The Impact of Neuroscience on the Evolution of Decision-Making in Brachial Plexus Surgery. Part II: Nerve Grafts Act as Operator Channels (How the New May Meet the Old)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif M. Amr ◽  
Sherif N. Amin ◽  
Mohamad Abdel-Wahed Kotb
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Nerve Grafts ◽  
Brachial Plexus Surgery ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The importance of the preoperative clinical parameters and the intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring in brachial plexus surgery

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Pretto Flores
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Intraoperative Monitoring ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Direct Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Intraoperative Electrophysiological Monitoring ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Brachial Plexus Surgery ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to demonstrate the impact of some preoperative clinical parameters on the functional outcome of patients sustaining brachial plexus injuries, and to trace some commentaries about the use of intraoperative monitoring techniques. METHOD: A retrospective study one hundred cases of brachial plexus surgery. The analysis regarding postoperative outcomes was performed by comparing the average of the final result of the surgery for each studied cohort. RESULTS: Direct electrical stimulation was used in all patients, EMG in 59%, SEPs in 37% and evoked NAPs in 19% of the cases. Patients in whom the motor function of the hand was totally or partially preserved before surgery, and those in whom surgery was delayed less than 6 months demonstrated significant (p<0.05) better outcomes. CONCLUSION: The preoperative parameters associated to favorable outcomes in reconstruction of the brachial plexus are a good post-traumatic status of the hand and a short interval between injury and surgery.

END-TO-SIDE NERVE SUTURE IN THE HUMAN PATIENT

Hand Surgery ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Mennen
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Operative Technique ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Human Patient ◽  
Chacma Baboon ◽  
Nerve Suture ◽  
Nerve Grafts ◽  
Brachial Plexus Surgery

End-to-side nerve suture (also called terminolateral neurorrhaphy) has been extensively examined clinically, histologically, electro-physiologically and electron microscopically in the rat and non-human primat (Chacma baboon: Papua ursinus). We have demonstrated good to excellent sensory in motor function results in the human patient for a variety of nerve injuries. The simplicity of the procedure, the relative wide tolerance of the operative technique and the virtual consistent early recovery of both sensory and motor function, makes this method ideal for nerve injury surgery. Nerve grafts to a large extent are obviated and brachial plexus surgery gets a whole new meaning. The first 22 patients are presented.

Quota Women Are Threatening to Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klea Faniko ◽  
Till Burckhardt ◽  
Oriane Sarrasin ◽  
Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi ◽  
Siri Øyslebø Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Women In Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Two studies carried out among Albanian public-sector employees examined the impact of different types of affirmative action policies (AAPs) on (counter)stereotypical perceptions of women in decision-making positions. Study 1 (N = 178) revealed that participants – especially women – perceived women in decision-making positions as more masculine (i.e., agentic) than feminine (i.e., communal). Study 2 (N = 239) showed that different types of AA had different effects on the attribution of gender stereotypes to AAP beneficiaries: Women benefiting from a quota policy were perceived as being more communal than agentic, while those benefiting from weak preferential treatment were perceived as being more agentic than communal. Furthermore, we examined how the belief that AAPs threaten men’s access to decision-making positions influenced the attribution of these traits to AAP beneficiaries. The results showed that men who reported high levels of perceived threat, as compared to men who reported low levels of perceived threat, attributed more communal than agentic traits to the beneficiaries of quotas. These findings suggest that AAPs may have created a backlash against its beneficiaries by emphasizing gender-stereotypical or counterstereotypical traits. Thus, the framing of AAPs, for instance, as a matter of enhancing organizational performance, in the process of policy making and implementation, may be a crucial tool to countering potential backlash.

The impact of patient narratives on medical students’ perceptions of shared decision making: A randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Bientzle ◽  
Marie Eggeling ◽  
Simone Korger ◽  
Joachim Kimmerle
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Information Text ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Successful shared decision making (SDM) in clinical practice requires that future clinicians learn to appreciate the value of patient participation as early as in their medical training. Narratives, such as patient testimonials, have been successfully used to support patients’ decision-making process. Previous research suggests that narratives may also be used for increasing clinicians’ empathy and responsiveness in medical consultations. However, so far, no studies have investigated the benefits of narratives for conveying the relevance of SDM to medical students.METHODS: In this randomized controlled experiment, N = 167 medical students were put into a scenario where they prepared for medical consultation with a patient having Parkinson disease. After receiving general information, participants read either a narrative patient testimonial or a fact-based information text. We measured their perceptions of SDM, their control preferences (i.e., their priorities as to who should make the decision), and the time they intended to spend for the consultation.RESULTS: Participants in the narrative patient testimonial condition referred more strongly to the patient as the one who should make decisions than participants who read the information text. Participants who read the patient narrative also considered SDM in situations with more than one treatment option to be more important than participants in the information text condition. There were no group differences regarding their control preferences. Participants who read the patient testimonial indicated that they would schedule more time for the consultation.CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that narratives can potentially be useful for imparting the relevance of SDM and patient-centered values to medical students. We discuss possible causes of this effect and implications for training and future research.

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