scholarly journals Compulsory Preschool in Latin America: Comparative Evolution and Future Challenges

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ancheta Arrabal
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Comparative Evolution

Present and Future Challenges of Coastal Erosion in Latin America

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Silva ◽  
M. Luisa Martínez ◽  
Patrick A. Hesp ◽  
Patricio Catalan ◽  
Andres F. Osorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Future Challenges

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL THERAPY PENETRATION FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN LATIN AMERICA: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Botelho QUARESMA ◽  
Claudio Saddy Rodrigues COY ◽  
Aderson Omar Mourão Cintra DAMIÃO ◽  
Gilaad G KAPLAN ◽  
Paulo Gustavo KOTZE
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Different Characteristics

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The introduction of anti-TNF agents represented a landmark in the management of both Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), with improved efficacy and safety when compared with conventional treatment. However, significant challenges still exist in Latin America to facilitate the access of biological agents for physicians and patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to summarize current evidence on penetration of biological agents for CD and UC in Latin America. METHODS: Data are derived from a previous complete systematic review that explored different characteristics of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in Latin America. The studies fully included in this previous systematic review which contained detailed descriptions of the percentage of use of biological agents in different cohorts throughout Latin American and Caribbean countries were included, and descriptive findings were compiled, describing CD and UC penetration of these drugs in different patient cohorts from different countries. RESULTS: From the 61 studies included in the original systematic review, only 19 included data of the percentage of patients treated with biological agents. Anti-TNF use in CD varied from 1.51% in Mexico up to 46.9% in Colombia, with most of the studies describing anti-TNF use in approximately 20%-40% of CD patients. On the other side, the frequency of the use of biologics was clearly lower in UC, varying from 0% in 2009 to up 16.2% in 2018, according to two different Mexican studies. Only two studies described the penetration of anti-TNF agents in IBD overall: 13.4% in a Colombian and 37.93% in a Brazilian study. No studies described percentage of use of new biologic agents (vedolizumab and ustekinumab). CONCLUSION: Penetration of anti-TNF agents in Latin America is comparable to the rest of the world in CD, but lower in UC. With the increase in the incidence and prevalence of IBD, specific strategies to increase access to anti-TNF agents in UC and new biological agents overall are warranted.

scholarly journals Implementing University Social Responsibility in the Caribbean: Perspectives of Internal Stakeholders

2018 ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Lina M. Gomez ◽  
Yanitzary Alvarado Naveira ◽  
Aileen Pujols Bernabel
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Internal Stakeholders

University Social Responsibility (USR) is the ethical and transparent management of the administrative, educational, cognitive and social processes carried out by a higher education institution. More and more universities are practicing USR not only in Latin America but also in the United States and Europe, in order to reduce the negative impacts their daily operations can have on different stakeholders and on a macro level on society, the economy, and the environment. However, despite existing knowledge in the implementation of USR in Latin America and the Caribbean, there are few empirical studies that analyze the positions of diverse internal stakeholders regarding USR practices mainly in the Caribbean. Therefore, this study analyzes the perspectives of the internal stakeholders in social responsibility initiatives and processes at a private university in Puerto Rico. A total of 533 participants (356 students, 99 administrative staff, and 78 faculty members) were interviewed and were given a questionnaire, which evaluated the following areas: responsible campus, professional and citizenship education, social knowledge management, and social participation. Overall, the internal stakeholders’ perceptions were consistent among the three groups. It can be observed that the various internal stakeholders are aware of what it means—in theory, and in practice—, to be a socially-responsible university, although they also recognize opportunities for improvement and future challenges regarding USR. The results of this study contribute to the literature, to the application of conceptual models—mainly from the perspectives of internal stakeholders—and to the importance of evaluating USR practices.

scholarly journals The Italian Theory of Comparative Law Goes Abroad

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Grande ◽  
Rodrigo Míguez Núñez ◽  
Pier Giuseppe Monateri
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
South America ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
National Boundaries

Abstract The aim of this paper is to assess the influence of the Italian comparative law scholarship outside its national boundaries, and particularly in Latin America, where it has had its strongest impact. In order to achieve our goal we will start by sketching a picture of the current status of the Italian comparative law, tracing its roots, explaining its development and analyzing its weaknesses and strengths. After exploring its reception in South America, we will ultimately try to envisage the future challenges, directions and contributions of the Italian Theory – as we labeled the Italian comparative law “way”.

scholarly journals Quality assurance in Latin America: current situation and future challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Lemaitre
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
National Systems

Quality assurance processes have developed in Latin America since the beginning of the 1990s, trying to deal with the changes in higher education. This article is organized from two main perspectives: the first is mostly descriptive, and it focuses first on a brief outline of structural changes, that impact on the features of higher education in the region; the response from Latin America, in terms of national systems and subregional and regional arrangements; and then on the perceived effects of the implementation of quality assurance mechanisms on higher education institutions. Based on that information, the second part has a prospective approach: it identifies some of the main challenges, that have to do with the need not to do ‘more of the same’ but rather, to develop a second generation of quality assurance processes, and makes suggestions about possible actions for policy makers, higher education institutions and quality assurance agencies.Published online: 30 November 2017 

Latinos in the United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan Stavans
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latino Culture ◽  
Latino Americans ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The U.S

As the largest and youngest minority group in the United States, the 60 million Latinos living in the U.S. represent the second-largest concentration of Hispanic people in the entire world, after Mexico. Needless to say, the population of Latinos in the U.S. is causing a shift, not only changing the demographic landscape of the country, but also impacting national culture, politics, and spoken language. While Latinos comprise a diverse minority group--with various religious beliefs, political ideologies, and social values--commentators on both sides of the political divide have lumped Latino Americans into a homogenous group that is often misunderstood. Latinos in the United States: What Everyone Need to Know® provides a comprehensive, multifaceted exploration of Latino American history and culture and the forces shaping this minority group in the U.S. From exploring the origins of the term "latino" and examining what constitutes Latin America, to tracing topical issues like DREAMers, the mass incarceration of Latino males, and the controversial relationship between Latin America and the United States, Ilan Stavans seeks to understand the complexities and unique position of Latino Americans. Throughout he breaks down the various subgroups within the Latino minority (Mexican-Americans, Dominican-Americans, Cuban-Americans, Puerto Ricans on the mainland, and so on), and the degree to which these groups constitute--or don’t--a homogenous community, their history, and where their future challenges lay. He sees Latino culture as undergoing dramatic changes as a result of acculturation--changes that are fostering a new "mestizo" identity that is part Hispanic and part American. However, Latinos living in the United States are also impacting American culture. As Ilan Stavans argues, no other minority group will have a more decisive impact on the future of the United States.

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