Fusarium Wilt in Banana: Epidemics and Management Strategies

Fusarium Wilt Management in Legume Crops

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10081073 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1073 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ana Margarida Sampaio ◽

Susana de Sousa Araújo ◽

Diego Rubiales ◽

Maria Carlota Vaz Patto

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Precision Breeding ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Agronomic Practices ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Major Factors ◽

High Degree ◽

Animal Consumption

Legumes are among the most important crops worldwide for human and animal consumption. However, yield inconsistency due to susceptibility to pests and diseases strongly affects its production. Among diseases affecting legumes, Fusarium wilt caused by the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. (Fo) is one of the major factors limiting production worldwide. This disease can cause total losses in highly infested fields of some legume species. To minimize yield losses, integrated disease management strategies combining different agronomic practices with the use of resistant varieties should be applied. Although often characterized by a high degree of host specificity, with formae speciales (ff. spp.) and races identified, some Fo ff. spp. can have a broader host range, infecting more than one species, requiring further investigation. In this review, we describe the state of the art on legume Fusarium wilt management achievements, highlighting different aspects such as the use of rhizosphere microbiota as biocontrol agents, crop rotation and the use of resistant varieties. The different methods of identification and characterization of resistance sources, mechanisms as well as the genetic basis of resistance or the development of molecular tools to support legume precision breeding for Fo resistance are discussed.

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Genetic Diversity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense in East and Central Africa

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-17-0282-re ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 102 (3) ◽

pp. 552-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Patrick Karangwa ◽

Diane Mostert ◽

Privat Ndayihanzamaso ◽

Thomas Dubois ◽

Björn Niere ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Disease Management ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Management Practices ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Central Africa ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Intergenic Spacer ◽

Intergenic Spacer Region

Banana Fusarium wilt is a major production constraint globally and a significant threat to the livelihoods of millions of people in East and Central Africa (ECA). A proper understanding of the diversity and population dynamics of the causal agent, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), could be useful for the development of sustainable disease management strategies for the pathogen. The current study investigated the diversity of Foc in ECA using vegetative compatibility group (VCG) analysis, PCR-RFLPs of the ribosomal DNA’s intergenic spacer region, as well as phylogenetic analysis of the elongation factor-1α gene. Six VCGs (0124, 0125, 0128, 01212, 01220, and 01222), which all belong to one lineage (Foc lineage VI), were widely distributed throughout the region. VCGs 0128 and 01220 are reported for the first time in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda, while VCG 01212 is reported in the DRC and Rwanda. Isolates that did not belong to any of the known VCGs were identified as Foc lineage VI members by phylogenetic analysis and may represent novel VCGs. CAV 2734, a banana pathogen collected in Rwanda, clustered with nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates in lineage VIII. Results from this study will contribute significantly toward the implementation of banana Fusarium wilt disease management practices in the region, such as the restricted movement of infected planting material and the selective planting of resistant banana varieties.

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Effect of Botanical Extracts on the Population Density of Fusarium oxysporum in Soil and Control of Fusarium Wilt in the Greenhouse

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2000.84.3.300 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 300-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

John H. Bowers ◽

James C. Locke

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Healthy Plant ◽

Infested Soil ◽

Neem Oil ◽

Plastic Bags ◽

Plant Stand ◽

Botanical Extracts

Several commercial formulations of botanical extracts and essential oils are being investigated as possible alternatives to soil fumigation for control of Fusarium wilt diseases. Soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi was treated with 1, 5, and 10% aqueous emulsions of formulated extracts of clove (70% clove oil), neem (90% neem oil), pepper/mustard (chili pepper extract and essential oil of mustard), cassia (extract of cassia tree), and Banrot (a standard fungicide applied at different labeled rates) in separate experiments. Population densities of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi were determined at 0 (before treatment), 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment. Treatment of the soil with 5 and 10% aqueous emulsions resulted in significant (P < 0.05) differences among treatment means at each assay date. After 3 days, pepper/mustard, cassia, and clove extracts added as 10% aqueous emulsions reduced the population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi 99.9, 96.1, and 97.5%, respectively, compared with the untreated control. Neem oil extract increased the population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi at all concentrations tested. Banrot did not reduce the population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi in any experiment. In a second, related experiment, soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis also was treated with 1, 5, and 10% aqueous emulsions of formulated extracts, incubated in closed plastic bags for 1 week, and planted with muskmelon seeds (cv. Gold Star) in the greenhouse. Treatment of infested soil with 5 and 10% aqueous emulsions of the botanical extracts resulted in differences among treatments after 5 to 6 weeks. The pepper/mustard, cassia, and clove extracts suppressed disease development in repeated experiments (80 to 100% healthy plant stand) compared with the untreated infested soil (<20% stand). The observed reduction in the pathogen population and increased healthy plant stand in the greenhouse indicates that these extracts could have important roles in biologically based management strategies for control of Fusarium wilt diseases.

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Efficacy of Four Soil Treatments Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum Race 4 on Cotton

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-10-0696 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 95 (8) ◽

pp. 967-976 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R. S. Bennett ◽

D. W. Spurgeon ◽

W. R. DeTar ◽

J. S. Gerik ◽

R. B. Hutmacher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Methyl Bromide ◽

Clay Soil ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Plant Mortality ◽

Metam Sodium ◽

Vascular Discoloration ◽

Heavy Clay ◽

Race 4

Fusarium wilt, caused by race 4 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, is a critically important disease problem in California cotton (Pima, Gossypium barbadense; Upland, G. hirsutum). Because few cultivars with resistance to race 4 are available, alternative management strategies for this disease are needed. Four soil treatments (50:50 methyl-bromide + chloropicrin as a positive control; 60:40 chloropicrin + 1,3-dichloropropene; 6 weeks of solarization; and metam-sodium) were evaluated for efficacy against race 4 in a naturally infested, heavy clay soil. Treatments were evaluated based on plant mortality, height, number of mainstem nodes, vascular discoloration ratings, and soil counts of F. oxysporum. Two cultivars each of Pima and Upland cotton varying in resistance to race 4 were used. Plant mortality was lowest in methyl-bromide + chloropicrin, solarization, and chloropicrin + 1,3-dichloropropene treatments, and highest in the nontreated and metam-sodium treatments. Although most plant mortality occurred within 5 weeks after planting, substantial mortality of the susceptible Pima cultivar DP 744 accumulated for up to 10 weeks. Seven to eight weeks after planting, plants in methyl-bromide + chloropicrin and chloropicrin + 1,3-dichloropropene treatments were taller and had more mainstem nodes than in other treatments. Vascular discoloration was reduced in methyl-bromide + chloropicrin and solarization treatments compared with the nontreated control, metam-sodium, and chloropicrin + 1,3-dichloropropene treatments. Soil counts of F. oxysporum were significantly reduced only in the methylbromide + chloropicrin, chloropicrin + 1,3-dichloropropene, and solarization treatments. Six weeks of solarization and 60:40 chloropicrin + 1,3-dichloropropene (295 liters a.i./ha) proved effective for reducing Fusarium wilt of cotton in heavy clay soil.

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Biology, Diversity, Detection and Management of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum Causing Vascular Wilt Disease of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus): A Review

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11071310 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1310

Author(s):

Muhammad Ziaur Rahman ◽

Khairulmazmi Ahmad ◽

Abdulaziz Bashir Kutawa ◽

Yasmeen Siddiqui ◽

Norsazilawati Saad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Water Movement ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Effective Means ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Turgor Pressure ◽

Wilt Disease ◽

Correct Identification ◽

Fusarium Wilt Disease

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) is the causative agent of Fusarium wilt disease of watermelon; it is the most serious soil-borne pathogen around the globe. The yield loss is around 30–80% or even more, and is presently a major hindrance to watermelon cultivation worldwide. Initially, the infected watermelon plant shows symptoms like loss of turgor pressure of the leaves and vines that can be recovered at night. The progress of the disease in contaminated transplants turns into dull green to yellow and finally necrotic. When the fungus continues to colonize the xylem vessel, it usually forms more tyloses, finally limiting water movement and causing wilt. The correct identification of the pathogen is necessary for proper disease control. As such, the selection of a molecular marker could serve as an effective means of screening the pathogen. Additionally, different methods have also been reported for the identification of Fon. Therefore, this review focused on the comprehensive description of the biology, diversity, detection, aggressiveness, mycotoxin production, and eco-friendly management strategies of the Fusarium wilt disease of watermelon.

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Integrated Management Strategies for Tomato Fusarium Wilt

Biocontrol Science ◽

10.4265/bio.18.117 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 117-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

CAROLINE F. AJILOGBA ◽

OLUBUKOLA O. BABALOLA

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Management Strategies

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The role of soil types on the relation between individual soil properties and Fusarium wilt expression in 'Gros Michel' bananas

10.21203/rs.3.rs-264937/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rafael Segura Mena ◽

Jetse J. Stoorvogel ◽

Jorge A. Sandoval F.

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Soil Management ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Soil Types ◽

Disease Expression ◽

Race 1

Abstract Aims This study looks whether the response of soil management (liming and nitrogen fertilization) on the incidence of Fusarium wilt (Foc Race 1) in Gros Michel banana (Musa AAA) is influenced by soil types. Methods The effect of inoculation with Foc Race 1 was studied in a factorial greenhouse trial with eight representative soil types of the Costa Rican banana region, two pH levels; and three levels of N-fertilization. After an 8-week period, plant biomass, leaf area, and a disease index were measured.Results There were significant effects of soil pH and N, and their interactions on disease expression. Low pH levels and high N-fertilization increased the disease expression. The response to changes in soil pH and N-fertilization differed considerably between the different soil types. Conclusions Although soil pH and N influence Fusarium wilt in banana, each soil type differs in its response to these soil properties. This complicates the development of standard soil management strategies in terms of e.g., N-fertilization and liming to mitigate or fight the disease.

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Incidence, Spatial Pattern and Temporal Progress of Fusarium Wilt of Bananas

10.20944/preprints202107.0352.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel W. Heck ◽

Miguel Dita ◽

Emerson M. Del Ponte ◽

Eduardo S. G. Mizubuti

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Secondary Infection ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Gompertz Model ◽

Effective Management ◽

High Magnitude ◽

Sigmoidal Curve ◽

Level Of Aggregation ◽

The Impact

The effective management of Fusarium wilt of bananas (FW) depends on the knowledge of the disease dynamics in time and space. The objectives of this work were: To estimate disease intensity and impact, and to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamic of FW. Fields planted with Silk (n = 10), Pome (n = 17) or Cavendish (n = 3) banana subgroups were surveyed in Brazil, totaling 95 ha. In each field, all plants were visually assessed and diseased plants were georeferenced. The incidence of FW and the impact of the disease on yield on a regional scale were estimated. Spatial patterns were analyzed using quadrat- and distance-based methods. FW incidence ranged from 0.09 to 41.42%, being higher in Silk fields (median = 14.26%). Impacts of epidemics on yield ranged from 18.4 to 8,192.5 kg.ha-1.year-1, with a median of 935.2 kg.ha-1.year-1. The higher economic impact of the disease was observed on Silk cultivar with a median loss of US$ 910.5 ha-1.year-1. Overall, estimated losses increased on average by US$ 109.8 ha-1.year-1 at each 1% of incidence. Aggregation of FW was detected by all analytical methods in 13 fields (1 of Cavendish, 11 of Pome and 1 of Silk). In the other 17 fields, at least one analytical method did not reject the null hypothesis of randomness. One field (5 ha), composed of six plots, was selected for spatial and temporal studies during two years with bi-monthly assessments. A sigmoidal curve represented the FW progress and the Gompertz model best fitted disease progress. The level of aggregation varied over time, and evidence of secondary infection to neighboring and distant plants were detected. FW is a widespread problem in Brazil and yield losses can be of high magnitude. Epidemiology-based management strategies can now be better established.

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