scholarly journals Role of the Cytoskeletal Actomyosin Complex in the Motility of Cyanobacteria and Fungal Spores

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Sánchez-Elordi ◽  
Eva María Díaz ◽  
Carlos Vicente ◽  
María Estrella Legaz
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Actomyosin Complex

scholarly journals Visualization of exocellular lectins in the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus obscurus.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1419-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Latgé ◽  
M Monsigny ◽  
M C Prévost
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Serum Albumins ◽  
Host Insect

We demonstrated the presence of lectins binding to glucose and N-acetylglucosamine on the surface of Conidiobolus obscurus spores by using glycosylated serum albumins substituted with fluorescent dyes and colloidal gold. The role of these exocellular lectins was examined in relation to the adhesion of the fungal spores to their host insect and the pathogenicity of the fungus.

An immunofluorescent cytochemical technique applying micromanipulation to detect microtubules in plant tissues inoculated with fungal spores

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2634-2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issei Kobayashi ◽  
Yuhko Kobayashi ◽  
Naoto Yamaoka ◽  
Hitoshi Kunoh
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Erysiphe Pisi ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Present Technique ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Small Papilla ◽  
Cytochemical Technique

An immunofluorescent cytochemical technique to detect microtubules was developed to examine the involvement of microtubules in incipient responses of barley coleoptile cells to fungal attacks. Infiltration of antibodies into target cells was promoted by scratching cell walls of chemically-fixed coleoptile cells with a micromanipulator. In uninoculated control cells, cortical microtubules were arranged obliquely or transversely to the longitudinal axis of the cells. On the other hand, in coleoptile cells which had been fixed 8–10 h after inoculation with a nonpathogen, Erysiphe pisi, microtubules gathered in coleoptile cells beneath mature appressoria of the fungus. When coleoptiles had been fixed 12 h after inoculation, many of the microtubules gathered around an incipient, small papilla, giving a network appearance. The present technique would be helpful for studying the role of microtubules in host cell responses to fungal attack. Key words: microtubules, immunofluorescent cytochemistry, barley coleoptile, Erysiphe pisi.

scholarly journals SPINK7 Recognizes Fungi and Initiates Hemocyte-Mediated Immune Defense Against Fungal Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoming Dong ◽  
Lingna An ◽  
Mengyao Lu ◽  
Muya Tang ◽  
Haiqin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Agarose Beads ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Serine protease inhibitors of Kazal-type (SPINKs) were widely identified in vertebrates and invertebrates, and played regulatory roles in digestion, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. In this study, we reported the important role of SPINK7 in regulating immune defense of silkworm, Bombyx mori. SPINK7 contains three Kazal domains and has 6 conserved cysteine residues in each domain. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that SPINK7 was exclusively expressed in hemocytes and was upregulated after infection with two fungi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Enzyme activity inhibition test showed that SPINK7 significantly inhibited the activity of proteinase K from C. albicans. Additionally, SPINK7 inhibited the growth of three fungal spores, including S. cerevisiae, C. albicans, and Beauveria bassiana. The pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) binding assays suggested that SPINK7 could bind to β-D-glucan and agglutinate B. bassiana and C. albicans. In vitro assays were performed using SPINK7-coated agarose beads, and indicated that SPINK7 promoted encapsulation and melanization of agarose beads by B. mori hemocytes. Furthermore, co-localization studies using immunofluorescence revealed that SPINK7 induced hemocytes to aggregate and entrap the fungi spores of B. bassiana and C. albicans. Our study revealed that SPINK7 could recognize fungal PAMP and induce the aggregation, melanization, and encapsulation of hemocytes, and provided valuable clues for understanding the innate immunity and cellular immunity in insects.

scholarly journals Global modeling of fungal spores with the EMAC chemistryclimate model: uncertainties in emission parametrizations and observations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryem Tanarhte ◽  
Sara Bacer ◽  
Susannah M. Burrows ◽  
J. Alex Huffman ◽  
Kyle M. Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Climate Interactions

Abstract. Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) may impact human health and aerosol-cloud-climate interactions. The role of PBAPs in the earth system is associated with large uncertainties, for example of source estimates and the atmospheric lifetime. We used a chemistry-climate model to simulate PBAPs in the atmosphere including bacteria and fungal spores. Three fungal spore emission parameterizations have been evaluated against an updated set of spore counts synthesized from observations reported in the literature. The comparison indicates an optimal fit for the emission parameterization proposed by Heald and Spracklen (2009) and adapted by Hoose et al. (2010) for particle sizes of 5 µm or 3 µm, although the model still overpredicts PBAP concentrations in some locations. The correlations between the spore count observations and meteorological parameters simulated by the model show a strong dependence on the leaf area index in non-urban areas and the specific humidity in urban areas. Additional evaluation was performed by comparing our combined bacteria and fungal spore simulations to a global dataset of fluorescent biological aerosol particle (FBAP) concentrations. The model predicts the total sum of measured PBAP concentrations relatively well, typically within a factor of two of FBAP. Further, the modeled fungal spore results deviate from the FBAP concentrations when used as a rough proxy for spores, depending on the particle size used in the parametrization. Uncertainties related to technical aspects of the FBAP and direct-counting spore measurements challenge the ability to further refine quantitative comparison on this scale. Additional long-term data of better quality are needed to improve emission parameterizations.

Palaeomycology: A modern mycological view of fungal palynomorphs

2021 ◽  
pp. SP511-2020-47
Author(s):  
Noelia B. Nuñez Otaño ◽  
M. Virginia Bianchinotti ◽  
Mario C. N. Saparrat
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Fungal Ecology ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Spore Dispersal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fungal Biology ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Fungal Assemblages

AbstractFungal spores are increasingly used as reliable proxies in paleoenvironmental reconstructions; however, little attention is paid to the ecological tolerances of the fungi themselves and the signal the fungi provide. This chapter provides a much-needed background in fungal biology and ecology of monophyletic Dikarya (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), as well as taphonomic considerations which could be included in any use as palaeoecological indicators. It is intended to help those who are interested in using fungal spores as palaeoecological indicators to make more informed interpretations. A recapitulation of spore dispersal strategies and distances is presented for a better understanding of the transport mechanisms of fungal spores. Likewise, pigmentation is discussed, as it results in significant taphonomic bias in fossil fungal assemblages and, as some dark-colored pigmentation is authigenic while some develops during taphonomy. A key element of this chapter is discussion of the environmental role of fungi, including modern versus palaeo-approaches to fungal ecology, fungal assemblages, and diversity patterns as diagnostic tools to infer paleoenvironments.Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5342039

scholarly journals Pseudomonas aeruginosainhibitsRhizopus microsporusgermination through sequestration of free environmental iron

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Kousser ◽  
Callum Clark ◽  
Kerstin Voelz ◽  
Rebecca A. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Antibacterial Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Restriction ◽  
Rhizopus Microsporus ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Host Mortality ◽  
Etiological Agents

AbstractRhizopus sppare the most common etiological agents of mucormycosis, causing over 90% mortality in disseminated infection. Key to pathogenesis is the ability of fungal spores to swell, germinate, and penetrate surrounding tissues. Antibiotic treatment in at-risk patients increases the probability of the patient developing mucormycosis, suggesting that bacteria have the potential to control the growth of the fungus. However, research into polymicrobial relationships involvingRhizopus spphas not been extensively explored. Here we show that co-culturingRhizopus microsporusandPseudomonas aeruginosaresults in the inhibition of spore germination. This inhibition was mediated via the secretion of bacterial siderophores, confirming the essential role of iron for fungal growth. Addition ofP. aeruginosasiderophores toR. microsporusspores in the zebrafish larval model of infection resulted in inhibition of fungal germination and reduced host mortality. Therefore, during infection antibacterial treatment may relieve bacterial imposed nutrient restriction resulting in secondary fungal infections.

scholarly journals Pollen Pollution Strategy of Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-28
Author(s):  
V. Kobzar
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
World Population ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Physicochemical Processes ◽  
Allergenic Plants ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types

It is known that 30–40% of people in the world population are sensitized to pollen. This phenomenon is exacerbated in contaminated and urbanized areas. Wormwood is one of the main herbaceous allergenic plants, and its pollen is among the ten global aeroallergens. An allergy to it is a common phenomenon on a global scale. The role of pollen the etiology of pollinosis is usually in tandem with wormwood pollen established in Russia, Central Asia and Kazakhstan, Europe and America. The purpose of this article was to develop a pollen strategy for wormwood and pollen as the leading aeroallergen and assessment of their standardized contribution to the aerobiological situation. The SEM images of the studied pollen of wormwood do not show pronounced changes in the structure and sculpture, since it is tolerant to the effects of pollutants. Different types of deformation and modification of sculptural elements were revealed in pollen from the haze family, since their pollen selectively reacts to various pollutants. The strategy for pollen from wormwood and haze pollen is that, due to its strong, prickly exine, and lipophilicity, weed pollen is a very good biological accumulator of all types of gaseous or solid pollutants. In general, this accumulation depends on the physicochemical processes at the surface or cytoplasmic level, independent of the physiological state of pollen. Many biological agents, such as bacteria and fungal spores, can accumulate on the surface layer of the pollen shell and be used for bioindication.

scholarly journals Mechanogenetic role of actomyosin complex in branching morphogenesis of epithelial organs

Development ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. dev.190785
Author(s):  
Jin Man Kim ◽  
YoungJu Jo ◽  
Ju Won Jung ◽  
Kyungpyo Park
Keyword(s):  
Branching Morphogenesis ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Actomyosin Complex ◽  
Organ Regeneration ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Epithelial Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cellular Components

The actomyosin complex plays crucial roles in various life processes by balancing the forces generated by cellular components. In addition to its physical function, the actomyosin complex participates in mechanotransduction. However, the exact role of actomyosin contractility in force transmission and the related transcriptional changes during morphogenesis are not fully understood. Here, we report a mechanogenetic role of the actomyosin complex in branching morphogenesis using an organotypic culture system of mouse embryonic submandibular glands. We dissected the physical factors arranged by characteristic actin structures in developing epithelial buds and identified the spatial distribution of forces that is essential for buckling mechanism to promote the branching process. Moreover, the critical genes required for the distribution of epithelial progenitor cells were regulated by YAP/TAZ through a mechanotransduction process in epithelial organs. These findings are important for our understanding of the physical processes involved in the development of epithelial organs and provide a theoretical background for developing new approaches for organ regeneration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document