scholarly journals Pericardial Diseases: Surgery for Pericardial Effusion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ing Xiang Soo
Keyword(s):  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Pericardial Diseases

Cardiac tamponade

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1575-1580
Author(s):  
Arsen D. Ristić ◽  
Petar M. Seferović ◽  
Bernhard Maisch ◽  
Vladimir Kanjuh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Cardiac Tamponade ◽  
Interventional Procedures ◽  
Loop Diuretics ◽  
Diastolic Filling ◽  
Pericardial Space ◽  
Pericardial Diseases

Cardiac tamponade is a pericardial syndrome characterized by compression of the heart by the exudate accumulating within the pericardial space and impairing diastolic filling and cardiac output. Pericardial diseases of any aetiology but also haemorrhage during interventional procedures may cause tamponade. If pericardial effusion accumulates slowly, 2000 mL or more could be tolerated (unless precipitated by dehydration, loop diuretics, vasodilators, anticoagulants, or thrombolytics), but acute accumulation of more than 250 mL is fatal.

Pericardial diseases in patients with hypothyroidism

Heart ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (13) ◽  
pp. 1027-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny Chahine ◽  
Chandra K Ala ◽  
James L Gentry ◽  
Kevin M Pantalone ◽  
Allan L Klein
Keyword(s):  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Systematic Screening ◽  
Pericardial Disease ◽  
Pericardial Diseases

Hypothyroidism is a well-known cause of pericardial effusion (with an incidence of 3%–37%) and can cause cardiac tamponade in severe cases. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the epidemiology of hypothyroid-induced pericardial diseases, the mechanism through which low thyroid hormone levels affect the pericardium, the associated clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests and management options. Hypothyroidism causes pericardial effusion through increased permeability of the epicardial vessels and decreased lymphatic drainage of albumin, resulting in accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space. Interestingly, autoimmunity does not seem to play a major role in the pathophysiology, and a majority of effusions are asymptomatic due to slow fluid accumulation. The diagnosis is generally made when the pericardial disease is associated with an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone level, and other secondary causes are excluded. Management consists of thyroid replacement therapy, along with pericardial drainage in case of tamponade.In conclusion, hypothyroidism-induced pericardial diseases are underdiagnosed. Initiating treatment early in the disease process and preventing complications relies on early diagnosis through systematic screening per guidelines.

Pericardial disease

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Paelinck ◽  
Aleksandar Lazarević ◽  
Pedro Gutierrez Fajardo
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Constrictive Pericarditis ◽  
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Pericardial Disease ◽  
Pericardial Diseases

Echocardiography is the cornerstone for the diagnosis of pericardial disease. It is a portable technique allowing morphological and functional multimodality (M-mode, two-dimensional, Doppler, and tissue Doppler) imaging of pericardial disease. In addition, echocardiography is essential for differential diagnosis (pericardial effusion vs pleural effusion, constrictive pericarditis vs restrictive cardiomyopathy) and allows bedside guiding of pericardiocentesis. This chapter describes normal pericardial anatomy and reviews echocardiographic features of different pericardial diseases and their pathophysiology, including pericarditis, pericardial effusion, constrictive pericarditis, pericardial cyst, and congenital absence of pericardium.

Pericardial diseases

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Constrictive Pericarditis ◽  
Acute Pericarditis ◽  
Pericardial Disease ◽  
Tuberculous Pericarditis ◽  
Pericardial Diseases ◽  
Effusive Constrictive Pericarditis

Aetiology 460Syndromes of pericardial disease 461Acute pericarditis without effusion 461Pericardial effusion with or without tamponade 462Constrictive pericarditis 464Effusive-constrictive pericarditis 465Calcific pericarditis without constriction 465Viral pericarditis 466Tuberculous pericarditis 468Uraemic pericarditis 469Neoplastic pericardial disease 470Myxoedematous effusion ...

Constrictive pericarditis

2021 ◽  
pp. 707-714
Author(s):  
Alida L.P. Caforio ◽  
Maurizio Galderisi ◽  
Massimo Imazio ◽  
Renzo Marcolongo ◽  
Yehuda Adler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Constrictive Pericarditis ◽  
Diastolic Filling ◽  
Purulent Pericarditis ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Pericardial Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Pericarditis ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Final Evolution

Constrictive pericarditis is a pericardial syndrome where the pericardium becomes relatively rigid and inelastic, may be thickened and calcified or not, and impairs mid to late diastolic filling. Constrictive pericarditis is the final pathway of several different diseases or causes, usually starting from pericarditis and pericardial effusion, and progressing towards pericardial fibrosis and calcification. Constrictive pericarditis is commonly the final evolution of any type of pericarditis and pericardial effusion. The risk of developing such evolution is especially related to the aetiology. The risk of progression is especially related to the aetiology: low (<1%) in viral and idiopathic pericarditis, intermediate (2–5%) in immune-mediated pericarditis and neoplastic pericardial diseases, and high (20–30%) in bacterial pericarditis, especially purulent pericarditis. It is important to recognize transient (subacute) constrictive pericarditis early on in the process versus calcific chronic constrictive pericarditis.

What next?

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1603-1606
Author(s):  
Yehuda Adler ◽  
Dor Lotan
Keyword(s):  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Novel Agents ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Pericardial Diseases ◽  
Pericardial Involvement

Pericardium may be involved in several diseases, from primary malignancy and pericardial involvement in metastatic diseases to inflammation of the pericardium (pericarditis). Pericardial effusion, which may be secondary to inflammation or tumour producing, is a life-threating situation if left untreated. Pericardial diseases research has progressed significantly from past years but pericardial diseases are still troublesome entities to manage. Research focuses mainly on the aetiology of idiopathic cases of pericarditis, autoinflammatory and autoimmunity process involving pericardial inflammation, and the role of novel agents in management of idiopathic recurrent cases. Further research is needed to better understand the pathogenesis of idiopathic cases, management in neoplastic involvement, and the efficacy of novel agents.

Overview of pericardial syndromes

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1561-1563
Author(s):  
Michael Arad ◽  
Yehuda Adler
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Acute Pericarditis ◽  
Pericardial Disease ◽  
Pericardial Diseases ◽  
Pericardial Syndromes ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Systemic Condition ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Pericardial diseases manifest as a part of a systemic condition or in isolation. The clinical presentation is driven by inflammation (i.e. pericarditis), excess fluid accumulation (pericardial effusion), or pericardial stiffening (constriction). Corresponding symptoms and signs may include pain, stigmata of systemic inflammation, atrial arrhythmia, haemodynamic compromise, or chronic heart failure. Pericardial tumours and space-occupying lesions are uncommon and may be incidentally detected or present as one of the above-mentioned forms of pericardial disease. Aetiological work-up is usually unnecessary in acute pericarditis but is indicated in the incessant/chronic form and to exclude bacterial infection. Pericardial effusions need to be investigated when large and promptly evacuated when associated with haemodynamic compromise. The hallmark of constrictive physiology is ventricular interdependence. It is important to distinguish transient constriction and to treat inflammation according to aetiology prior to making a decision on surgical relief by pericardiectomy.

Pericardial diseases in patients with cancer: contemporary prevalence, management and outcomes

Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 569-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Imazio ◽  
Marzia Colopi ◽  
Gaetano Maria De Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Constrictive Pericarditis ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Haematological Malignancies ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Pericardial Diseases ◽  
Advanced Malignancies ◽  
Effusive Constrictive Pericarditis ◽  
Pericardial Involvement

Neoplastic pericardial effusion is a common and serious manifestation of advanced malignancies. Lung and breast carcinoma, haematological malignancies, and gastrointestinal cancer are the most common types of cancer involving the pericardium. Pericardial involvement in neoplasia may arise from several different pathophysiological mechanisms and may be manifested by pericardial effusion with or without tamponade, effusive-constrictive pericarditis and constrictive pericarditis. Management of these patients is a complex multidisciplinary problem, affected by clinical status and prognosis of patients.

scholarly journals Surgical management of pericardial diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aamir Bilal ◽  
Salim M ◽  
Salman Nishtar ◽  
Tahira Nishtar ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib Nabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Constrictive Pericarditis ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Diastolic Filling ◽  
Purulent Pericarditis ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Process ◽  
Pericardial Diseases ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Pericardial Thickening

Tuberculosis and purulent pericarditis are the most common causes of pericardial effusion and constriction. Chronic constrictive pericarditis is a chronic inflammatory process that involves both fibrous and serous layers of the pericardium and leads to pericardial thickening and compression of the ventricles. The resultant impairment in diastolic filling reduces cardiac function. Pericardiectomy remains the treatment of choice for chronic constriction. A review of 72 cases at department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lady Reading Hospital is presented. There was a mortality of 12% and a morbidity of 20%. Forty seven of the 72 cases were tuberculous. The surgical excision of pericardium remains the only available curative treatment for constrictive pericarditis, while open pericardial drainage is required for cardiac tamponade resulting from pericardial effusion.

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