scholarly journals WMO Space-Based Weather and Climate Extremes Monitoring Demonstration Project (SEMDP): First Outcomes of Regional Cooperation on Drought and Heavy Precipitation Monitoring for Australia and Southeast Asia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Kuleshov ◽  
Toshiyuki Kurino ◽  
Takuji Kubota ◽  
Tomoko Tashima ◽  
Pingping Xie
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Demonstration Project ◽  
Weather And Climate

Climate Change — A Natural Hazard

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 215-232
Author(s):  
William Kininmonth
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Do So

The impacts of weather and climate extremes (floods, storms, drought, etc) have historically set back development and will continue to do so into the future, especially in developing countries. It is essential to understand how future climate change will be manifest as weather and climate extremes in order to implement policies of sustainable development. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that natural processes have caused the climate to change and it is unlikely that human influences will dominate the natural processes. Any suggestion that implementation of the Kyoto Protocol will avoid future infrastructure damage, environmental degradation and loss of life from weather and climate extremes is a grand delusion.

scholarly journals SINGAPURA DAN ASEAN: ANALISIS RELASI NEGARA DAN INSTITUSI KAWASAN DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 299-318
Author(s):  
Riska Putri Hariyadi
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face

Increased interstate connectivity has led to the mobility of the COVID-19 outbreak easily spread throughout the world, including Southeast Asia. This outbreak has a multi-dimension effect that encourages countries to take two possibilities, Collaboration to handle the outbreak or by issuing restrictions as protection measures. Through this paper, the author describes the relations that occur in the Southeast Asian region by analyzing Singapore and ASEAN in the face of the outbreak. This paper argues that Singapore and ASEAN show commitment to the handling of the COVID-19 outbreak through regional cooperation such as the Asean COVID-19 Response Fund and solidarity actions with member countries. COVID-19, Singapura, ASEAN, Regional Cooperation

scholarly journals Economic Implications of Deeper South Asian–Southeast Asian Integration: A CGE Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganeshan Wignaraja ◽  
Peter Morgan ◽  
Michael G. Plummer ◽  
Fan Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Trade Costs ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Asian Integration

Using a computable general equilibrium model, this paper estimates the potential gains from deepening integration across South Asia and Southeast Asia. If the two regions succeed in dropping inter-regional tariffs, reducing non-tariff barriers by 50 percent, and decreasing inter-regional trade costs by 15 percent—which the paper suggests are ambitious but nevertheless attainable—welfare in South Asia and Southeast Asia would rise by 8.9 percent and 6.4 percent of GDP, respectively, by 2030. Hence, we conclude that deepening South Asian regional cooperation together with building links to Southeast Asia would pay off rich dividends.

Uncertainty in different precipitation products in the case of two atmospheric river events

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre M. Ramos ◽  
Rémy Roca ◽  
Pedro M.M. Soares ◽  
Anna M. Wilson ◽  
Ricardo M. Trigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Atmospheric Rivers ◽  
Atmospheric River ◽  
Western Us ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
The Tropics

<p>One of the World Climate Research Programme Grand Challenges is to evaluate whether existing observations are enough to underpin the assessment of weather and climate extremes. In this study, we focus on extreme associated with Atmospheric Rivers (ARs). ARs are characterized by intense moisture transport usually from the tropics to the extra-tropics. They can either be beneficial, providing critical water supply, or hazardous, when excessive precipitation accumulation leads to floods. Here, we examine the uncertainty in gridded precipitation products included in the Frequent Rainfall Observations on GridS (FROGS) database during two atmospheric river events in distinct Mediterranean climates: one in California, USA, and another in Portugal. FROGS is composed of gridded daily-precipitation products on a common 1∘×1∘ grid to facilitate intercomparison and assessment exercises. The database includes satellite, ground-based and reanalysis products. Results show that the precipitation products based on satellite data, individually or combined with other products, perform least well in capturing daily precipitation totals over land during both cases studied here. The reanalysis and the gauge-based products show the best agreement with local ground stations. As expected, there is an overall underestimation of precipitation by the different products. For the Portuguese AR, the multi-product ensembles reveal mean absolute percentage errors between -25% and -60%. For the Western US case, the range is from -60% to -100 %. </p><p> </p><p>Acknowledgments</p><p>The financial support for this work was possible through the following FCT project: HOLMODRIVE—North Atlantic Atmospheric Patterns Influence on Western Iberia Climate: From the Late Glacial to the Present (PTDC/CTA-GEO/29029/2017). A.M. Ramos was supported by the Scientific Employment Stimulus 2017 from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, CEECIND/00027/2017). </p><p> </p>

A complex network analysis of extreme cyclones in the Arctic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dörthe Handorf ◽  
Ozan Sahin ◽  
Annette Rinke ◽  
Jürgen Kurths
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Geopotential Height ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Height Fields

<p>Under the rapid and amplified warming of the Arctic, changes in the occurrence of Arctic weather and climate extremes are evident which have substantial cryospheric and biophysical impacts like floods, droughts, coastal erosion or wildfires. Furthermore, these changes in weather and climate extremes have the potential to further amplify Arctic warming. <br>Here we study extreme cyclone events in the Arctic, which often occur during winter and are associated with extreme warming events that are caused by cyclone-related heat and moisture transport into the Arctic. In that way Arctic extreme cyclones have the potential to retard sea-ice growth in autumn and winter or to initiate an earlier melt-season onset. <br>To get a better understanding of these extreme cyclones and their occurrences in the Arctic, it is important to reveal the related atmospheric teleconnection patterns and understand their underlying mechanisms. In this study, the methodology of complex networks is used to identify teleconnections associated with extreme cyclones events (ECE) over Spitzbergen. We have chosen Spitzbergen, representative for the Arctic North Atlantic region which is a hot spot of Arctic climate change showing also significant recent changes in the occurrence of extreme cyclone events. <br>Complex climate networks have been successfully applied in the analysis of climate teleconnections during the last decade. To analyze time series of unevenly distributed extreme events, event synchronization (ES) networks are appropriate. Using this framework, we analyze the spatial patterns of significant synchronization between extreme cyclone events over the Spitzbergen area and extreme events in sea-level pressure (SLP) in the rest of the Northern hemisphere for the extended winter season from November to March. Based on the SLP fields from the newest atmospheric reanalysis ERA5, we constructed the ES networks over the time period 1979-2019.<br>The spatial features of the complex network topology like Eigenvector centrality, betweenness centrality and network divergence are determined and their general relation to storm tracks, jet streams and waveguides position is discussed. Link bundles in the maps of statistically significant links of ECEs over Spitzbergen with the rest of the Northern Hemisphere have revealed two classes of teleconnections: Class 1 comprises links from various regions of the Northern hemisphere to Spitzbergen, class 2 comprises links from Spitzbergen to various regions of the Northern hemisphere. For each class three specific teleconnections have been determined. By means of composite analysis, the corresponding atmospheric conditions are characterized.<br>As representative of class 1, the teleconnection between extreme events in SLP over the subtropical West Pacific and delayed ECEs at Spitzbergen is investigated. The corresponding lead-lag analysis of atmospheric fields of SLP, geopotential height fields and meridional wind fields suggests that the class 1 teleconnections are caused by tropical forcing of poleward emanating Rossby wave trains. As representative of class 2, the teleconnection between ECEs at Spitzbergen and delayed extreme events in SLP over Northwest Russia is analyzed. The corresponding lead-lag analysis of atmospheric fields of SLP and geopotential height fields from the troposphere to the stratosphere suggests that the class 2 teleconnections are caused by troposphere-stratosphere coupling processes.</p>

Trend analysis of extratropical cyclones in long-term ERA5 data series (1950-2019)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Blender ◽  
Alexia Karwat ◽  
Christian Franzke
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Search ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Extratropical Cyclones ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Neighbor Search ◽  
Weather And Climate

<p>Extratropical cyclones are the primary natural hazards affecting Europe. With the release of ERA5 reanalysis data from 1950-1978 by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), new opportunities have arisen to investigate mid-latitude cyclones in terms of climatic features and trends in longer and higher resolution. We analyze cyclones by nearest neighbor search in 1000 hPa geopotential height minima in different high resolutions for different minimum life-times. We find an intensification of North Atlantic cyclones in 1950-2019. Short-lived cyclones grow in radius and depth. In the Mediterranean, however, long-lived cyclones have weakened; but traveled also further in 1950-2019. Additionally, we illustrate relations between cyclone tracks, radii and correlated weather and climate extremes.</p>

Signals of Climate Change and Spatio-temporal Analysis of Climate Extremes in the Homogeneous Climatic Zones of Pakistan During 1962-2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firdos Khan ◽  
Shaukat Ali ◽  
Christoph Mayer ◽  
Hamd Ullah ◽  
Sher Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
North Pakistan ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Abstract This study investigates contemporary climate change and spatio-temporal analysis of climate extremes in Pakistan (divided into five homogenous climate zones) using observed data, categorized between 1962–1990 and 1991–2019. The results show that on the average, the changes in temperature and precipitation are significant at 5 % significance level throughout Pakistan in most of the seasons. The spatio-temporal trend analysis of consecutive dry days (CDD) shows an increasing trend during 1991–2019 except in zone 4 indicating throughout decreasing trend. PRCPTOT (annual total wet-day precipitation), R10 (number of heavy precipitation days), R20 (number of very heavy precipitation days) and R25mm (extremely heavy precipitation days) are significantly decreasing (increasing) during 1962–1990 (1991–2019) in North Pakistan. Summer days (SU25) increased across the country, except in zone 4 with a decrease. TX10p (Cool days) decreased across the country except an increase in zone 1 and zone 2 during 1962–1990. TX90p (Warm days) has an increasing trend during 1991–2019 except zone 5 and decreasing trend during 1962–1990 except zone 2 and 5. The Mann-Kendal test indicates increasing precipitation (DJF) and decreasing maximum and minimum temperature (JJA) in the Karakoram region during 1962–1990. The decadal analysis suggests decreasing precipitation during 1991–2019 and increasing temperature (maximum and minimum) during 2010–2019 which is in line with the recently confirmed slight mass loss of glaciers against Karakoram Anomaly.

scholarly journals Impacts on agriculture

2013 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Leanne Webb
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Agricultural Communities ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Challenging Environment ◽  
Mean Climate

p>Agricultural production in Victoria includes the dairy, lamb and mutton, grains and perennial and annual horticultural sectors, with Victorian farmers contributing a major proportion of the Australian production total in many of these sectors. All these industries are exposed in different ways to weather and climate extremes. With projected warming of approximately 0.8°C by 2030 and by 1.4–2.7°C by 2070 (emissions dependent), and most climate models indicating reduced rainfall for the Victorian region (median of model results projecting a reduction of 4% by 2030 and 6%–11% by 2070; emissions dependent), a range of sectorspecific impacts could result. Increases in extreme events, such as heatwaves (e.g. for Mildura, days >35°C could nearly double from 32 to 59 annually by 2070), bushfires and drought, as well as an increased chance of extreme rainfall are all anticipated. Increasing frequencies of extreme events have the potential to affect agricultural production more than changes to the mean climate. For example, the exceptional heatwave that occurred in south-eastern Australia during January and February 2009 resulted in unprecedented impacts, with significant heat-stress related crop losses reported at many sites. Flooding in 2011 was also very costly to Victorian farmers with many crops being lost in the floodwaters and reduced agricultural production costing an estimated Au$500–600 million. Responses to climate variability already practised by the farming sector will inform some adaptation options that will assist farmers to cope in an increasingly challenging environment. As well as taking advantage of their underlying resilience, initiatives aimed at increasing the adaptive capacity of farmers are being implemented at many levels in agricultural communities.

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