scholarly journals Intestinal Obstructions

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Obstructions

scholarly journals Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Ileal Intussusception in Calf

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Clara Sarzedas Ribeiro ◽  
Rodolfo José Cavalcanti Souto ◽  
Tayrlla Polessa Rodrigues Silva ◽  
José Augusto Bastos Afonso ◽  
Carla Lopes Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Adjacent Segment ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Target Pattern ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Intestinal Obstructions

Background: Intussusception, characterized by invagination of an intestinal segment into the lumen of the adjacent segment, is one of the main causes of intestinal obstruction in cattle, and occurs more frequently in calves. The diagnosis of the disease is based on the history, clinical examination, and complementary exams, which are a challenge in this species, especially in calves, in which transrectal palpation is limited. As it is a non-invasive, effective, and low-cost test, ultrasonography could be an important tool in the diagnosis of intestinal obstructions, in which time is essential for the prognosis. Therefore, the objective was to report a case of intussusception in a calf diagnosed by ultrasound.Case: A 4-month-old calf, weaned at 3 months and raised intensively, was treated at the Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns, campus of the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (CBG/UFRPE), with a history of apathy, anorexia, and dyschezia for 3 days. On physical examination, fever, moderate dehydration, tachycardia, tachypnea with polypnea, bilaterally bulging abdomen, sound of fluid on ballottement, ruminal and intestinal hypomotility, and melena were observed. The hematological findings revealed leukocytosis due to neutrophilia (degenerate neutrophils), hypoproteinemia, and hyperfibrinogenemia. The analysis of the ruminal fluid showed compromised microbiota and increased chloride content. The transabdominal ultrasonography demonstrated, in the right ventral region, hypermotile and full small bowel loops and an increase in the volume of the peritoneal fluid. In addition, there was a segment of the small intestine which, in cross-section, showed multiple concentric rings (“onion rings”, “target pattern”, or “bull’s eye”) and adherence to adjacent loops, compatible with intestinal obstruction due to intussusception. Due to the seriousness of the clinical condition and the ultrasound findings, the animal was euthanized and the necropsy revealed focal fibrinous peritonitis and intestinal obstruction due to intussusception in ileum intestinal segments.Discussion: Intussusception has previously been reported in calves, however this is the first report of ultrasound diagnosis of the disease in Brazil. Although the etiology is rarely confirmed, the age group and recent changes in diet (weaning) were predisposing factors. The history, clinical signs, and laboratory tests were similar to those described in cattle with intussusception, however they may be present in other gastrointestinal illnesses. Other authors have also reported that the nonspecificity of the signs and the impossibility of performing transrectal palpation made it difficult to diagnose intestinal obstruction in calves without the use of other diagnostic tools. As it is a non-invasive and accurate technique, ultrasound has been used in ruminants for diagnostic purposes, including intestinal obstructions. In the present case, the main findings are described as the presence of a lesion with the appearance of multiple concentric rings, hypermotile, dilated, and full intestinal loops. The pathological findings were compatible with the ultrasound images and similar to those described by other authors, confirming the diagnosis. The use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool in cattle should be expanded, aiming at the early determination of diagnosis and prognosis, to reduce producer costs and animal discomfort. In cases of intussusception, late diagnosis makes treatment unfeasible.

scholarly journals Experimental sodium chloride deficiency in man

1936 ◽  
Vol 119 (814) ◽  
pp. 245-268 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Addison’S Disease ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Diabetic Coma ◽  
Addison's Disease ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Intestinal Obstructions ◽  
Relationship Of

Dehydration plays an important part in the pathology of a number of diseases. The loss of water may take place through the kidney (as it does in diabetic coma), the gut (as in pyloric stenosis, paralytic ileus, acute diarrhoea, and vomiting or cholera), the lungs and skin (as in hot dry atmospheres) or occasionally through other channels. This loss of water has been known for a very long time to be associated with loss of salt, but a study of the literature reveals considerable confusion of thought as to the relationship of one to the other. This is particularly well illustrated by the discussions of some of the experimental work on Addison’s disease. Much experimental work has been done on the lower animals to elucidate the pathology of the intestinal obstructions; diabetic coma has been studied to some extent, and in the last 5 years Addison’s disease has been produced and controlled experimentally in numerous rats, cats, and dogs. In every case, however, the salt or water deficiency is but a part of the picture. From the acute and dangerous nature of the human diseases and the complications they introduce it is particularly difficult to study the effects of severe water or salt deficiency in patients. Some work has been carried out on diabetic coma, which, however, presents water and salt loss in its most complicated form. No papers of any value have been found on severe uncomplicated salt deficiency. It was therefore decided to make a direct experimental attack on the question and normal human adults were selected as the most suitable subjects. The deficiency was produced by a salt free diet combined with sweating. Nature and Arrangement of the Experiments ( a ) The Subjects —One of the women students of this Hospital volunteered to be the subject for the first experiment, which was of a semi-quantitative nature and was intended to try out methods rather than get results. Mild deficiency only was produced because E. ceased to lose significant amounts of NaCl in her sweat after 4 or 5 days. Nevertheless, some interesting observations were made which will be discussed in their appropriate place, and the fact that this subject reacted to the experimental regime so differently from the others is a matter which may be of some importance and will be further investigated. The second and third experiments were done on two males, R. A. M. age 36, and R. B. N. age 24. In both experiments every reasonable precaution was taken to make the whole investigation as quantitative as possible. Both subjects were in good health when the experiments began and the observations were not upset by any “colds” or other minor pathological interferences. R. A. M. is normally an active man, fond of exercise, and gets enough of it throughout the year to keep himself physically fit. R. B. N. is a South African, who came to this country with a Rhodes Scholarship and is now a medical student. He takes enough regular exercise to keep in fair training.

Adult health problems

2020 ◽  
pp. 677-790
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Intestinal Obstructions

This chapter covers primary care and nursing of various conditions that adults may present with including frailty, skin infections (bacterial, fungal, and viral), skin cancer, eczema, psoriasis, pigmentation and hair problems, and allergies. It also covers deafness, mouth and throat problems, adrenal disorders, anal conditions, gastro-oesophageal reflux and disorders of the bowels, viral infection, and food-borne disease. It also covers bowel disease, coeliac disease, appendicitis, hernias, intestinal obstructions, problems of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, as well as common musculoskeletal problems, and bone and connective tissue disorders. Sexual health problems are extensively described, including how to conduct a consultation, sexually transmitted infections, sexual problems, and sexual health in the context of adults with learning difficulties. Breast and gynaecological cancers are covered, alongside problems with menstruation, the ovaries, uterus, and vagina. The final section covers issues relating to termination of pregnancy.

Surgical Recovery of Intestinal Obstructions: Pre- and Postoperative Care and How Could it Be Prevented?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burhan Hakan Kanat ◽  
Erhan Eröz ◽  
Atakan Saçli ◽  
Nizamettin Kutluer ◽  
Mehmet Gençtürk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Care ◽  
Surgical Recovery ◽  
Intestinal Obstructions

Loosening the grip of intestinal obstructions

Nursing ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWINA A. McCONNELL
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Obstructions

scholarly journals Gallstone Ileus: An Unlikely Cause of Mechanical Small Bowel Obstruction

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estela Abich ◽  
Daniel Glotzer ◽  
Edward Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Small Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Gallstone Ileus ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Coffee Ground ◽  
Intestinal Obstructions ◽  
Emergent Laparotomy

Gallstone ileus is a rare disease that accounts for 1–4% of intestinal obstructions. Almost exclusively a condition in the older female population, it is a difficult diagnosis to make. We report the case of gallstone ileus in a 94-year-old Caucasian female, who presented to the emergency department with acute-onset nausea, coffee-ground emesis, lack of bowel movement, and abdominal distension. On CT scan, the diagnosis of gallstone ileus was made by the presence of a cholecystoduodenal fistula, pneumobilia, and small bowel obstruction. Emergent laparotomy with a one-stage procedure of enterolithotomy and stone removal by milking the bowel distal to the stone were performed. The postoperative course was uneventful until postoperative day 4 when the patient was found tachycardic, lethargic, and unresponsive. We reviewed the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of gallstone ileus.

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