNA methylation levels on development of male infertility.

scholarly journals Potential effect of tobacco cigarettes smoking on global DNA methylation status and protamines transcripts in human spermatozoa

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Laqqan ◽  
Maged M. Yassin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Human Spermatozoa ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Transcription Level ◽  
Heavy Smokers ◽  
Protamine 1 ◽  
Protamine 2

Abstract Background Epigenetics refers to an alteration in gene expression without alteration in the sequence of DNA and this process may be affected by environmental factors and lifestyle like cigarette smoking. This study was designed to evaluate the potential effect of cigarette smoking on the global DNA methylation status and the transcription level of protamine 1 and protamine 2 in human spermatozoa. A total of 188 semen samples were collected from men with a mean age of 34.9 ± 5.8 years old (98 heavy smokers and 90 non-smokers). The DNA and RNA were isolated from purified spermatozoa, then the status of global DNA methylation and the transcription level of protamine 1 and protamine 2 were evaluated using ELISA and qPCR, respectively. The chromatin non-condensation and DNA fragmentation in human spermatozoa were evaluated using chromomycin A3 staining and TUNEL assay, respectively. Results A significant increase has been found in the status of global DNA methylation in spermatozoa of heavy smokers compared to non-smokers (7.69 ± 0.69 ng/μl vs. 4.90 ± 0.40 ng/μl, P < 0.001). Additionally, a significant reduction has been found in transcription level of protamine 1 (25.49 ± 0.31 vs. 23.94 ± 0.40, P < 0.001) and protamine 2 (28.27 ± 0.39 vs. 23.45 ± 0.30, P < 0.001) in heavy smokers. A downregulation has been found in the transcription level of protamine 1 and protamine 2 with a fold change of 0.497 and 0.047, respectively. A significant increase has been shown in the level of DNA fragmentation and chromatin non-condensation in heavy smokers compared to non-smokers (P < 0.001). On the other hand, a significant positive correlation has been found between sperm chromatin non-condensation, sperm DNA fragmentation, transcription level of protamine 1, transcription level of protamine 2, and global DNA methylation status (r = 0.304, P < 0.001; r = 0.399, P < 0.001; r = 0.216, P = 0.003; r = 0.494, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Tobacco cigarette smoking has a potential influence on the global DNA methylation and the transcription level of protamine genes in human spermatozoa, and consequently, affect negatively on the semen parameters.

Global DNA methylation, DNMT1, and MBD2 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Lupus ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
CC Liu ◽  
TT Ou ◽  
CC Wu ◽  
RN Li ◽  
YC Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Systemic Lupus

DNA redox modulations and global DNA methylation in bipolar disorder: effects of sex and illness state

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. S51-S52
Author(s):  
D. Ceylan ◽  
G. Scola ◽  
Z. Tunca ◽  
C. Isaacs-Trepanier ◽  
G. Can ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Disorder Effects
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