scholarly journals Characterization of Single Polymer Molecules

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Radiom
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Molecules

scholarly journals Sol Gel Technique to Prepare Composite Material of Glass-Dye-Polymers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanta Ray ◽  
Leena Bhowmik
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Stability Tests ◽  
Sio2 Glass ◽  
Polymer Molecules ◽  
Covalently Bonded ◽  
Gel Technique

Herein we describe the synthesis and in-depth characterization of chemically blended hybrid glasses in which polymer molecules are uniformly distributed and covalently bonded to inorganic matrices. This approach uses a monomer with double bonds, which are hydrosilylated with triethoxy silane and co-condensed with silicon tetraalkoxide to afford a molecular composite of SiO2 glass and the polymer. The generated coposites were characterized using SEM, TGA and XRD as well as a host of stability tests. They showed increased stability and uniform distribution of the blend. <br>

On the dimensions of intramolecularly crosslinked polymer molecules I. The synthesis and chemical characterization of intramolecularly crosslinked polystyrene molecules having a narrow distribution of molecular weight

1973 ◽  
Vol 334 (1599) ◽  
pp. 453-463 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Secondary Amine ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Polymer Molecule ◽  
Dilute Solution ◽  
Polymer Molecules ◽  
Crosslinked Polymer ◽  
Crosslinked Polystyrene ◽  
Infrared Studies

The synthesis of intramolecularly crosslinked polystyrene molecules has bee nachieved by controlled chlormethylation of anionic polystyrene. The chlormethyl groups were reacted with n -butylamine and the secondary amine derivative thus produced was crosslinked by reaction with a diisocyanate in dilute solution. Samples were prepared containing a selected number of crosslinks in the range 5 to 150 per polymer molecule. The materials were completely soluble. The number of crosslinks in each sample was determined by quantitative infrared studies.

scholarly journals Polymer Characterization by Combined Chromatography-Infrared Spectroscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Dwyer ◽  
Ming Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Polymer Characterization ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Reactive Polymer ◽  
Polymer Molecules

Infrared spectroscopy is widely used in the analysis and characterization of polymers. Polymer products are not a singular species, but rather, they are a population of polymer molecules varying in composition and configuration plus other added components. This paper describes instrumentation that provides the benefit or resolving polymer populations into discrete identifiable entities, by combining chromatographic separation with continuous spectra acquisition. The technology also provides a way to determine the mass distribution of discrete components across the chromatographic distribution of a sample. Various examples of application of this technology to polymer products are described. Examples include additives analysis, resolution of polymer blends, composition characterization of copolymers, analysis of degradation byproducts, and techniques of analysis of reactive polymer systems.

scholarly journals Sol Gel Technique to Prepare Composite Material of Glass-Dye-Polymers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanta Ray ◽  
Leena Bhowmik
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Stability Tests ◽  
Sio2 Glass ◽  
Polymer Molecules ◽  
Covalently Bonded ◽  
Gel Technique

Herein we describe the synthesis and in-depth characterization of chemically blended hybrid glasses in which polymer molecules are uniformly distributed and covalently bonded to inorganic matrices. This approach uses a monomer with double bonds, which are hydrosilylated with triethoxy silane and co-condensed with silicon tetraalkoxide to afford a molecular composite of SiO2 glass and the polymer. The generated coposites were characterized using SEM, TGA and XRD as well as a host of stability tests. They showed increased stability and uniform distribution of the blend. <br>

Fabrication and Characterization of Light Emitting Porous Silicon and Polymer Nanocomposites

1996 ◽  
Vol 452 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Duttagupta ◽  
P. M. Fauchet ◽  
X. L. Chen ◽  
S. A. Jenekhe
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Pore Filling ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Polymer Molecules ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization

AbstractWe report the fabrication of nanocomposites by the infiltration of polymers into porous silicon. Polymers such as polyamide, polystyrene, PMMA, and PVC were chosen because they are commonly available and have been extensively studied. The pore-filling was accomplished by either diffusion of the polymer molecules into porous silicon or in-situ polymerization of the monomer. The Vickers hardness arid the thermal conductivity of the samples were measured. There was a difference in the nanocomposite characteristics depending on whether the samples were as-anodized or had been annealed in oxygen. By infiltrating polyamide into an as-anodized sample, a 42% increase in hardness and a 24% increase in thermal conductivity were observed at room temperature, without any degradation of luminescence.

Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
B. L. Soloff ◽  
T. A. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Lysogenic Culture ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

AEM analysis of crystallization in Ti-based amorphous alloys

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
A.R. Pelton ◽  
A.F. Marshall ◽  
Y.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Isothermal Annealing ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties

Amorphous materials are of current interest due to their desirable mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Furthermore, crystallizing amorphous alloys provides an avenue for discerning sequential and competitive phases thus allowing access to otherwise inaccessible crystalline structures. Previous studies have shown the benefits of using AEM to determine crystal structures and compositions of partially crystallized alloys. The present paper will discuss the AEM characterization of crystallized Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti amorphous films.Cu60Ti40: The amorphous alloy Cu60Ti40, when continuously heated, forms a simple intermediate, macrocrystalline phase which then transforms to the ordered, equilibrium Cu3Ti2 phase. However, contrary to what one would expect from kinetic considerations, isothermal annealing below the isochronal crystallization temperature results in direct nucleation and growth of Cu3Ti2 from the amorphous matrix.

Characterization of Coherent, Ordered Precipitates in Nickel-Base Alloys

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
B. H. Kear ◽  
J. M. Oblak
Keyword(s):  
Stable Phase ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Alloy 718 ◽  
Commercial Alloy ◽  
Precipitate Morphology ◽  
Continuous Precipitation ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Base Superalloy ◽  
Strengthening Precipitate

A nickel-base superalloy is essentially a Ni/Cr solid solution hardened by additions of Al (Ti, Nb, etc.) to precipitate a coherent, ordered phase. In most commercial alloy systems, e.g. B-1900, IN-100 and Mar-M200, the stable precipitate is Ni3 (Al,Ti) γ′, with an LI2structure. In A lloy 901 the normal precipitate is metastable Nis Ti3 γ′ ; the stable phase is a hexagonal Do2 4 structure. In Alloy 718 the strengthening precipitate is metastable γ″, which has a body-centered tetragonal D022 structure.Precipitate MorphologyIn most systems the ordered γ′ phase forms by a continuous precipitation re-action, which gives rise to a uniform intragranular dispersion of precipitate particles. For zero γ/γ′ misfit, the γ′ precipitates assume a spheroidal.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

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