Energy Metabolism and Weight Control [Working Title]

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Weight Control

scholarly journals The Effect of a 2-Week Red Ginseng Supplementation on Food Efficiency and Energy Metabolism in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1726
Author(s):  
Hyejung Hwang ◽  
Jisu Kim ◽  
Kiwon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Energy Substrate ◽  
Metabolism Regulation

Red ginseng (RG) ingestion reportedly affects body weight, food intake, and fat accumulation reduction. It also induces changes in energy metabolism regulation and glycemic control. Previously, 2-week RG ingestion with endurance training was found to enhance fat oxidation during exercise. However, such effects on energy metabolism and the expression of mRNAs related to energy substrate utilization in resting mice (untrained mice) are still unclear. Here, we determined the effect of RG on energy metabolism and substrate utilization in untrained male mice. Twenty-four mice were separated into an RG group that received a daily dosage of 1 g/kg RG for 2 weeks, and a control (CON). Energy expenditure, blood and tissue glycogen levels, and expression of mRNAs related to energy substrate utilization in muscles were measured before and 2 weeks after treatment. Total food intake was significantly lower in the RG than in the CON group (p < 0.05), but final body weights did not differ. Carbohydrate and fat oxidation over 24 h did not change in either group. There were no significant differences in gastrocnemius GLUT4, MCT1, MCT4, FAT/CD36, and CPT1b mRNA levels between groups. Thus, the effects of RG ingested during rest differ from the effects of RG ingestion in combination with endurance exercise; administering RG to untrained mice for 2 weeks did not change body weight and energy metabolism. Therefore, future studies should consider examining the RG ingestion period and dosage for body weight control and improving energy metabolism.

scholarly journals PO-180 Effect of Accumulated Exercise and Continuous Exercise on Energy Metabolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Songtao Wang ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Xiangyu Shuai
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Continuous Exercise

Objective   Sedentary behavior is the main feature of modern lifestyle, which relate to most chronic diseases. Therefore, it has great significance in both theory and practice of weight control and health promotion to find some exercise modes which can effectively break sedentary lifestyle and increase daily physical activity. The multiple short-time exercise scattered throughout the whole day was called Accumulated Exercise. Accumulated exercise can break the sedentary lifestyle, but our understanding about the energy metabolism and its influence on appetite is limited. This study measured the energy expenditure of two kind of exercise with equal workload (moderate intensity continuous exercise and accumulated exercise) as well as their impact on appetite, in order to enhance the effect and adherence of exercise intervention in weight control and health promotion. Methods 16 healthy college students (8 male and 8 female) were recruited. Three experiments were randomly carried out with one week’s interval, which were recorded as rest control, accumulated exercise and continuous exercise. Accumulated exercise and continuous exercise were performed on treadmill with 65%VO2max intensity. Continuous exercise was lasted 1 hour without interval, while accumulated exercise was divided 4 times, 15min each, with 1 hour’s interval. The total exercise load (running distance) of the two exercise is equal. The volume of consumed O2 and generated CO2 in pre-exercise, during exercise, and post-exercise (0-4h) were dynamically monitored. The gastric electricity and appetite scale after exercise, as well as the basal metabolic rate of the next morning was also measured. Using the Peronnet and Massioctte equations to calculate the carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, and the total energy expenditure during exercise and post-exercise (0-4h), then compare the differences between the two kind of exercise in energy expenditure, appetite, and gastric electrical activity. Results   Compared with continuous exercise with equal workload, accumulated exercise can increase fat oxidation (and %) during exercise and exercise interval, as well as the total energy expenditure in exercise interval, especially in male students. However, accumulated exercise has the potential to promote stomach emptying, and then increase the appetite (before bedtime). While the continuous exercise can significantly suppress the appetite of the next meal. Conclusions   Accumulated exercise and continuous exercise has different advantage in promoting energy (fat) expenditure and suppressing appetite respectively, so they should be jointly applied to enhanced effects of exercise intervention on weight control.

scholarly journals Resistance to Obesity by Repression of VEGF Gene Expression through Induction of Brown-Like Adipocyte Differentiation

Endocrinology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (7) ◽  
pp. 3123-3132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Lu ◽  
Yan Ji ◽  
Luqing Zhang ◽  
Yuntao Zhang ◽  
Shuzhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Genetic Mouse Model ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Body Weight Control

Adipose tissues are classified into white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). WAT is responsible for energy storage, and malfunction is associated with obesity. BAT, on the contrary, consumes fat to generate heat through uncoupling mitochondrial respiration and is important in body weight control. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A is the founding member of the VEGF family and has been found highly expressed in adipose tissue. A genetic mouse model of an inducible VEGF (VEGF-A) repression system was used to study VEGF-regulated energy metabolism in WAT. VEGF-repressed mice demonstrated lower food efficiency, lower body weight, and resistance to high-fat diet-induced obesity. Repression of VEGF expression caused morphological and molecular changes in adipose tissues. VEGF repression induced brown-like adipocyte development in WAT, up-regulation of BAT-specific genes including PRDM16, GATA-1, BMP-7, CIDEA, and UCP-1 and down-regulation of leptin, a WAT-specific gene. VEGF repression up-regulated expression of VEGF-B and its downstream fatty acid transport proteins. Relative levels of VEGF/VEGF-B may be important switches in energy metabolism and of pharmaceutical significances.

Mitochondrial matrix calcium ions regulate energy production in myocardium: A cytochemical study

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
W.A. Jacob ◽  
R. Hertsens ◽  
A. Van Bogaert ◽  
M. De Smet
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Regulation Of Respiration ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Mitochondrial Matrix ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Nmr Techniques

In the past most studies of the control of energy metabolism focus on the role of the phosphorylation potential ATP/ADP.Pi on the regulation of respiration. Studies using NMR techniques have demonstrated that the concentrations of these compounds for oxidation phosphorylation do not change appreciably throughout the cardiac cycle and during increases in cardiac work. Hence regulation of energy production by calcium ions, present in the mitochondrial matrix, has been the object of a number of recent studies.Three exclusively intramitochondnal dehydrogenases are key enzymes for the regulation of oxidative metabolism. They are activated by calcium ions in the low micromolar range. Since, however, earlier estimates of the intramitochondnal calcium, based on equilibrium thermodynamic considerations, were in the millimolar range, a physiological correlation was not evident. The introduction of calcium-sensitive probes fura-2 and indo-1 made monitoring of free calcium during changing energy metabolism possible. These studies were performed on isolated mitochondria and extrapolation to the in vivo situation is more or less speculative.

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