scholarly journals Introductory Chapter: Development of Assessment Models to Support Pollution Preventive and Control Decisions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehab O. Abdel Rahman
Keyword(s):  
And Control

Introduction

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Varese
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
State System ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
And Control ◽  
Crime Institute

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's key themes. The book examines mafias' ability to transplant in new and distant territories. Conventional wisdom suggests that organized crime migrates easily due to the spread of globalization and population migration, and criminal multinational corporations are increasingly unattached to a specific territory. According to Louise Shelley, the director of the Transnational Crime Institute in Washington, DC, “international organized crime has globalized its activities for the same reasons as legitimate multinational corporations.” Many authors argue that the notions of territorial entrenchment and control are becoming obsolete for a “Global Crime Inc.” that “transcends the sovereignty that organizes the modern state system.” The “transnational organized crime consensus” is influential among policymakers.

Introduction

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL AYERS
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Philosophical Theology ◽  
Baruch Spinoza ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Control

This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about the relation between the concepts of rationalism, Platonism, and God. This book is intended as a contribution to the exploration and exposition of the common ground of the great early modern rationalist theories. It examines contemplation and control in Cartesian philosophy and analyses the priority of the perfect in the philosophical theology of the continental rationalists. It also provides commentaries on the relevant theories of philosophers Rene Descartes, Baruch Spinoza, and Gottfried Leibniz.

1. Introducing constitutions and public law

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-24
Author(s):  
Anne Dennett
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
The State ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the idea and importance of constitutions. A constitution is essentially a rulebook for how a state is run, and its function is to impose order and stability; to allocate power, rights, and responsibility and control the power of the state. Indeed, a state's constitution sets out the structure and powers of government and the relationship between individuals and the state, and a balanced constitution ensures a balance of power between the institutions of government. New constitutions can arise either through a process of evolution or as an act of deliberate creation. The chapter then considers the UK constitution. Public law is a fundamentally important part of the UK's national law and is the law about government and public administration. It places limitations on the power of the state through objective, independent controls. It is also known as ‘constitutional and administrative law’.

Aspects of Agency

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred R. Mele
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Causal Theory ◽  
Theory Of Action ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Causal Theory Of Action ◽  
Action Explanation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Free Actions

Libertarianism about free will is the conjunction of a negative thesis and a positive thesis. The negative thesis is that free will is incompatible with determinism. The positive thesis is that there are actions that are or involve exercises of free will—free actions, for short. While remaining neutral of the negative thesis, this book develops a detailed version of the positive thesis that represents paradigmatically free actions as indeterministically caused by their proximal causes and pays special attention to decisions caused in this way. The bulk of the book is a defense of this thesis against popular objections to theses of its kind. This defense includes solutions to problems about luck and control that are widely discussed in the literature on free will and moral responsibility. Various key concepts are clarified, including complete control, direct control, and its being up to an agent what is decided; and it is argued that free will may be accommodated without invoking agent-causation. The seven chapters on free will are preceded by an introductory chapter and three chapters on central issues in the philosophy of action that bear on standard treatments of free will—deciding to act, agents’ abilities, and commitments of a causal theory of action explanation.

1. Introducing constitutions and public law

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Anne Dennett
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
The State ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the idea and importance of constitutions. A constitution is essentially a rulebook for how a state is run, and its function is to impose order and stability; to allocate power, rights, and responsibility; and control the power of the state. Indeed, a state’s constitution sets out the structure and powers of government and the relationship between individuals and the state, and a balanced constitution ensures a balance of power between the institutions of government. New constitutions can arise either through a process of evolution or as an act of deliberate creation. The chapter then considers the UK constitution. Public law is a fundamentally important part of the UK’s national law and is the law about government and public administration. It places limitations on the power of the state through objective, independent controls. It is also known as ‘constitutional and administrative law’.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jon R. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Military Performance ◽  
Friendly Fire ◽  
Information Practice ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Local Representations

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the relationship between information technology and military power. Digital systems now mediate almost every effort to gather, store, display, analyze, and communicate information. As a result, military personnel now have to struggle with their own information systems as much as with the enemy. Local representations of the world must be coordinated with whatever distant reality they represent. When personnel can perceive things that are relevant to their mission, distinguish friend from foe, predict the effects of their operations, and get reliable feedback on the results, then they can fight more effectively. When they cannot do these things, however, then tragedies like friendly fire, civilian deaths, missed opportunities, and other counterproductive actions become more likely. If military organizations are unable to coordinate their representations with reality, then all of their advantages in weaponry or manpower will count for little. The chapter describes the organizational effort to coordinate knowledge and control as information practice. It argues that the quality of practice, and thus military performance, depends on the interaction between strategic problems and organizational solutions.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Raphaël Gellert
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Data Protection Directive ◽  
The Status ◽  
Data Protection Law ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality ◽  
Regulation Model ◽  
And Control

The introductory chapter frames the way the topic of the risk-based approach will be addressed throughout the book. Rather than studying the risk-based approach as a given that is often seen as the irreconcilable opposite of the so-called rights-based approach (directly stemming from the status of data protection as a fundamental right of the EU), it sees the risk-based approach instead as the latest avatar of a series of regulation models applied in the data protection context. If the risk-based approach is the implementation of a regulation model to data protection, this means that the rights-based approach, and data protection more generally, has always had something to do with regulation. Furthermore, given the crucial importance that risk management tools play in the regulation model at stake, the issue becomes one of the entanglement of data protection law, risk, and regulation. One of the main points put forth is that the principle of proportionality is common to data protection law, regulation, and risk. From this perspective it frames the shift from the rights-based approach to the risk-based approach as a matter of variations around the proportionality principle. These variations are encapsulated in the different models of regulation at play: from the command and control model of the Data Protection Directive, to the meta regulation model underpinning the risk-based approach in the GDPR and other statutes.

The Desegregation of Spark

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
James Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Psychoanalytic Theory ◽  
Critical Reception ◽  
Social Critique ◽  
Rigorous Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
And Control

This introductory chapter provides a comprehensive account of Spark’s critical reception, spanning the 1960s to the present day. Established critical views, it argues, have collectively developed a ‘myth’ of Spark as an author who delights in playing the role of malevolent master-puppeteer, flaunting her powers of omniscience before the reader. This tendency to liken Spark’s authorial power to that wielded punitively by the Old Testament God does a disservice to the complexity and diversity of her writing, and blunts its political anger and subversive edge. Instead, this rigid, prescriptive theologically-informed reading of Spark has postponed or even precluded more rigorous analysis of the significance of the social and historical contexts and concerns of her fiction, explorations of the relevance of her writing to diverse strands of literary and psychoanalytic theory, as well as considerations of how her literary innovations have facilitated instances of gendered social critique. Spark’s narrative perspectives – which are multifarious rather than uniform, altering drastically from one text to the next – are instead concerned intensely with reflecting and subverting the dynamics of power, knowledge and control operating within the worlds in which they are set, rather than conveying godlike omniscience.

Why Warlord Survival?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Romain Malejacq
Keyword(s):  
State Building ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Political Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Moment ◽  
State Domination ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Different Levels

This introductory chapter explains how warlords survive, during and after war. Here, warlords are defined as astute political entrepreneurs with a proven ability to organize violence and control territory. They exert and transform authority across different spheres (ideological, economic, military, social, and political) and at different levels of political affairs (local, national, and international). As such, warlords remain, first and foremost, “autonomous and powerful individuals,” not members of armed organizations bound by institutionalized forms of collective decision making. Warlords persist thanks to their ability to cross political orders and harness different sources of power, often in ways that escape state domination. Not only do they remain influential in the political system, but they also hold power that goes far beyond simple military might and endures long past the moment they have ceased to command a credible force. They adapt to new political regimes and offer “alternative forms of governance.” In other words, warlords maintain authority despite massive state-building efforts.

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