scholarly journals A5 and A6 Noradrenergic Cell Groups: Implications for Cardiorespiratory Control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Víctor López-González ◽  
Marta González-García ◽  
Marc Stefan Dawid-Milner
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Control ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
Noradrenergic Cell Groups

Allergic lung inflammation affects central noradrenergic control of cholinergic outflow to the airways in ferrets

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 2095-2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Wilson ◽  
Shamima Akhter ◽  
Catherine A. Mayer ◽  
Prabha Kc ◽  
Kannan V. Balan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Allergic Lung Inflammation ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
Noradrenergic Cell Groups ◽  
Noradrenergic Modulation ◽  
Specific Allergen

Brain stem noradrenergic cell groups mediating autonomic responses to stress project to airway-related vagal preganglionic neurons (AVPNs). In ferrets, their activation produces withdrawal of cholinergic outflow to the airways via release of norepinephrine and activation of α2A-adrenergic receptors (α2A-AR) expressed by AVPNs. In these studies, we examined the effects of allergen exposure of the airway (AE) with ovalbumin on noradrenergic transmission regulating the activity of AVPNs and, consequently, airway smooth muscle tone. Experiments were performed in vehicle control (Con) and AE ferrets. Microperfusion of an α2A-AR agonist (guanabenz) in close proximity to AVPNs elicited more pronounced effects in Con than AE ferrets, including a decrease in unit activity and reflexly evoked responses of putative AVPN neurons with a corresponding decrease in cholinergic outflow to the airways. Although no differences were found in the extent of noradrenergic innervation of the AVPNs, RT-PCR and Western blot studies demonstrated that AE and repeated exposure to antigen significantly reduced expression of α2A-ARs at message and protein levels. These findings indicate that, in an animal model of allergic asthma, sensitization and repeated challenges with a specific allergen diminish central inhibitory noradrenergic modulation of AVPNs, possibly via downregulation of α2A-AR expression by these neurons.

Differential effects of long-term hypoxia on norepinephrine turnover in brain stem cell groups

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1810-1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Soulier ◽  
J. M. Cottet-Emard ◽  
J. Pequignot ◽  
F. Hanchin ◽  
L. Peyrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Cell Group ◽  
Hypotensive Drug ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
Noradrenergic Cell Groups ◽  
The Brain

The influence of long-term hypoxia on noradrenergic cell groups in the brain stem was assessed by estimating the changes in norepinephrine (NE) turnover in A1, A2 (subdivided into anterior and posterior parts), A5, and A6 groups in rats exposed to hypoxia (10% O2–90% N2) for 14 days. The NE turnover was decreased in A5 and A6 groups but failed to change significantly in A1. The NE turnover was increased in the posterior part of A2 and remained unaltered in the anterior part. In normoxic rats, the hypotensive drug dihydralazine induced a reverse effect, namely increased NE turnover in anterior A2 and no change in posterior A2. The neurochemical responses to hypoxia were abolished by transection of carotid sinus nerves. The results show that long-term hypoxia exerts differential effects on the noradrenergic cell groups located in the brain stem. Peripheral chemosensory inputs control the hypoxia-induced noradrenergic alterations. The A2 cell group displays a functional subdivision: the posterior part is influenced by peripheral chemosensory inputs, whereas the anterior part may be concerned with barosensitivity.

Age-related changes in dopaminergic and noradrenergic cell groups of the male Sprague-Dawley rat

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. S11
Author(s):  
Nobumitsu Morimoto ◽  
Akira Monji ◽  
Kazuo Umeno ◽  
Iwao Okuyama ◽  
Reiji Ishikura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rat ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
Noradrenergic Cell Groups ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals The Modulatory Effect of Acupuncture on the Activity of Locus Coeruleus Neuronal Cells: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gihyun Lee ◽  
Woojin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Noradrenergic Neurons ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Noradrenergic Cell Groups

The Locus Coeruleus (LC) is a small collection of noradrenergic neurons located in the pons. In the brain, noradrenaline (NE) is primarily produced by noradrenergic cell groups in the LC, which is the largest group of noradrenergic neurons in the central nervous system. Acupuncture, including the electroacupuncture which is a modified acupuncture method, is known to be effective in various kinds of diseases, and the involvement of noradrenergic system in the central nervous system has been reported by previous studies. However, on whether acupuncture can modulate the LC neuronal cells activities, results vary from studies to studies. In this paper, we included twelve articles, which observed the effect of acupuncture on the activities of LC in humans and animals. Our study shows that, among twelve included studies, six reported decrease of LC activities, whereas six showed increase of LC activities after acupuncture treatment. Although it is difficult to draw a firm conclusion, the authors suggest that the difference of frequencies may play an important role in the modulatory effect of acupuncture on LC. Further studies are needed to clarify the precise mechanism of acupuncture on LC, as it can lead to a new therapeutic method for various LC-NE related diseases.

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