scholarly journals Biological Control of Insect Pest

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talha Nazir ◽  
Sehroon Khan ◽  
Dewen Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Insect Pest

scholarly journals Investigating the Parasitoid Community Associated with the Invasive Mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis in Southern China

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Hua-Yan Chen ◽  
Hong-Liang Li ◽  
Hong Pang ◽  
Chao-Dong Zhu ◽  
Yan-Zhou Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis

The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is an emerging invasive insect pest in China. Hymenopteran parasitoids are the key organisms for suppressing populations of P. solenopsis in the field, and therefore could be used as biological agents. Accurate identification of the associated parasitoids is the critical step to assess their potential role in biological control. In this study, we facilitated the identification of the parasitoid composition of P. solenopsis using an integrated approach of species delimitation, combining morphology with molecular data. Eighteen Hymenoptera parasitoid species belonging to 11 genera of four families are recognized based on morphological examination and molecular species delimitation of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) gene and the 28S rDNA using the automatic barcode gap discovery (ABGD) and the Bayesian Poisson tree processes model (bPTP). Among these species, eight species are primary parasitoids with Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) being the dominant taxon, while the other 10 species are probably hyperparasitoids, with a prevalence of Cheiloneurus nankingensis Li & Xu (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). These results indicate that parasitoid wasps associated with P. solenopsis from China are diverse and the integrated taxonomic approach applied in this study could enhance the accurate identification of these parasitoids that should be assessed in future biological control programs.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the occurrence of fall armyworm parasitoids in Zambia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léna Durocher-Granger ◽  
Tibonge Mfune ◽  
Monde Musesha ◽  
Alyssa Lowry ◽  
Kathryn Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Interest In Research

AbstractInvasive alien species have environmental, economic and social impacts, disproportionally threatening livelihood and food security of smallholder farmers in low- and medium-income countries. Fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda), an invasive insect pest from the Americas, causes considerable losses on maize to smallholder farmers in Africa since 2016. The increased use of pesticides to control FAW in Africa raises concerns for health and environmental risks resulting in a growing interest in research on biological control options for smallholder farmers. In order to evaluate the occurrence of local natural enemies attacking FAW, we collected on a weekly basis FAW eggs and larvae during a maize crop cycle in the rainy season of 2018–2019 at four locations in the Lusaka and Central provinces in Zambia. A total of 4373 larvae and 162 egg masses were collected. For each location and date of collection, crop stage, the number of plants checked and amount of damage were recorded to analyse which factors best explain the occurrence of the natural enemy species on maize. Overall parasitism rates from local natural enemies at each location varied between 8.45% and 33.11%. We identified 12 different egg-larval, larval and larval-pupal parasitoid species. Location, maize growth stage, pest density and larval stage significantly affected parasitoid species occurrence. Our findings indicate that there is potential for increasing local populations of natural enemies of FAW through conservation biological control programmes and develop safe and practical control methods for smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals Natural parasitism of Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): new record from Mato Grosso State, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Morais Turchen ◽  
Vanessa Golin ◽  
Bruna Magda Favetti ◽  
Alessandra Regina Butnariu ◽  
Valmir Antônio Costa
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Record ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
First Record ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Euschistus Heros ◽  
Natural Parasitism

The neotropical stink brown bug, Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an insect pest to soybean crops in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. In this region, synthetic insecticides are frequently used for insect control. An alternative to the indiscriminate use of insecticides is the biological control with parasitoids. Thus, the objective of this study was to conduct the survey of parasitoids that use E. heros adults as hosts. Random samples were conducted during the harvests of 2009/10 and 2010/11 in two farms that produce soybean (conventional system) in Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The total number of collected E. heros was: 297 (Field 1) and 293 (Field 2) in 2009/10 and 295 (Field 1) and 376 (Field 2) in 2010/11. Of these, 1.50 (Field 1) and 13.99% (Field 2) were parasitized in 2009/10 and 8.47 (Field 1) and 7.45% (Field 2) in 2010/11. The parasitoids found were Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in both fields. This is the first record of parasitism in E. heros adults in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

scholarly journals Myco-Biocontrol of Insect Pests: Factors Involved, Mechanism, and Regulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sardul Singh Sandhu ◽  
Anil K. Sharma ◽  
Vikas Beniwal ◽  
Gunjan Goel ◽  
Priya Batra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

The growing demand for reducing chemical inputs in agriculture and increased resistance to insecticides have provided great impetus to the development of alternative forms of insect-pest control. Myco-biocontrol offers an attractive alternative to the use of chemical pesticides. Myco-biocontrol agents are naturally occurring organisms which are perceived as less damaging to the environment. Their mode of action appears little complex which makes it highly unlikely that resistance could be developed to a biopesticide. Past research has shown some promise of the use of fungi as a selective pesticide. The current paper updates us about the recent progress in the field of myco-biocontrol of insect pests and their possible mechanism of action to further enhance our understanding about the biological control of insect pests.

Using Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) for insect pest biological control in cotton crops: an Australian perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P Davies ◽  
Christopher M Carr ◽  
Brad C G Scholz ◽  
Myron P Zalucki
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Insect Pest

scholarly journals DECIPHERING THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ENZYMATIC SYSTEMS AND VIRULENCE OF Beauveria bassiana: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 730-742
Author(s):  
Manish Dhawan ◽  
◽  
Neelam Joshi ◽  
Samandeep Kaur ◽  
Saroop Sandhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Enzymatic Systems

Intensive crop production and extensive use of harmful synthetic chemical pesticides create numerous socio-economic problems worldwide. Therefore, sustainable solutions are needed for insect pest control, such as biological control agents. The fungal insect pathogen Beauveria bassiana has shown considerable potential as a biological control agent against a broad range of insects. The insight into the virulence mechanism of B. bassiana is essential to show the robustness of its use. B. bassiana has several determinants of virulence, including the production of cuticle-degrading enzymes (CDEs), such as proteases, chitinases, and lipases. CDEs are essential in the infection process as they hydrolyze the significant components of the insect's cuticle. Moreover, B. bassiana has evolved effective antioxidant mechanisms that include enzyme families that act as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers, e.g., superoxide dismutases, catalases, peroxidases, and thioredoxins. In B. bassiana, the number of CDEs and antioxidant enzymes are characterized in recent years. These enzymes are believed to be crucial player of evolutionary process in this organism and their role in various mechanism of biological control. Recent discoveries have significantly increased our potential understanding on several potentially wanted unknown mechanisms of B. bassiana infection. This review focuses on the progress detailed in the studies of these enzymes and provides an overview of enzymatic activities and their contributions to virulence.

Mini review of parasitoids of insect pest in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 043-052
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Fiber Production ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Economic Income

In the process of manipulating agroecosystems, man adopts strategies that often conflict with those of the nature by imposing its interests and objectives to increase the food and fiber production. As a result, populations of certain species of herbivores, such as insects and mites phytophagous, become numerically so high that they damage the crops to the point of reducing their productivity and, consequently, their economic income. The aim of the mini review is to provide a bibliographic summary of parasitoids of the Order Hymenoptera collected from insect pests in Brazil. The research was carried out in studies related to the theme with emphasis on the quantitative aspects of the genera, and species (Taxonomic groups). A bibliographic search was carried out that contained papers published from 1998 to June 2021. The mini review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás from March to June 2021 using the Electronic Scientific Library Online (Scielo) and internet. Thus, biological control aims to reduce the population level of a species classified as a pest, keeping it below the level in which it is capable of causing economic harm.

scholarly journals The Role of Bacillus-Based Biological Control Agents in Integrated Pest Management Systems: Plant Diseases

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1272-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Jacobsen ◽  
N. K. Zidack ◽  
B. J. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Management Tools

Bacillus-based biological control agents (BCAs) have great potential in integrated pest management (IPM) systems; however, relatively little work has been published on integration with other IPM management tools. Unfortunately, most research has focused on BCAs as alternatives to synthetic chemical fungicides or bactericides and not as part of an integrated management system. IPM has had many definitions and this review will use the national coalition for IPM definition: “A sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health and environmental risks.” This review will examine the integrated use of Bacillus-based BCAs with disease management tools, including resistant cultivars, fungicides or bactericides, or other BCAs. This integration is important because the consistency and degree of disease control by Bacillus-based BCAs is rarely equal to the control afforded by the best fungicides or bactericides. In theory, integration of several tools brings stability to disease management programs. Integration of BCAs with other disease management tools often provides broader crop adaptation and both more efficacious and consistent levels of disease control. This review will also discuss the use of Bacillus-based BCAs in fungicide resistance management. Work with Bacillus thuringiensis and insect pest management is the exception to the relative paucity of reports but will not be the focus of this review.

scholarly journals Biology and Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Insect Pests Biocontrol, A Generic View

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Standard Equipment ◽  
Environmentally Safe

AbstractThe development of resistance to synthetic insecticides is one of the driving forces for changes in insect pest management. Governments regulatory bodies are in favour of environmentally safe chemicals with low toxicity, short-term persistence, and limited effects on non-target organisms as predominantly requirements for pesticides registration. Biological control can be considered as a powerful tool and one of the most important alternative control measure providing environmentally safe and sustainable plant protection. The success of biological control will depend on understanding the adaptation and establishment of applied biological control agents in agricultural ecosystems. Microbial pathogens and arthropod biocontrol agents, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been successfully used in agricultural systems. They are highly virulent, killing their hosts quickly and can be cultured easilyin vivoorin vitro.They are safe for non-target vertebrates and for the environment, and production costs have been significantly reduced in recent times as they are mass produced in liquid media. Moreover, no difficulties to apply EPNs as they are easily sprayed using standard equipment and can be combined with almost all chemical control compounds. EPNs are widely used to control economically important insect pests in different farming systems: from fruit orchards, cranberry bogs and turf grass to nurseries and greenhouses. The use of EPNs for biocontrol began only in early 1980s and involved a step-by-step scientific and technical development. Mass production of the nematodes played a key role in the commercially development of insect pests control with nematodes.

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